NURS 340 HEALTH ASSESSMENT EXAM 2 NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 140 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
how do antibiotic drugs work against bacteria? - (answer) cell wall synthesis, cell membrane
permeability, protein synthesis (lethal), nonlethal inhibitors of protein synthesis, synthesis of nucleic
acids, antimetabolites, viral enzyme inhibitors
how do antibiotics have selective toxicity? - (answer) toxic to microbes but harmless to host, disruption
of the bacterial cell wall, inhibition of an enzyme unique to bacteria, disruption of bacterial protein
synthesis
what microorganisms have a significant antibiotic resistance? - (answer) Enterococcus faecium,
Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter species, Klebsiella species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Acinetobacter baumannii, Clostridium difficile
what are the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance? - (answer) - Enzymatic destruction of drug
- Prevention of penetration of drug
- Alteration of drug's target site
- Rapid ejection of the drug
how to delay emergence of drug resistance - (answer) Treat infection, not contamination
Treat infection, not colonization
Know when to say "No to vanco"
Stop treatment when infection is cured or unlikely
Isolate the pathogen
Break the chain of contagion
Vaccinate
Get the catheters out
Target the pathogen
Access the experts
Practice antimicrobial control
Use local data
,NURS 340 HEALTH ASSESSMENT EXAM 2 NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 140 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
what factors contribute to the selection of antibiotics? - (answer) Identify organism
Drug sensitivity of organism
Host factors
Host defenses
Site of infection
Age
Pregnancy and lactation
Previous allergic reactions
Genetic factors
why do patients need to complete the antibiotic they are taking? - (answer) can lead to a drug resistant
bacteria
susceptible - (answer) indicates that the pathogen is likely to be inhibited if the antimicrobial
compound in the blood reaches the concentration usually achievable
intermediate - (answer) indicates that the results should be considered equivocal, and if the
microorganism is not fully susceptible to alternative, clinically feasible drugs, the test should be
repeated. This category implies possible clinical applicability in body sites where the drug is
physiologically concentrated or in situations where high dosage of drug can be used
resistant - (answer) indicates that the pathogen is not likely to be inhibited if the antimicrobial
compound in the blood reaches the concentration usually achievable; other therapy should be
considered
penicillin mechanism of action - (answer) weaken the cell wall, causing bacteria to take up excessive
water and rupture, active only against bacteria that are undergoing growth and division, bactericidal
beta lactam antibiotics - (answer) contain a β-lactam ring, ex. penicillin and cephalosporins;
β-lactam ring of antibiotic fits into bacterial cell wall and inhibits transpeptidation, bacteria will
eventually rupture because the unsupported cell wall cannot withstand its growth
, NURS 340 HEALTH ASSESSMENT EXAM 2 NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 140 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
how do bacteria defend against beta lactam antibiotics? - (answer) some bacteria produce enzyme β-
lactamase which destroys the antibiotic β-lactam ring and renders the antibiotic ineffective
what are beta lactamase inhibitors? - (answer) Clavulanic acid (amoxicillin & clavulanate = Augmentin)
Sulbactam (ampicillin & sulbactam = Unasyn)
Tazobactam (piperacillin & tazobactam = Zosyn)
by themselves they do not have antimicrobial activity, but are combined with the antibiotic to prevent
inactivation of the antibiotic by beta lactamases
what microbes commonly produced beta lactamase? - (answer) Staphylococci, Gonococci, H.
influenzae, M.catarrhalis, B.fragilis, and some Enterobacteriaceae
penicillin adverse effects - (answer) Urticaria
Pruritus
Erythematous rash
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Headache, fatigue, dizziness
Tachycardia
Elevation of creatinine, BUN (blood urea nitrogen)
Vaginitis
what are the types of allergic reactions? - (answer) immediate (2 to 30 minutes)
accelerated (1 to 72 hours)
late (days or weeks)
what is anaphylaxis? - (answer) laryngeal edema, bronchoconstriction, severe hypotension
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
how do antibiotic drugs work against bacteria? - (answer) cell wall synthesis, cell membrane
permeability, protein synthesis (lethal), nonlethal inhibitors of protein synthesis, synthesis of nucleic
acids, antimetabolites, viral enzyme inhibitors
how do antibiotics have selective toxicity? - (answer) toxic to microbes but harmless to host, disruption
of the bacterial cell wall, inhibition of an enzyme unique to bacteria, disruption of bacterial protein
synthesis
what microorganisms have a significant antibiotic resistance? - (answer) Enterococcus faecium,
Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter species, Klebsiella species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Acinetobacter baumannii, Clostridium difficile
what are the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance? - (answer) - Enzymatic destruction of drug
- Prevention of penetration of drug
- Alteration of drug's target site
- Rapid ejection of the drug
how to delay emergence of drug resistance - (answer) Treat infection, not contamination
Treat infection, not colonization
Know when to say "No to vanco"
Stop treatment when infection is cured or unlikely
Isolate the pathogen
Break the chain of contagion
Vaccinate
Get the catheters out
Target the pathogen
Access the experts
Practice antimicrobial control
Use local data
,NURS 340 HEALTH ASSESSMENT EXAM 2 NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 140 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
what factors contribute to the selection of antibiotics? - (answer) Identify organism
Drug sensitivity of organism
Host factors
Host defenses
Site of infection
Age
Pregnancy and lactation
Previous allergic reactions
Genetic factors
why do patients need to complete the antibiotic they are taking? - (answer) can lead to a drug resistant
bacteria
susceptible - (answer) indicates that the pathogen is likely to be inhibited if the antimicrobial
compound in the blood reaches the concentration usually achievable
intermediate - (answer) indicates that the results should be considered equivocal, and if the
microorganism is not fully susceptible to alternative, clinically feasible drugs, the test should be
repeated. This category implies possible clinical applicability in body sites where the drug is
physiologically concentrated or in situations where high dosage of drug can be used
resistant - (answer) indicates that the pathogen is not likely to be inhibited if the antimicrobial
compound in the blood reaches the concentration usually achievable; other therapy should be
considered
penicillin mechanism of action - (answer) weaken the cell wall, causing bacteria to take up excessive
water and rupture, active only against bacteria that are undergoing growth and division, bactericidal
beta lactam antibiotics - (answer) contain a β-lactam ring, ex. penicillin and cephalosporins;
β-lactam ring of antibiotic fits into bacterial cell wall and inhibits transpeptidation, bacteria will
eventually rupture because the unsupported cell wall cannot withstand its growth
, NURS 340 HEALTH ASSESSMENT EXAM 2 NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 140 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
how do bacteria defend against beta lactam antibiotics? - (answer) some bacteria produce enzyme β-
lactamase which destroys the antibiotic β-lactam ring and renders the antibiotic ineffective
what are beta lactamase inhibitors? - (answer) Clavulanic acid (amoxicillin & clavulanate = Augmentin)
Sulbactam (ampicillin & sulbactam = Unasyn)
Tazobactam (piperacillin & tazobactam = Zosyn)
by themselves they do not have antimicrobial activity, but are combined with the antibiotic to prevent
inactivation of the antibiotic by beta lactamases
what microbes commonly produced beta lactamase? - (answer) Staphylococci, Gonococci, H.
influenzae, M.catarrhalis, B.fragilis, and some Enterobacteriaceae
penicillin adverse effects - (answer) Urticaria
Pruritus
Erythematous rash
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Headache, fatigue, dizziness
Tachycardia
Elevation of creatinine, BUN (blood urea nitrogen)
Vaginitis
what are the types of allergic reactions? - (answer) immediate (2 to 30 minutes)
accelerated (1 to 72 hours)
late (days or weeks)
what is anaphylaxis? - (answer) laryngeal edema, bronchoconstriction, severe hypotension
