NURS 5315 UTA RESPIRATORY : QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

NURS 5315 UTA RESPIRATORY : QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS


What makes up the conducting airway zone? Right Ans - Extra- thoracic
and Intra thoracic structures

What are the extra thoracic structures? Right Ans - Nose, pharynx, larynx,
trachea

What are the Intra- Thoracic structures? Right Ans - Bronchi, Bronchioles,
trachea

What structures make up the respiratory zone? Right Ans - Terminal
bronchioles, Alveoli, Alveolar capillaries

What 4 factors effect the muscles in the bronchi and bronchioles? And how do
they aid in muscle muscle movement? Right Ans - 1. Epinephrine - relax
smooth muscle
2. Acetylcholine - aid in the contraction of bronchiolar and smooth muscle
bronchoconstriction
3. Leukotrienes- constriction
4. Histamines and substances from mast cells ( anaphylaxis) - constriction

What are the 3 ways that Intra thoracic pressure changes that result in air
movement into and out of the alveoli? Right Ans - 1. Pleural Pressure :
normally-5cm H2O, when chest expands pressure decreases to -7.5 cm H2O
which leads to increase suction forces pulling lungs with rib cage

2. Alveolar Pressure: pressure in alveoli= pressure in respiratory tree when
glottis is open= atmospheric pressure is 0 cm H2O
-expands and pressure decrease -1cmH2O moving air into lungs, recoil and
pressure increase to +1 cmH2O moving air out of lungs

3. Trans pulmonary Pressure: pressure difference between pleural and
alveolar pressure. Elastic forces that cause lung collapse at the end of

,exhalation are counteracted by PEEP ( positive end expiratory pressure),
surfactant, and closed glottis.

How does a pneumothorax disrupt Intra thoracic pressure and change air
movement? Right Ans - The pleural space is breached introducing air and
causing the lung to collapse. Alveolar pressure becomes equal to pleural
pressure causing the lung to not move.

What are the 2 goals of respiration? Right Ans - 1. Provide O2 for the body
to use to make energy ( ATP)
2. Remove carbon dioxide( by-product of metabolism) from the body

What are the 4 steps in respiration? Right Ans - 1. Ventilation
2. Gas exchange
3. Perfusion
4. Transport

Define ventilation Right Ans - Movement of air in and out of the lungs

Define gas exchange Right Ans - Diffusion of O2( oxygenation) and CO2
between alveoli in the in the lungs and blood

Define perfusion Right Ans - Movement of blood into and out of the
capillary beds

Define transport Right Ans - Movement of O2 and CO2 via blood and
circulatory system

What are Intra- thoracic respiratory structures dependent upon to maintain
patency? Right Ans - Pressure

What lines the respiratory passages? Right Ans - 1. Goblet cells- secret
mucous
2. Cilia- clear debris from airways and keep airways moist

What blocks the pharynx airway when eating? Right Ans - Epiglottis

, Where respiratory structure originates from the glottis?
B B B B B B BBBBBBB Right Ans - B B


Vocal cords
B B




What respiratory structure isn't active in infants?
B B B B B B BBBBBBB Right Ans - Epiglottis
B B B




What must remain patent to allow air passage in the respiratory structures?
B B B B B B B B B B B


Right Ans - Conducting zones
BBBBBBB B B B B




What do the sympathetic nerve fibers act on to relax respiratory smooth
B B B B B B B B B B B


muscle?
B Right Ans - Beta 2 receptors
BBBBBBB B B B B B




Where do the parasympathetic nerve fibers that innervate the respiratory
B B B B B B B B B


smooth muscles originate from?
B BRight Ans - Vagus nerve B B BBBBBBB B B B B




What substances produced by lung cells and lung endothelium affect
B B B B B B B B B


respiratory smooth muscles?
B Right Ans - 1. Leukotrienes - constriction
B B BBBBBBB B B B B B B


2 Histamine and substances from mast cells( anaphylaxis) =constriction
B B B B B B B B




Define pleura B BBBBBBB Right Ans - Tissue lining the lungs and rib cage
B B B B B B B B B




Where is the visceral pleura located?
B B B B B BBBBBBB Right Ans - Connected to the lungs
B B B B B B




Where is the parietal pleura located?
B B B B B BBBBBBB Right Ans - Connected to the rib
B B B B B B


cage
B




What determines airway resistance?
B B B BBBBBBB Right Ans - The diameter of the
B B B B B B


conducting zones
B B




A 1 mm change in airway diameter due to edema leaves what percentage
B B B B B B B B B B B B


patent in adults vs neonates?
B B Right Ans - 81% adults
B B B BBBBBBB B B B B


44% in neonates- cause more difficulty in breathing during a respiratory
B B B B B B B B B B


infection & more symptomatic
B B B B




What is the purpose of the diaphragm?
B B B B B B BBBBBBB Right Ans - Adjust size of the B B B B B B


chest cavity
B B




What direction does the lungs move during a diaphragmatic contraction?
B B B B B B B B B BBBBB


Right Ans - Lungs pulled down during inhalation
BB B B B B B B B