NR 565 PHARMACOLOGY WEEK 1 WITH ALL CORRECT
& VERIFIED ANSWERS (UPDATED TO PASS)
Pharmacokinetics Correct answer-The study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and
excretion in the body
"What the body does to the drug"
Factors that affect drug absorption (5) Correct answer-Rate of dissolution
Surface area
Blood flow
Lipid solubility
PH partitioning
Factors that affect drug distribution (4) Correct answer-Blood flow to tissues
Ability to exit vascular system
Blood-brain barrier
Protein-binding capacity
Pharmacodynamics Correct answer-The study of biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs on
the body and the molecular mechanisms by which those effects are produced
"What the body does to the drug"
Phamacodynamics: 3 mechanisms of action Correct answer-Receptor
Enzyme
Non-selective interactions (i.e. chemo)
Types of drug therapy (7) Correct answer-Acute
Maintenance (HTN/bc)
Supplemental (insulin)
Palliative
Supportive (IV fluid)
Prophylactic
Empirical (broad-spectrum abx)
Idiosyncratic Effect Correct answer-Unexpected response to medication
Tolerance Correct answer-Declining response to a drug
Dependence Correct answer-Physiological/psychological need for a drug; needs drug for normal
function
Addiction Correct answer-Compulsive use of a drug despite negative/dangerous effects
Drug interactions: drug-drug Correct answer-When 2 drugs compete for metabolizing enzymes
Drug interactions: food-drug Correct answer-Grapefruit juice or leafy greens
Drug interactions: additive Correct answer-1+1 = 2; both provide intended effect
Drug interactions: antagonistic Correct answer-1+1 = <2; less than desired effect of one or both
drugs
, Drug interactions: synergistic Correct answer-1+1 = >2; sum total effect is greater than if given
alone (i.e. lisinopril + HCTZ)
Drug interactions: incompatibility Correct answer-1+1 does not equal 2; two IV drugs given
together causing decomposition of one or both drugs
8 rights of medication administration Correct answer-Patient
Medication
Dose
Route
Time
Reason
Response
Documentation
Adverse reactions: pharmacologic Correct answer-Extension of a drug's normal effect
Adverse reactions: Allergic/hypersensitivity Correct answer-Exaggerated immune response (i.e.
mild itching to anaphylaxis)
Adverse reactions: idiosyncratic Correct answer-Peculiar to the patient
Adverse reactions: drug reaction Correct answer-Most complex, difficult to determine
Teratogenic effects Correct answer-Causes birth defects
Mutagenic effects Correct answer-Able to cause changes in genetic tissue
Carcinogen Correct answer-Substances that can cause cancer
Toxicology Correct answer-The study of adverse effects of chemicals and their compounds on living
organisms and tissues
4 components of pharmacokinetics Correct answer-Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Onset of action Correct answer-The time it takes for medication to take effect
Time to peak effect Correct answer-Time before medication is at height of effect
Duration of action Correct answer-How long therapeutic effect lasts
Half-life Correct answer-Time required for half of a chemical to be eliminated
Steady state Correct answer-Amount of drug going in = amount of drug going out
Peak Correct answer-Highest level of the drug achieved
Trough Correct answer-The level of a drug concentration immediately before next dose
& VERIFIED ANSWERS (UPDATED TO PASS)
Pharmacokinetics Correct answer-The study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and
excretion in the body
"What the body does to the drug"
Factors that affect drug absorption (5) Correct answer-Rate of dissolution
Surface area
Blood flow
Lipid solubility
PH partitioning
Factors that affect drug distribution (4) Correct answer-Blood flow to tissues
Ability to exit vascular system
Blood-brain barrier
Protein-binding capacity
Pharmacodynamics Correct answer-The study of biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs on
the body and the molecular mechanisms by which those effects are produced
"What the body does to the drug"
Phamacodynamics: 3 mechanisms of action Correct answer-Receptor
Enzyme
Non-selective interactions (i.e. chemo)
Types of drug therapy (7) Correct answer-Acute
Maintenance (HTN/bc)
Supplemental (insulin)
Palliative
Supportive (IV fluid)
Prophylactic
Empirical (broad-spectrum abx)
Idiosyncratic Effect Correct answer-Unexpected response to medication
Tolerance Correct answer-Declining response to a drug
Dependence Correct answer-Physiological/psychological need for a drug; needs drug for normal
function
Addiction Correct answer-Compulsive use of a drug despite negative/dangerous effects
Drug interactions: drug-drug Correct answer-When 2 drugs compete for metabolizing enzymes
Drug interactions: food-drug Correct answer-Grapefruit juice or leafy greens
Drug interactions: additive Correct answer-1+1 = 2; both provide intended effect
Drug interactions: antagonistic Correct answer-1+1 = <2; less than desired effect of one or both
drugs
, Drug interactions: synergistic Correct answer-1+1 = >2; sum total effect is greater than if given
alone (i.e. lisinopril + HCTZ)
Drug interactions: incompatibility Correct answer-1+1 does not equal 2; two IV drugs given
together causing decomposition of one or both drugs
8 rights of medication administration Correct answer-Patient
Medication
Dose
Route
Time
Reason
Response
Documentation
Adverse reactions: pharmacologic Correct answer-Extension of a drug's normal effect
Adverse reactions: Allergic/hypersensitivity Correct answer-Exaggerated immune response (i.e.
mild itching to anaphylaxis)
Adverse reactions: idiosyncratic Correct answer-Peculiar to the patient
Adverse reactions: drug reaction Correct answer-Most complex, difficult to determine
Teratogenic effects Correct answer-Causes birth defects
Mutagenic effects Correct answer-Able to cause changes in genetic tissue
Carcinogen Correct answer-Substances that can cause cancer
Toxicology Correct answer-The study of adverse effects of chemicals and their compounds on living
organisms and tissues
4 components of pharmacokinetics Correct answer-Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Onset of action Correct answer-The time it takes for medication to take effect
Time to peak effect Correct answer-Time before medication is at height of effect
Duration of action Correct answer-How long therapeutic effect lasts
Half-life Correct answer-Time required for half of a chemical to be eliminated
Steady state Correct answer-Amount of drug going in = amount of drug going out
Peak Correct answer-Highest level of the drug achieved
Trough Correct answer-The level of a drug concentration immediately before next dose
