BIOLOGY 106 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS!!
matter - ANSWERanything that takes up space and has mass
element - ANSWERbasic building block of matter
hydrophilic - ANSWERmolecule that attract H20
hydrophobic - ANSWERcannot attract H20
polar - ANSWERslightly changed yet neutral molecules, dissolve in H20
nonpolar - ANSWERelectrically neutral, don't dissolve in H20
adhesion - ANSWERH20 to surface
cohesion - ANSWERH20 to H20
atom - ANSWERsmallest unit of an element composed of protons
molecule - ANSWERatoms of same type bonded together
compound - ANSWERdifferent atoms bonded together all compounds and
molecules, not all molecules are compounds.
chemical bond - ANSWERattraction between atoms that enables the formation of
molecules.
covalent bond - ANSWERa principal force that holds atoms together, electrons are
shared. may be single, double, triple.
ionic bond - ANSWERattraction between oppositely charged atom. donating or
accepting electrons.
hydrogen bond - ANSWERweak covalent bond, usually between H+ and O2 or N2.
responsible for properties of H20.
water - ANSWERuniversal solvent, substances dissolve into it.
solute - ANSWERdissolved substance
solution - ANSWERsolvent and solute
acid/base - ANSWERmolecule that donates H+ in H20/OH+
, pH scale - ANSWERmeasures amount of hydrogen ions. 7 is neutral, above 7 base,
below 7 acid. Pure water is neutral.
buffer - ANSWERsubstance that tend to resist changes in pH and help maintain
physiological pH. human blood is 7.4
macromolecule - ANSWERmolecule that contains many subunits
synthesis - ANSWERproduction or macromolecule, dehydration reaction.
catabolism - ANSWERbreaking down, hydrolysis reaction add H20 which breaks
bonds.
metabolism - ANSWERall the chemical reactions that occur in cell. all biological must
follow the laws of chemistry and physics. Most reactions require energy in the form
of ATP.
carbohydrates - ANSWERsugars, monomeric unit is monosaccharide.
(animals=glycogen, plants=starch). function is ENERGY
Lipids - ANSWERfats, monomeric unit is glycerol and fatty acids. function is long
term STORAGE, membrane structure. HYDROPHOBIC. fatty acids- saturated vs
unsaturated, cis vs. trans bond. Phospholipid. Cholesterol.
Phospholipid - ANSWERpolar head, non polar tail, involved in membrane structure.
Proteins - ANSWERmonomeric unit is amino acid (peptide, polypeptide, protein).
Functions- enzymes, antibodies, support, keratin, transport molecules, motion,
hormones. Peptide bond.
Peptide bond - ANSWERcovalent bond that acts like a double bond and prevents
rotation.
rough ER - ANSWERcontains ribosomes (proteins), site of protein synthesis.
proteins enters ER from ribosome for modification and processing.
smooth ER - ANSWERno ribosomes (lipids). synthesizes lipids. Liver detoxifies
drugs.
Golgi - ANSWERmodification processing, packaging, secretion of proteins and lipids.
Lysosomes - ANSWERbreak down and digest FOREIGN or unwanted substances
with acids or enzymes.
Vessicles - ANSWERtransport from golgi to plasma membrane
4 Levels of protein structure - ANSWERprimary= AA sequence, secondary= a helix
or sheet, tertiary= 3D shape, quarternary= two or more polypeptides.
ANSWERS!!
matter - ANSWERanything that takes up space and has mass
element - ANSWERbasic building block of matter
hydrophilic - ANSWERmolecule that attract H20
hydrophobic - ANSWERcannot attract H20
polar - ANSWERslightly changed yet neutral molecules, dissolve in H20
nonpolar - ANSWERelectrically neutral, don't dissolve in H20
adhesion - ANSWERH20 to surface
cohesion - ANSWERH20 to H20
atom - ANSWERsmallest unit of an element composed of protons
molecule - ANSWERatoms of same type bonded together
compound - ANSWERdifferent atoms bonded together all compounds and
molecules, not all molecules are compounds.
chemical bond - ANSWERattraction between atoms that enables the formation of
molecules.
covalent bond - ANSWERa principal force that holds atoms together, electrons are
shared. may be single, double, triple.
ionic bond - ANSWERattraction between oppositely charged atom. donating or
accepting electrons.
hydrogen bond - ANSWERweak covalent bond, usually between H+ and O2 or N2.
responsible for properties of H20.
water - ANSWERuniversal solvent, substances dissolve into it.
solute - ANSWERdissolved substance
solution - ANSWERsolvent and solute
acid/base - ANSWERmolecule that donates H+ in H20/OH+
, pH scale - ANSWERmeasures amount of hydrogen ions. 7 is neutral, above 7 base,
below 7 acid. Pure water is neutral.
buffer - ANSWERsubstance that tend to resist changes in pH and help maintain
physiological pH. human blood is 7.4
macromolecule - ANSWERmolecule that contains many subunits
synthesis - ANSWERproduction or macromolecule, dehydration reaction.
catabolism - ANSWERbreaking down, hydrolysis reaction add H20 which breaks
bonds.
metabolism - ANSWERall the chemical reactions that occur in cell. all biological must
follow the laws of chemistry and physics. Most reactions require energy in the form
of ATP.
carbohydrates - ANSWERsugars, monomeric unit is monosaccharide.
(animals=glycogen, plants=starch). function is ENERGY
Lipids - ANSWERfats, monomeric unit is glycerol and fatty acids. function is long
term STORAGE, membrane structure. HYDROPHOBIC. fatty acids- saturated vs
unsaturated, cis vs. trans bond. Phospholipid. Cholesterol.
Phospholipid - ANSWERpolar head, non polar tail, involved in membrane structure.
Proteins - ANSWERmonomeric unit is amino acid (peptide, polypeptide, protein).
Functions- enzymes, antibodies, support, keratin, transport molecules, motion,
hormones. Peptide bond.
Peptide bond - ANSWERcovalent bond that acts like a double bond and prevents
rotation.
rough ER - ANSWERcontains ribosomes (proteins), site of protein synthesis.
proteins enters ER from ribosome for modification and processing.
smooth ER - ANSWERno ribosomes (lipids). synthesizes lipids. Liver detoxifies
drugs.
Golgi - ANSWERmodification processing, packaging, secretion of proteins and lipids.
Lysosomes - ANSWERbreak down and digest FOREIGN or unwanted substances
with acids or enzymes.
Vessicles - ANSWERtransport from golgi to plasma membrane
4 Levels of protein structure - ANSWERprimary= AA sequence, secondary= a helix
or sheet, tertiary= 3D shape, quarternary= two or more polypeptides.
