AQA A-level Biology
SOLUTIONS MANUAL
ALL CHAPTERS
1 Biological molecules
Monomers and polymers 1
Carbohydrates 1
Lipids 2
Proteins 3
Nucleic acids 6
ATP 8
Water 8
Inorganic ions 10
Topic review: biological molecules 10
2 Cells
Cell structure 14
Cell replication 19
Transport across cell membranes 23
Cell recognition and the immune system 26
Topic review: cells 29
3 Exchange of substances
Surface area to volume ratio 35
,Gas exchange 36
Digestion and absorption 43
Mass transport 44
Topic review: exchange of substances 51
4 Genetics, variation and diversity
DNA, genes and chromosomes 55
DNA and protein synthesis 56
Gene mutations and meiosis 58
Genetic diversity and adaptation 62
Species and taxonomy 64
Biodiversity within a community 65
Investigating diversity 67
Topic review: genetics, variation and diversity 69
5 Energy transfers
Photosynthesis 73
Respiration 76
Energy and ecosystems 80
Nutrient cycles 82
Topic review: energy transfers 84
6 Stimuli and responses
Detection of stimuli and response 89
Nervous coordination 95
Skeletal muscles 96
Homeostasis 97
Topic review: stimuli and responses 101
,7 Genetics, populations, evolution and ecosystems
Inheritance 106
Populations 109
Evolution and speciation 110
Populations in ecosystems 111
Topic review: genetics, populations, evolution and ecosystems 113
8 The control of gene expression
Gene mutation 117
Gene expression 119
Using genome projects 122
Gene technologies 123
Topic review: the control of gene expression 124
Practice exam papers
Paper 1 126
Paper 2 134
Paper 3 140
Answers 144
,
SOLUTIONS MANUAL
ALL CHAPTERS
1 Biological molecules
Monomers and polymers 1
Carbohydrates 1
Lipids 2
Proteins 3
Nucleic acids 6
ATP 8
Water 8
Inorganic ions 10
Topic review: biological molecules 10
2 Cells
Cell structure 14
Cell replication 19
Transport across cell membranes 23
Cell recognition and the immune system 26
Topic review: cells 29
3 Exchange of substances
Surface area to volume ratio 35
,Gas exchange 36
Digestion and absorption 43
Mass transport 44
Topic review: exchange of substances 51
4 Genetics, variation and diversity
DNA, genes and chromosomes 55
DNA and protein synthesis 56
Gene mutations and meiosis 58
Genetic diversity and adaptation 62
Species and taxonomy 64
Biodiversity within a community 65
Investigating diversity 67
Topic review: genetics, variation and diversity 69
5 Energy transfers
Photosynthesis 73
Respiration 76
Energy and ecosystems 80
Nutrient cycles 82
Topic review: energy transfers 84
6 Stimuli and responses
Detection of stimuli and response 89
Nervous coordination 95
Skeletal muscles 96
Homeostasis 97
Topic review: stimuli and responses 101
,7 Genetics, populations, evolution and ecosystems
Inheritance 106
Populations 109
Evolution and speciation 110
Populations in ecosystems 111
Topic review: genetics, populations, evolution and ecosystems 113
8 The control of gene expression
Gene mutation 117
Gene expression 119
Using genome projects 122
Gene technologies 123
Topic review: the control of gene expression 124
Practice exam papers
Paper 1 126
Paper 2 134
Paper 3 140
Answers 144
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