BOD Exam 2 Study Guide 2025
1. Migration of leukocytes directly toward a foreign substance or injured tissue is called
A. diapedesis
b. Exudation
c. emigration
d. anaphylaxis
e. chemotaxis - correct answer e. chemotaxis
2. Multinucleated giant cells of the foreign body type originate from
A. nuclear division of granulocytes
B. atypical regeneration of epithelium
C. megakaryocytes
D. fusion or nuclear division of macrophages
E. multiplication of nuclei in surrounding Fibroblast - correct answer D. fusion or nuclear
division of macrophages
3. The warmth of an acutely inflamed skin lesion is due to
A. Exudation
B. fever
C. hyperemia
D. proteolytic enzymes
E. thrombosis - correct answer C. hyperemia
4. Inflammation is best defined as
A. response to vascularized tissues to infection or cellular injury.
B. Exudation of polymorphonuclear leucocytes
C. hemodynamic changes as a result of injury
D. increased vascular permeability due to Chemical mediators
E. local reaction of tissue to injury - correct answer A. response to vascularized tissues to
infection or cellular injury.
,5. Migration of leukocytes directly toward a foreign substance or an injured tissue is
A. diapedesis
B. Exudation
C. emigration
D. anaphylaxis
E. chemotaxis - correct answer E. chemotaxis
6. Which part of the microcirculation is most consistently involved in the permeability changes
and A. exudation of acute inflammation?
B. small arteries
C. arterioles
D. capillaries
E. venules - correct answer E. venules
7. The principal cells of granulation tissue are
A. fibroblasts and endothelial cells
B. macrophages and giant cells
C. lymphocytes and plasma cells
D. osteocytes and chondrocytes
E. neutrophils and macrophages - correct answer A. fibroblasts and endothelial cells
8. Which of the following is most characteristic of repair?
A. exudate
B. fibrin
C. giant cells
D. granulation tissue
E. granuloma - correct answer D. granulation tissue
9. The process in the figure below represents.
A. Fibrinous inflammation
B. Serous inflammation
, C. Purulent (suppurative) inflammation
D. Granulomatous inflammation
E. Ulcer - correct answer C. Purulent (suppurative) inflammation
10. A 53-year-old woman has had a high fever and cough productive of yellowish sputum for
the past two days. Her vital signs include a temperature of 37.8° C, pulse 103/min, respiration
of 25/min, and blood pressure of 100/60 mm Hg. On auscultation of the chest, crackles are
audible in both lung bases. A chest radiograph shows bilateral patchy pulmonary infiltrates. The
microscopic appearance of her lung is in the figure. Which inflammatory cell types are most
likely to be seen in significantly increased numbers in her sputum specimen?
A. Langhans giant cells
B. Macrophages
C. Mast cells
D. Neutrophils
E. T lymphocytes - correct answer D. Neutrophils
11. A 24-year-old, sexually active woman has experienced lower abdominal pain for the past
day. Her temperature is 37.9° C, and the left lower abdomen is markedly tender on palpation.
Laboratory findings include a total WBC count of 29,000/mm3 with 75% segmented
neutrophils, 6% bands, 14% lymphocytes, and 5% monocytes. Laparotomy reveals a distended,
fluid-filled, reddened left fallopian tube near rupture. She undergoes a left salpingectomy.
Which of the following is most likely to be seen on microscopic examination of the excised
fallopian tube?
A. Fibroblastic proliferation
B. Langhans giant cells
C. Liquefactive necrosis
D. Mononuclear infiltrates
E. Squamous metaplasia - correct answer C. Liquefactive necrosis
12. A 68-year-old man has had worsening shortness of breath for the past week. On physical
examination, his temperature was 38.3 C. On percussion, there is dullness over the left lung
fields. Thoracentesis on the left pleural cavity yields 800 mL of cloudy yellow fluid with a WBC
count of 2500/mm3 with 98% neutrophils and 2% lymphocytes. A Gram stain of the fluid shows
gram-positive cocci in clusters. Which of the following terms best describes the process
occurring in his left pleural cavity?
1. Migration of leukocytes directly toward a foreign substance or injured tissue is called
A. diapedesis
b. Exudation
c. emigration
d. anaphylaxis
e. chemotaxis - correct answer e. chemotaxis
2. Multinucleated giant cells of the foreign body type originate from
A. nuclear division of granulocytes
B. atypical regeneration of epithelium
C. megakaryocytes
D. fusion or nuclear division of macrophages
E. multiplication of nuclei in surrounding Fibroblast - correct answer D. fusion or nuclear
division of macrophages
3. The warmth of an acutely inflamed skin lesion is due to
A. Exudation
B. fever
C. hyperemia
D. proteolytic enzymes
E. thrombosis - correct answer C. hyperemia
4. Inflammation is best defined as
A. response to vascularized tissues to infection or cellular injury.
B. Exudation of polymorphonuclear leucocytes
C. hemodynamic changes as a result of injury
D. increased vascular permeability due to Chemical mediators
E. local reaction of tissue to injury - correct answer A. response to vascularized tissues to
infection or cellular injury.
,5. Migration of leukocytes directly toward a foreign substance or an injured tissue is
A. diapedesis
B. Exudation
C. emigration
D. anaphylaxis
E. chemotaxis - correct answer E. chemotaxis
6. Which part of the microcirculation is most consistently involved in the permeability changes
and A. exudation of acute inflammation?
B. small arteries
C. arterioles
D. capillaries
E. venules - correct answer E. venules
7. The principal cells of granulation tissue are
A. fibroblasts and endothelial cells
B. macrophages and giant cells
C. lymphocytes and plasma cells
D. osteocytes and chondrocytes
E. neutrophils and macrophages - correct answer A. fibroblasts and endothelial cells
8. Which of the following is most characteristic of repair?
A. exudate
B. fibrin
C. giant cells
D. granulation tissue
E. granuloma - correct answer D. granulation tissue
9. The process in the figure below represents.
A. Fibrinous inflammation
B. Serous inflammation
, C. Purulent (suppurative) inflammation
D. Granulomatous inflammation
E. Ulcer - correct answer C. Purulent (suppurative) inflammation
10. A 53-year-old woman has had a high fever and cough productive of yellowish sputum for
the past two days. Her vital signs include a temperature of 37.8° C, pulse 103/min, respiration
of 25/min, and blood pressure of 100/60 mm Hg. On auscultation of the chest, crackles are
audible in both lung bases. A chest radiograph shows bilateral patchy pulmonary infiltrates. The
microscopic appearance of her lung is in the figure. Which inflammatory cell types are most
likely to be seen in significantly increased numbers in her sputum specimen?
A. Langhans giant cells
B. Macrophages
C. Mast cells
D. Neutrophils
E. T lymphocytes - correct answer D. Neutrophils
11. A 24-year-old, sexually active woman has experienced lower abdominal pain for the past
day. Her temperature is 37.9° C, and the left lower abdomen is markedly tender on palpation.
Laboratory findings include a total WBC count of 29,000/mm3 with 75% segmented
neutrophils, 6% bands, 14% lymphocytes, and 5% monocytes. Laparotomy reveals a distended,
fluid-filled, reddened left fallopian tube near rupture. She undergoes a left salpingectomy.
Which of the following is most likely to be seen on microscopic examination of the excised
fallopian tube?
A. Fibroblastic proliferation
B. Langhans giant cells
C. Liquefactive necrosis
D. Mononuclear infiltrates
E. Squamous metaplasia - correct answer C. Liquefactive necrosis
12. A 68-year-old man has had worsening shortness of breath for the past week. On physical
examination, his temperature was 38.3 C. On percussion, there is dullness over the left lung
fields. Thoracentesis on the left pleural cavity yields 800 mL of cloudy yellow fluid with a WBC
count of 2500/mm3 with 98% neutrophils and 2% lymphocytes. A Gram stain of the fluid shows
gram-positive cocci in clusters. Which of the following terms best describes the process
occurring in his left pleural cavity?
