,The CoachMe A&P Challenge: 2nd Ed.
Practice Questions with Step-by-Step
Answers
Table of Contents
Topic Subtopics
Unit 1 – Levels of
Organization
1.1 Overview of Anatomy & Physiology1.2
Structural Organization of the Human
Chapter 1 – An
Body1.3 Functions of Human Life1.4
Introduction to
Requirements for Human Life1.5
the Human Body
Homeostasis1.6 Anatomical
Terminology1.7 Medical Imaging
Chapter 2 – The 2.1 Elements & Atoms2.2 Chemical
Chemical Level of Bonds2.3 Chemical Reactions2.4 Inorganic
Organization Compounds2.5 Organic Compounds
3.1 The Cell Membrane3.2 Cytoplasm &
Chapter 3 – The Organelles3.3 Nucleus & DNA
Cellular Level of Replication3.4 Protein Synthesis3.5 Cell
Organization Growth & Division3.6 Cellular
Differentiation
,Topic Subtopics
Chapter 4 – The 4.1 Types of Tissues4.2 Epithelial Tissue4.3
Tissue Level of Connective Tissue4.4 Muscle Tissue4.5
Organization Nervous Tissue4.6 Tissue Injury & Aging
Unit 2 – Support
and Movement
Chapter 5 – The 5.1 Layers of the Skin5.2 Accessory
Integumentary Structures5.3 Functions of the
System Integument5.4 Diseases & Disorders
6.1 Skeletal Functions6.2 Bone
Chapter 6 – Bone Classification6.3 Bone Structure6.4 Bone
Tissue & the Formation & Development6.5 Fracture
Skeletal System Repair6.6 Nutrition, Hormones &
Exercise6.7 Calcium Homeostasis
7.1 Divisions of the Skeleton7.2 The
Chapter 7 – Axial
Skull7.3 Vertebral Column7.4 Thoracic
Skeleton
Cage7.5 Embryonic Development
Chapter 8 – 8.1 Pectoral Girdle8.2 Upper Limb Bones8.3
Appendicular Pelvic Girdle & Pelvis8.4 Lower Limb
Skeleton Bones8.5 Development
Chapter 9 – Joints 9.1 Joint Classification9.2 Fibrous Joints9.3
Cartilaginous Joints9.4 Synovial Joints9.5
,Topic Subtopics
Movements9.6 Selected Joint Anatomy9.7
Development
10.1 Muscle Tissue Overview10.2 Skeletal
Muscle10.3 Contraction & Relaxation10.4
Chapter 10 – Neural Control10.5 Fiber Types10.6
Muscle Tissue Exercise & Performance10.7 Cardiac
Muscle10.8 Smooth Muscle10.9
Development & Regeneration
11.1 Muscle Interactions & Levers11.2
Muscle Naming11.3 Head, Neck & Back
Chapter 11 – The
Muscles11.4 Abdominal & Thoracic
Muscular System
Muscles11.5 Pectoral Girdle & Upper
Limbs11.6 Pelvic Girdle & Lower Limbs
Unit 3 –
Regulation,
Integration &
Control
Chapter 12 – 12.1 NS Structure & Function12.2 Nervous
Nervous System & Tissue12.3 Tissue Function12.4 Action
Tissue Potential12.5 Neuron Communication
Chapter 13 –
13.1 Embryologic Perspective13.2 Central
Anatomy of the
NS13.3 CNS Circulation13.4 Peripheral NS
Nervous System
,Topic Subtopics
Chapter 14 – The
14.1 Sensory Perception14.2 Central
Somatic Nervous
Processing14.3 Motor Responses
System
Chapter 15 – The 15.1 ANS Divisions15.2 Autonomic
Autonomic Reflexes15.3 Central Control15.4 Drugs
Nervous System Affecting ANS
Chapter 16 – The 16.1 Exam Overview16.2 Mental Status
Neurological Exam16.3 Cranial Nerves16.4 Sensory &
Exam Motor Exams16.5 Coordination & Gait
17.1 Endocrine Overview17.2
Hormones17.3 Pituitary &
Hypothalamus17.4 Thyroid17.5
Chapter 17 – The
Parathyroids17.6 Adrenals17.7 Pineal17.8
Endocrine System
Gonadal/Placental Hormones17.9
Pancreas17.10 Secondary Endocrine
Organs17.11 Development & Aging
Unit 4 – Fluids and
Transport
18.1 Blood Overview18.2 Formed Element
Chapter 18 –
Production18.3 Erythrocytes18.4
Cardiovascular
Leukocytes & Platelets18.5 Hemostasis18.6
System: Blood
Blood Typing
,Topic Subtopics
Chapter 19 – 19.1 Heart Anatomy19.2 Cardiac Muscle &
Cardiovascular Electrophysiology19.3 Cardiac Cycle19.4
System: Heart Cardiac Physiology19.5 Heart Development
20.1 Vessel Structure & Function20.2 Flow,
Chapter 20 – Pressure & Resistance20.3 Capillary
Blood Vessels & Exchange20.4 Vascular Homeostasis20.5
Circulation Circulatory Pathways20.6 Development &
Fetal Circulation
21.1 Lymphatic & Immune Anatomy21.2
Barrier Defenses & Innate Immunity21.3
Chapter 21 –
T-Cells & Their Types21.4 B-Cells &
Lymphatic &
Antibodies21.5 Pathogen Response21.6
Immune Systems
Immune Disorders21.7 Transplantation &
Cancer Immunology
Unit 5 – Energy,
Maintenance &
Exchange
22.1 Respiratory Organs & Structures22.2
Chapter 22 – The The Lungs22.3 Breathing Mechanics22.4
Respiratory Gas Exchange22.5 Gas Transport22.6
System Functional Modifications22.7 Embryonic
Development
,Topic Subtopics
23.1 Digestive Overview23.2 Processes &
Regulation23.3 Mouth, Pharynx &
Chapter 23 – The
Esophagus23.4 Stomach23.5 Small & Large
Digestive System
Intestines23.6 Accessory Organs23.7
Chemical Digestion & Absorption
24.1 Metabolic Reactions24.2 Carbohydrate
Chapter 24 – Metabolism24.3 Lipid Metabolism24.4
Metabolism & Protein Metabolism24.5 Metabolic
Nutrition States24.6 Energy & Heat Balance24.7
Nutrition & Diet
25.1 Urine Characteristics25.2 Urine
Transport Anatomy25.3 Kidney Gross
Anatomy25.4 Kidney Microscopic
Chapter 25 – The Anatomy25.5 Urine Formation
Urinary System Physiology25.6 Tubular Reabsorption25.7
Renal Blood Flow Regulation25.8 Endocrine
Regulation25.9 Fluid Volume &
Composition25.10 Homeostatic Roles
Chapter 26 – 26.1 Body Fluids & Compartments26.2
Fluid, Electrolyte Water Balance26.3 Electrolyte Balance26.4
& Acid-Base Acid-Base Balance26.5 Acid-Base Disorders
,Topic Subtopics
Unit 6 – Human
Development &
Continuity
Chapter 27 – The 27.1 Testicular Anatomy & Physiology27.2
Reproductive Ovarian Anatomy & Physiology27.3 Male &
System Female Development
28.1 Fertilization28.2 Embryonic
Chapter 28 – Development28.3 Fetal Development28.4
Development & Pregnancy, Labor & Birth28.5 Infant
Inheritance Adjustment & Postnatal Stages28.6
Lactation28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
,Unit 1: Levels of Organization in Anatomy and Physiology,
focusing on Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 from CoachMe Enhanced
Version, 2nd Edition by OpenStax.
1. Overview of Anatomy & Physiology
Q1 (Recall): Anatomy is to ____, as physiology is to ____.
A. structure; function
B. study; organism
C. cells; tissues
D. chemistry; physics
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
A is correct. Anatomy deals with body structure;
physiology deals with function.
B is incorrect: “study; organism” misrepresents both.
C is incorrect: cells and tissues are structural levels, not the
discipline names.
D is incorrect: chemistry and physics are sciences, not
anatomy/physiology.
Q2 (Comprehension): Which statement best describes the
complimentary nature of anatomy and physiology?
A. Anatomy relies on understanding chemical reactions;
physiology relies on dissection.
, B. Understanding structure aids understanding function, and
vice versa.
C. Physiology is more complex than anatomy.
D. Anatomy focuses on cells; physiology on organs.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
B is correct. Structural form and function are
interdependent.
A is reversed and wrong.
C is subjective and unsupported.
D oversimplifies—they both span all levels.
Q3 (Application): A surgeon removes a diseased gallbladder.
Which subdiscipline was most critical?
A. Surface anatomy
B. Gross (macroscopic) anatomy
C. Histology
D. Cytology
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
B is correct: gross anatomy studies structures visible
without a microscope.
Practice Questions with Step-by-Step
Answers
Table of Contents
Topic Subtopics
Unit 1 – Levels of
Organization
1.1 Overview of Anatomy & Physiology1.2
Structural Organization of the Human
Chapter 1 – An
Body1.3 Functions of Human Life1.4
Introduction to
Requirements for Human Life1.5
the Human Body
Homeostasis1.6 Anatomical
Terminology1.7 Medical Imaging
Chapter 2 – The 2.1 Elements & Atoms2.2 Chemical
Chemical Level of Bonds2.3 Chemical Reactions2.4 Inorganic
Organization Compounds2.5 Organic Compounds
3.1 The Cell Membrane3.2 Cytoplasm &
Chapter 3 – The Organelles3.3 Nucleus & DNA
Cellular Level of Replication3.4 Protein Synthesis3.5 Cell
Organization Growth & Division3.6 Cellular
Differentiation
,Topic Subtopics
Chapter 4 – The 4.1 Types of Tissues4.2 Epithelial Tissue4.3
Tissue Level of Connective Tissue4.4 Muscle Tissue4.5
Organization Nervous Tissue4.6 Tissue Injury & Aging
Unit 2 – Support
and Movement
Chapter 5 – The 5.1 Layers of the Skin5.2 Accessory
Integumentary Structures5.3 Functions of the
System Integument5.4 Diseases & Disorders
6.1 Skeletal Functions6.2 Bone
Chapter 6 – Bone Classification6.3 Bone Structure6.4 Bone
Tissue & the Formation & Development6.5 Fracture
Skeletal System Repair6.6 Nutrition, Hormones &
Exercise6.7 Calcium Homeostasis
7.1 Divisions of the Skeleton7.2 The
Chapter 7 – Axial
Skull7.3 Vertebral Column7.4 Thoracic
Skeleton
Cage7.5 Embryonic Development
Chapter 8 – 8.1 Pectoral Girdle8.2 Upper Limb Bones8.3
Appendicular Pelvic Girdle & Pelvis8.4 Lower Limb
Skeleton Bones8.5 Development
Chapter 9 – Joints 9.1 Joint Classification9.2 Fibrous Joints9.3
Cartilaginous Joints9.4 Synovial Joints9.5
,Topic Subtopics
Movements9.6 Selected Joint Anatomy9.7
Development
10.1 Muscle Tissue Overview10.2 Skeletal
Muscle10.3 Contraction & Relaxation10.4
Chapter 10 – Neural Control10.5 Fiber Types10.6
Muscle Tissue Exercise & Performance10.7 Cardiac
Muscle10.8 Smooth Muscle10.9
Development & Regeneration
11.1 Muscle Interactions & Levers11.2
Muscle Naming11.3 Head, Neck & Back
Chapter 11 – The
Muscles11.4 Abdominal & Thoracic
Muscular System
Muscles11.5 Pectoral Girdle & Upper
Limbs11.6 Pelvic Girdle & Lower Limbs
Unit 3 –
Regulation,
Integration &
Control
Chapter 12 – 12.1 NS Structure & Function12.2 Nervous
Nervous System & Tissue12.3 Tissue Function12.4 Action
Tissue Potential12.5 Neuron Communication
Chapter 13 –
13.1 Embryologic Perspective13.2 Central
Anatomy of the
NS13.3 CNS Circulation13.4 Peripheral NS
Nervous System
,Topic Subtopics
Chapter 14 – The
14.1 Sensory Perception14.2 Central
Somatic Nervous
Processing14.3 Motor Responses
System
Chapter 15 – The 15.1 ANS Divisions15.2 Autonomic
Autonomic Reflexes15.3 Central Control15.4 Drugs
Nervous System Affecting ANS
Chapter 16 – The 16.1 Exam Overview16.2 Mental Status
Neurological Exam16.3 Cranial Nerves16.4 Sensory &
Exam Motor Exams16.5 Coordination & Gait
17.1 Endocrine Overview17.2
Hormones17.3 Pituitary &
Hypothalamus17.4 Thyroid17.5
Chapter 17 – The
Parathyroids17.6 Adrenals17.7 Pineal17.8
Endocrine System
Gonadal/Placental Hormones17.9
Pancreas17.10 Secondary Endocrine
Organs17.11 Development & Aging
Unit 4 – Fluids and
Transport
18.1 Blood Overview18.2 Formed Element
Chapter 18 –
Production18.3 Erythrocytes18.4
Cardiovascular
Leukocytes & Platelets18.5 Hemostasis18.6
System: Blood
Blood Typing
,Topic Subtopics
Chapter 19 – 19.1 Heart Anatomy19.2 Cardiac Muscle &
Cardiovascular Electrophysiology19.3 Cardiac Cycle19.4
System: Heart Cardiac Physiology19.5 Heart Development
20.1 Vessel Structure & Function20.2 Flow,
Chapter 20 – Pressure & Resistance20.3 Capillary
Blood Vessels & Exchange20.4 Vascular Homeostasis20.5
Circulation Circulatory Pathways20.6 Development &
Fetal Circulation
21.1 Lymphatic & Immune Anatomy21.2
Barrier Defenses & Innate Immunity21.3
Chapter 21 –
T-Cells & Their Types21.4 B-Cells &
Lymphatic &
Antibodies21.5 Pathogen Response21.6
Immune Systems
Immune Disorders21.7 Transplantation &
Cancer Immunology
Unit 5 – Energy,
Maintenance &
Exchange
22.1 Respiratory Organs & Structures22.2
Chapter 22 – The The Lungs22.3 Breathing Mechanics22.4
Respiratory Gas Exchange22.5 Gas Transport22.6
System Functional Modifications22.7 Embryonic
Development
,Topic Subtopics
23.1 Digestive Overview23.2 Processes &
Regulation23.3 Mouth, Pharynx &
Chapter 23 – The
Esophagus23.4 Stomach23.5 Small & Large
Digestive System
Intestines23.6 Accessory Organs23.7
Chemical Digestion & Absorption
24.1 Metabolic Reactions24.2 Carbohydrate
Chapter 24 – Metabolism24.3 Lipid Metabolism24.4
Metabolism & Protein Metabolism24.5 Metabolic
Nutrition States24.6 Energy & Heat Balance24.7
Nutrition & Diet
25.1 Urine Characteristics25.2 Urine
Transport Anatomy25.3 Kidney Gross
Anatomy25.4 Kidney Microscopic
Chapter 25 – The Anatomy25.5 Urine Formation
Urinary System Physiology25.6 Tubular Reabsorption25.7
Renal Blood Flow Regulation25.8 Endocrine
Regulation25.9 Fluid Volume &
Composition25.10 Homeostatic Roles
Chapter 26 – 26.1 Body Fluids & Compartments26.2
Fluid, Electrolyte Water Balance26.3 Electrolyte Balance26.4
& Acid-Base Acid-Base Balance26.5 Acid-Base Disorders
,Topic Subtopics
Unit 6 – Human
Development &
Continuity
Chapter 27 – The 27.1 Testicular Anatomy & Physiology27.2
Reproductive Ovarian Anatomy & Physiology27.3 Male &
System Female Development
28.1 Fertilization28.2 Embryonic
Chapter 28 – Development28.3 Fetal Development28.4
Development & Pregnancy, Labor & Birth28.5 Infant
Inheritance Adjustment & Postnatal Stages28.6
Lactation28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
,Unit 1: Levels of Organization in Anatomy and Physiology,
focusing on Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 from CoachMe Enhanced
Version, 2nd Edition by OpenStax.
1. Overview of Anatomy & Physiology
Q1 (Recall): Anatomy is to ____, as physiology is to ____.
A. structure; function
B. study; organism
C. cells; tissues
D. chemistry; physics
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
A is correct. Anatomy deals with body structure;
physiology deals with function.
B is incorrect: “study; organism” misrepresents both.
C is incorrect: cells and tissues are structural levels, not the
discipline names.
D is incorrect: chemistry and physics are sciences, not
anatomy/physiology.
Q2 (Comprehension): Which statement best describes the
complimentary nature of anatomy and physiology?
A. Anatomy relies on understanding chemical reactions;
physiology relies on dissection.
, B. Understanding structure aids understanding function, and
vice versa.
C. Physiology is more complex than anatomy.
D. Anatomy focuses on cells; physiology on organs.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
B is correct. Structural form and function are
interdependent.
A is reversed and wrong.
C is subjective and unsupported.
D oversimplifies—they both span all levels.
Q3 (Application): A surgeon removes a diseased gallbladder.
Which subdiscipline was most critical?
A. Surface anatomy
B. Gross (macroscopic) anatomy
C. Histology
D. Cytology
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
B is correct: gross anatomy studies structures visible
without a microscope.
