MSN570
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ACROSS
THE LIFESPAN
MIDTERM EXAM
2025
What is the direct action of atrial natriuretic hormone?
Sodium retention
Sodium excretion
Water retention
Water excretion
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) inhibit the
secretion of renin, inhibit angiotensin-induced secretion of aldosterone, vasodilate
the afferent and constrict the efferent glomerular arterioles, and inhibit sodium and
water absorption by kidney tubules. The other actions are not a result of the atrial
natriuretic hormone.
Question 4
Which statement best describes a Schilling test?
,Administration of radioactive cobalamin and the measurement of its excretion in
the urine to test for vitamin B12 deficiency
Measurement of antigen-antibody immune complexes in the blood to test for
hemolytic anemia
Measurement of serum ferritin and total iron-binding capacity in the blood to test
for iron deficiency anemia
Administration of folate and measurement in 2 hours of its level in a blood sample
to test for folic acid deficiency anemia.
The Schilling test indirectly evaluates vitamin B12 absorption by administering
radioactive B12 and measuring excretion in the urine. This selection is the only
option that accurately describes a Schilling test.
Question 5
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can occur if the mother:
Is Rh-positive and the fetus is Rh-negative
Is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive
Has type A blood and the fetus has type O
Has type AB blood and the fetus has type B
HDN can occur only if antigens on fetal erythrocytes differ from antigens on
maternal erythrocytes. Maternal-fetal incompatibility exists only if the mother and
fetus differ in ABO blood type or if the fetus is Rh-positive and the mother is Rh-
,negative. This erythrocyte incompatibility does not exist in any of the other
options.
Question 6
Which T-lymphocyte phenotype is the key determinant of childhood asthma?
Cluster of differentiation (CD) 4 T-helper Th1 lymphocytes
CD4 T-helper Th2 lymphocytes
CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Memory T lymphocytes
Asthma develops because the Th2 response (in which CD4 T-helper cells produce
specific cytokines, such as interleukin [IL]–4, IL-5, and IL-13) promotes an atopic
and allergic response in the airways. This selection is the only option that
accurately identifies the appropriate T-lymphocyte phenotype.
Question 7
Perceived stress elicits an emotional, anticipatory response that begins where?
Prefrontal cortex
Anterior pituitary
Limbic system
, Hypothalamus
Perceived stressors elicit an anticipatory response that begins in the limbic system
of the brain, the only option responsible for emotions and cognition.
Question 8
Hypersensitivity is best defined as a(an):
Disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens
Immunologic reaction of one person to the tissue of another person
Altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease
Undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens
Hypersensitivity is an altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in
disease or damage to the host. The other options are not accurate definitions of
hypersensitivity.
Question 9
It has been determined that a tumor is in stage 2. What is the meaning of this
finding?
Cancer is confined to the organ of origin.
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ACROSS
THE LIFESPAN
MIDTERM EXAM
2025
What is the direct action of atrial natriuretic hormone?
Sodium retention
Sodium excretion
Water retention
Water excretion
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) inhibit the
secretion of renin, inhibit angiotensin-induced secretion of aldosterone, vasodilate
the afferent and constrict the efferent glomerular arterioles, and inhibit sodium and
water absorption by kidney tubules. The other actions are not a result of the atrial
natriuretic hormone.
Question 4
Which statement best describes a Schilling test?
,Administration of radioactive cobalamin and the measurement of its excretion in
the urine to test for vitamin B12 deficiency
Measurement of antigen-antibody immune complexes in the blood to test for
hemolytic anemia
Measurement of serum ferritin and total iron-binding capacity in the blood to test
for iron deficiency anemia
Administration of folate and measurement in 2 hours of its level in a blood sample
to test for folic acid deficiency anemia.
The Schilling test indirectly evaluates vitamin B12 absorption by administering
radioactive B12 and measuring excretion in the urine. This selection is the only
option that accurately describes a Schilling test.
Question 5
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can occur if the mother:
Is Rh-positive and the fetus is Rh-negative
Is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive
Has type A blood and the fetus has type O
Has type AB blood and the fetus has type B
HDN can occur only if antigens on fetal erythrocytes differ from antigens on
maternal erythrocytes. Maternal-fetal incompatibility exists only if the mother and
fetus differ in ABO blood type or if the fetus is Rh-positive and the mother is Rh-
,negative. This erythrocyte incompatibility does not exist in any of the other
options.
Question 6
Which T-lymphocyte phenotype is the key determinant of childhood asthma?
Cluster of differentiation (CD) 4 T-helper Th1 lymphocytes
CD4 T-helper Th2 lymphocytes
CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Memory T lymphocytes
Asthma develops because the Th2 response (in which CD4 T-helper cells produce
specific cytokines, such as interleukin [IL]–4, IL-5, and IL-13) promotes an atopic
and allergic response in the airways. This selection is the only option that
accurately identifies the appropriate T-lymphocyte phenotype.
Question 7
Perceived stress elicits an emotional, anticipatory response that begins where?
Prefrontal cortex
Anterior pituitary
Limbic system
, Hypothalamus
Perceived stressors elicit an anticipatory response that begins in the limbic system
of the brain, the only option responsible for emotions and cognition.
Question 8
Hypersensitivity is best defined as a(an):
Disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens
Immunologic reaction of one person to the tissue of another person
Altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease
Undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens
Hypersensitivity is an altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in
disease or damage to the host. The other options are not accurate definitions of
hypersensitivity.
Question 9
It has been determined that a tumor is in stage 2. What is the meaning of this
finding?
Cancer is confined to the organ of origin.
