Assignment 3
Exceptional Response
Due July 2025
,INF1520
Assignment 3
Due 2025
Human-Computer Interaction: A Critical Examination of Design Principles,
Constraints, and Usability in Interface Development
, Introduction
Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) shapes the design and usability of digital interfaces,
aiming to optimize user experience, accessibility, and efficiency in an increasingly digital
world. This enhanced response critically interrogates key HCI dimensions, including the
QWERTY keyboard’s historical roots, interface design errors, learnability principles,
constraints, usability testing, interface types, and multimedia applications in health
services. Grounded in scholarly evidence and tailored for postgraduate-level discourse,
the analysis deepens its critical engagement by exposing assumptions, highlighting
tensions, and exploring long-term implications. Structured with precise headings,
supported by unchanged examples, theories, the discussion ensures clarity, coherence,
and logical flow, employing simple grammar for accessibility while integrating
sophisticated academic vocabulary to elevate analytical depth.
1. Keyboard Layout and Interface Design Mistakes
1.1. QWERTY Keyboard Arrangement
The QWERTY keyboard, designed by Christopher Latham Sholes in the 1860s,
arranges keys to prevent mechanical typewriter jamming by spacing frequently used
letter pairs (e.g., "th," "he") apart, prioritizing functionality over alphabetical order
(Noyes, 1983). Its persistence in modern digital interfaces stems from path
dependence, where user familiarity and entrenched standards outweigh alternatives like
Dvorak, despite limited evidence of the latter’s superior efficiency (Liebowitz and
Margolis, 1990). This durability assumes that familiarity enhances usability, yet it raises
a philosophical tension: does QWERTY’s dominance reflect optimal design, or does it
perpetuate technological lock-in, stifling ergonomic innovation? Long-term, this inertia
may hinder adaptation to diverse user needs, such as multilingual or accessibility-
focused layouts, necessitating a critical re-evaluation of standardization versus flexibility
in interface design.