Fundamentals of Nursing PN Exam 1
2025 Questions and Answers
1gr=___mg - ....ANSWER ...-60mg
1gtt=___M - ....ANSWER ...-1M
1mL=____M - ....ANSWER ...-15M
1oz=____mL - ....ANSWER ...-30mL
1 cup=_____oz - ....ANSWER ...-8oz
1mg=_____mcg - ....ANSWER ...-1000mcg
1mL=____gtt - ....ANSWER ...-15gtt
1qt=______mL - ....ANSWER ...-1000mL
1gal=_____qt - ....ANSWER ...-4qt
1cup=_____mL - ....ANSWER ...-240mL
1kg=_____lb - ....ANSWER ...-2.2lb
1kg=_____g - ....ANSWER ...-1000g
Clinical Reasoning - ....ANSWER ...-a specific term usually referring to ways of
thinking about patient care issues (determining, preventing, and managing patient
…FOR STUDENTS ONLY…©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED… 1
,problems); for reasoning about other clinical issues (e.g., teamwork, collaboration, and
streamlining work flow); nurses usually use critical thinking
Clinical Judgement - ....ANSWER ...-refers to the result (outcome) of critical
thinking or clinical reasoning; the conclusion, decision, or opinion a nurse makes
Pathogens - ....ANSWER ...-Disease causing microorganisms
Infection - ....ANSWER ...-Contamination or invasion of body tissue by pathogenic
organisms
Six Components of Infection Cycle - ....ANSWER ...--Infectious Agent
-Reservoir
-Portal of Exit
-Means of Transmission
-Portals of Entry
-Susceptible Host
Virulence - ....ANSWER ...-ability to produce disease
Endemic - ....ANSWER ...-native or confined to a particular region or people
Stages of Infection - ....ANSWER ...--Incubation period
-Prodromal stage
-Full stage of illness
-Convalescent period
Asepsis - ....ANSWER ...-absence of significant contamination
…FOR STUDENTS ONLY…©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED… 2
, Transient Bacterial Flora - ....ANSWER ...-attached loosely on skin, removed with
relative ease
Resident Bacterial Flora - ....ANSWER ...-found in creases in skin, requires friction
with brush to remove
Exogenous Infection - ....ANSWER ...-Occurs when the causative organism is
acquired from other people
Endogenous Infection - ....ANSWER ...-Infection or disease originating within the
body
iatrogenic infection - ....ANSWER ...-produced by treatment or physician
Steps in Applying PPE - ....ANSWER ...-1) Gown
2) Mask
3) Goggles/Face Shield
Steps in Removing PPE - ....ANSWER ...-1) Gloves
2) Goggles/Face Shield
3) Gown
4) Mask
Types of Joints - ....ANSWER ...-fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
Fibrous Joints - ....ANSWER ...-immovable (skull)
Cartilaginous Joints - ....ANSWER ...-allow only slight movement and consist of
bones connected entirely by cartilage
…FOR STUDENTS ONLY…©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED… 3
2025 Questions and Answers
1gr=___mg - ....ANSWER ...-60mg
1gtt=___M - ....ANSWER ...-1M
1mL=____M - ....ANSWER ...-15M
1oz=____mL - ....ANSWER ...-30mL
1 cup=_____oz - ....ANSWER ...-8oz
1mg=_____mcg - ....ANSWER ...-1000mcg
1mL=____gtt - ....ANSWER ...-15gtt
1qt=______mL - ....ANSWER ...-1000mL
1gal=_____qt - ....ANSWER ...-4qt
1cup=_____mL - ....ANSWER ...-240mL
1kg=_____lb - ....ANSWER ...-2.2lb
1kg=_____g - ....ANSWER ...-1000g
Clinical Reasoning - ....ANSWER ...-a specific term usually referring to ways of
thinking about patient care issues (determining, preventing, and managing patient
…FOR STUDENTS ONLY…©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED… 1
,problems); for reasoning about other clinical issues (e.g., teamwork, collaboration, and
streamlining work flow); nurses usually use critical thinking
Clinical Judgement - ....ANSWER ...-refers to the result (outcome) of critical
thinking or clinical reasoning; the conclusion, decision, or opinion a nurse makes
Pathogens - ....ANSWER ...-Disease causing microorganisms
Infection - ....ANSWER ...-Contamination or invasion of body tissue by pathogenic
organisms
Six Components of Infection Cycle - ....ANSWER ...--Infectious Agent
-Reservoir
-Portal of Exit
-Means of Transmission
-Portals of Entry
-Susceptible Host
Virulence - ....ANSWER ...-ability to produce disease
Endemic - ....ANSWER ...-native or confined to a particular region or people
Stages of Infection - ....ANSWER ...--Incubation period
-Prodromal stage
-Full stage of illness
-Convalescent period
Asepsis - ....ANSWER ...-absence of significant contamination
…FOR STUDENTS ONLY…©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED… 2
, Transient Bacterial Flora - ....ANSWER ...-attached loosely on skin, removed with
relative ease
Resident Bacterial Flora - ....ANSWER ...-found in creases in skin, requires friction
with brush to remove
Exogenous Infection - ....ANSWER ...-Occurs when the causative organism is
acquired from other people
Endogenous Infection - ....ANSWER ...-Infection or disease originating within the
body
iatrogenic infection - ....ANSWER ...-produced by treatment or physician
Steps in Applying PPE - ....ANSWER ...-1) Gown
2) Mask
3) Goggles/Face Shield
Steps in Removing PPE - ....ANSWER ...-1) Gloves
2) Goggles/Face Shield
3) Gown
4) Mask
Types of Joints - ....ANSWER ...-fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
Fibrous Joints - ....ANSWER ...-immovable (skull)
Cartilaginous Joints - ....ANSWER ...-allow only slight movement and consist of
bones connected entirely by cartilage
…FOR STUDENTS ONLY…©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED… 3
