NGR5149
Advanced Pathophysiology
Midterm Exam
2025
A healthcare professional is educating a patient about asthma. The professional states
that good control is necessary due to which pathophysiologic process?
Selected Uncontrolled inflammation leads to increased bronchial
Answer: hyperresponsiveness and eventual scarring.
• Question 3
1 out of 1 points
What is an expected change in the cardiovascular system that occurs with aging?
Selected Arterial
Answer: stiffening
• Question 4
0 out of 1 points
People diagnosed with neurofibromatosis have varying degrees of the condition because
of which genetic principle?
Selected Dominan
Answer: ce
• Question 5
0 out of 1 points
When endothelial cells are injured, what alteration contributes to atherosclerosis?
Selected The release of toxic oxygen radicals that oxidize low-density
Answer: lipoproteins (LDLs)
• Question 6
1 out of 1 points
A healthcare professional cares for older adults in a skilled nursing facility. What should
the professional assess for in these individuals related to cardiovascular functioning?
Selected Increased rate of falling and dizzy
Answer: spells
,• Question 7
0 out of 1 points
What physical sign does the healthcare professional relate to the result of turbulent
blood flow through a vessel?
Selected Bounding pulse felt on
Answer: palpation
What are tumor cell markers?
Selected Hormones, enzymes, antigens, and antibodies that are produced
Answer: by cancer cells
• Question 9
0 out of 1 points
Once they have penetrated the first line of defense, which microorganisms do natural
killer (NK) cells actively attack?
Selected Bacteri
Answer: a
• Question 10
1 out of 1 points
Which gastric hormone inhibits acid and pepsinogen secretion, as well as decreases the
release of gastrin?
Selected Somatosta
Answer: tin
• Question 11
1 out of 1 points
What is the single most common cause of cellular injury?
Selected Hypoxic
Answer: injury
• Question 12
1 out of 1 points
A professor has taught the students about the sources of increased ammonia in patients
with hepatic encephalopathy. What statement by a student indicates the professor
should review this material?
Selected Accumulation of short-chain fatty acids are a source of
, Answer: increased ammonia.
• Question 13
1 out of 1 points
Surfactant produced by type II alveolar cells facilitates alveolar distention and
ventilation by which mechanism?
Selected Decreasing surface tension in the
Answer: alveoli
• Question 14
1 out of 1 points
A patient is brought to the Emergency Department with a gunshot wound to the chest.
The healthcare professional assesses an abnormality involving a pleural rupture that
acts as a one-way valve, permitting air to enter on inspiration but preventing its escape
by closing during expiration. What action by the healthcare professional is the priority?
Selected Assist with a chest tube
Answer: insertion.
• Question 15
1 out of 1 points
What is the only surface inside the nephron where cells are covered with microvilli to
increase the reabsorptive surface area called?
Selected Proximal convoluted
Answer: tubules
• Question 16
1 out of 1 points
A patient is having an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. What action by the
healthcare professional is best?
Selected Give the patient an
Answer: antihistamine.
• Question 17
1 out of 1 points
A patient has been diagnosed with a renal stone. Based on knowledge of common stone
types, what self-care measure does the healthcare professional plan to teach the patient
when stone analysis has returned?
Selected Ingest 1000 mg of calcium
Answer: a day.
• Question 18
, 1 out of 1 points
Which hormone is required for water to be reabsorbed in the distal tubule and collecting
duct?
Selected Antidiuretic
Answer: hormone
• Question 19
1 out of 1 points
The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the sinoatrial (SA) node
because of what reason?
Selected It depolarizes more rapidly than other automatic cells of
Answer: the heart.
• Question 20
1 out of 1 points
What is one function of the tumor cell marker?
Selected To screen individuals at high risk for
Answer: cancer
• Question 21
1 out of 1 points
When comparing the clinical manifestations of both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and
hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS), which condition is
associated with only DKA?
Selected Kussmaul
Answer: respirations
• Question 22
1 out of 1 points
Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
Selected Increased retention of
Answer: water
• Question 23
0 out of 1 points
The student wants information about a patient's renal function. What test does the
healthcare professional tell the student to evaluate?
Selected Serum blood urea nitrogen and
Answer: creatinine
Advanced Pathophysiology
Midterm Exam
2025
A healthcare professional is educating a patient about asthma. The professional states
that good control is necessary due to which pathophysiologic process?
Selected Uncontrolled inflammation leads to increased bronchial
Answer: hyperresponsiveness and eventual scarring.
• Question 3
1 out of 1 points
What is an expected change in the cardiovascular system that occurs with aging?
Selected Arterial
Answer: stiffening
• Question 4
0 out of 1 points
People diagnosed with neurofibromatosis have varying degrees of the condition because
of which genetic principle?
Selected Dominan
Answer: ce
• Question 5
0 out of 1 points
When endothelial cells are injured, what alteration contributes to atherosclerosis?
Selected The release of toxic oxygen radicals that oxidize low-density
Answer: lipoproteins (LDLs)
• Question 6
1 out of 1 points
A healthcare professional cares for older adults in a skilled nursing facility. What should
the professional assess for in these individuals related to cardiovascular functioning?
Selected Increased rate of falling and dizzy
Answer: spells
,• Question 7
0 out of 1 points
What physical sign does the healthcare professional relate to the result of turbulent
blood flow through a vessel?
Selected Bounding pulse felt on
Answer: palpation
What are tumor cell markers?
Selected Hormones, enzymes, antigens, and antibodies that are produced
Answer: by cancer cells
• Question 9
0 out of 1 points
Once they have penetrated the first line of defense, which microorganisms do natural
killer (NK) cells actively attack?
Selected Bacteri
Answer: a
• Question 10
1 out of 1 points
Which gastric hormone inhibits acid and pepsinogen secretion, as well as decreases the
release of gastrin?
Selected Somatosta
Answer: tin
• Question 11
1 out of 1 points
What is the single most common cause of cellular injury?
Selected Hypoxic
Answer: injury
• Question 12
1 out of 1 points
A professor has taught the students about the sources of increased ammonia in patients
with hepatic encephalopathy. What statement by a student indicates the professor
should review this material?
Selected Accumulation of short-chain fatty acids are a source of
, Answer: increased ammonia.
• Question 13
1 out of 1 points
Surfactant produced by type II alveolar cells facilitates alveolar distention and
ventilation by which mechanism?
Selected Decreasing surface tension in the
Answer: alveoli
• Question 14
1 out of 1 points
A patient is brought to the Emergency Department with a gunshot wound to the chest.
The healthcare professional assesses an abnormality involving a pleural rupture that
acts as a one-way valve, permitting air to enter on inspiration but preventing its escape
by closing during expiration. What action by the healthcare professional is the priority?
Selected Assist with a chest tube
Answer: insertion.
• Question 15
1 out of 1 points
What is the only surface inside the nephron where cells are covered with microvilli to
increase the reabsorptive surface area called?
Selected Proximal convoluted
Answer: tubules
• Question 16
1 out of 1 points
A patient is having an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. What action by the
healthcare professional is best?
Selected Give the patient an
Answer: antihistamine.
• Question 17
1 out of 1 points
A patient has been diagnosed with a renal stone. Based on knowledge of common stone
types, what self-care measure does the healthcare professional plan to teach the patient
when stone analysis has returned?
Selected Ingest 1000 mg of calcium
Answer: a day.
• Question 18
, 1 out of 1 points
Which hormone is required for water to be reabsorbed in the distal tubule and collecting
duct?
Selected Antidiuretic
Answer: hormone
• Question 19
1 out of 1 points
The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the sinoatrial (SA) node
because of what reason?
Selected It depolarizes more rapidly than other automatic cells of
Answer: the heart.
• Question 20
1 out of 1 points
What is one function of the tumor cell marker?
Selected To screen individuals at high risk for
Answer: cancer
• Question 21
1 out of 1 points
When comparing the clinical manifestations of both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and
hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS), which condition is
associated with only DKA?
Selected Kussmaul
Answer: respirations
• Question 22
1 out of 1 points
Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
Selected Increased retention of
Answer: water
• Question 23
0 out of 1 points
The student wants information about a patient's renal function. What test does the
healthcare professional tell the student to evaluate?
Selected Serum blood urea nitrogen and
Answer: creatinine
