BIOL 1441 Exam 4 | Actual study set |
Questions and verified study solutions
Anatomy - ANSW-Biological form
Physiology - ANSW-Biological function
Rate of Exchange - ANSW-Proportional to a cell's surface area
Amount of Exchanged Material - ANSW-Proportional to a cell's volume
Surface Area to Volume Ratio - ANSW-u^2 / u^3
(u=unit)
Homeostasis - ANSW-"Steady State"
Internal balance regardless of external environments
Negative Feedback Loop - ANSW-For a given variable, fluctuation above or below a set-point serve as a
stimulus
The response to the stimulus eventually cuts of the stimulus, and thus the response
Endocrine System - ANSW-Transmits chemical signals, hormones, via the circulatory system
Slow response time, but longer effect
Nervous System - ANSW-Transmits electrical signals
Quick to respond, short effect
Acclimatization - ANSW-Physiological change
Adjustment to changes in external environment
Habituation - ANSW-Temporally tunes out stimulus that is constant / unchanging
Endothermy - ANSW-A Regulator
More energetically expensive, but can tolerate great environmental variation
Cannot tolerate internal body variation
Extothermy - ANSW-A Conformer
Tolerate greater internal body variation
Countercurrent Exchange - ANSW-Heat transfer between fluids flowing in opposite directions, reducing
heat loss
Ex. Dog paws and Goose legs
Evaporative Heat Loss - ANSW-Sweating
Bathing
Panting
Adjustment of Metabolic Heat - ANSW-Shivering
What determines energy requirements in organisms? - ANSW-Environment
Size
Activity
Torpor - ANSW-Physiological state in which activity is low and metabolism decreases
, Temporary, short term
Hibernation - ANSW-Long-term torpor that is an adaptation to winter cold and food scarcity.
Methods of Digestion - ANSW-Intracellular Digestion
Gastrovascular Cavity
Complete Digestive System
Intracellular Digestion - ANSW-Process by which food is digested inside cells via food vacuoles
Gastrovascular Cavity - ANSW-A digestive chamber with a single opening, intake of food and excretion of
waste shares the same opening
Also called an Incomplete Digestive System
Complete Digestive System - ANSW-Digestive system consisting of a digestive tract and two body
openings (mouth and anus)
Pancreas - ANSW-Makes Enzymes
-Pancreatic Amylase (Shortens sugars)
-Lipase (Digests fats)
-Insulin
Neutralizes stomach acid in the small intestine with Bicarbonate
Liver - ANSW-The largest internal organ
Secretes bile pigments and bile salts
Gallbladder - ANSW-Stores and concentrates bile produced by the Liver
Quickly releases bile when fatty foods arrive
Small Intestine - ANSW-Absorbs nutrients, has a huge amount of surface area
Large Intestines - ANSW-Recover water
Coprophagy - ANSW-The eating of feces to absorb nutrients on the second passage through the digestive
system
Animals that do this:
Rabbits
Dogs
Basic Components of any Circulatory System - ANSW-Heart (Pump)
Fluid
Vessels
Open Circulatory System - ANSW-Pumps hemolymph into cavities that surround organs, exchange
directly on the organ's surface via diffusion
Closed Circulatory System - ANSW-System in which blood never leaves vascular tissue
2 Chambered Heart Circulatory System (Fish) - ANSW-System in which the rest of the body gets Oxygen
before the heart
3 Chambered Heart Circulatory System (Amphibians) - ANSW-System with 2 atriums and 1 ventricle
Deoxygenated blood and oxygenated blood mix in the single ventricle
Needs supplementation from gas exchange through the skin
Questions and verified study solutions
Anatomy - ANSW-Biological form
Physiology - ANSW-Biological function
Rate of Exchange - ANSW-Proportional to a cell's surface area
Amount of Exchanged Material - ANSW-Proportional to a cell's volume
Surface Area to Volume Ratio - ANSW-u^2 / u^3
(u=unit)
Homeostasis - ANSW-"Steady State"
Internal balance regardless of external environments
Negative Feedback Loop - ANSW-For a given variable, fluctuation above or below a set-point serve as a
stimulus
The response to the stimulus eventually cuts of the stimulus, and thus the response
Endocrine System - ANSW-Transmits chemical signals, hormones, via the circulatory system
Slow response time, but longer effect
Nervous System - ANSW-Transmits electrical signals
Quick to respond, short effect
Acclimatization - ANSW-Physiological change
Adjustment to changes in external environment
Habituation - ANSW-Temporally tunes out stimulus that is constant / unchanging
Endothermy - ANSW-A Regulator
More energetically expensive, but can tolerate great environmental variation
Cannot tolerate internal body variation
Extothermy - ANSW-A Conformer
Tolerate greater internal body variation
Countercurrent Exchange - ANSW-Heat transfer between fluids flowing in opposite directions, reducing
heat loss
Ex. Dog paws and Goose legs
Evaporative Heat Loss - ANSW-Sweating
Bathing
Panting
Adjustment of Metabolic Heat - ANSW-Shivering
What determines energy requirements in organisms? - ANSW-Environment
Size
Activity
Torpor - ANSW-Physiological state in which activity is low and metabolism decreases
, Temporary, short term
Hibernation - ANSW-Long-term torpor that is an adaptation to winter cold and food scarcity.
Methods of Digestion - ANSW-Intracellular Digestion
Gastrovascular Cavity
Complete Digestive System
Intracellular Digestion - ANSW-Process by which food is digested inside cells via food vacuoles
Gastrovascular Cavity - ANSW-A digestive chamber with a single opening, intake of food and excretion of
waste shares the same opening
Also called an Incomplete Digestive System
Complete Digestive System - ANSW-Digestive system consisting of a digestive tract and two body
openings (mouth and anus)
Pancreas - ANSW-Makes Enzymes
-Pancreatic Amylase (Shortens sugars)
-Lipase (Digests fats)
-Insulin
Neutralizes stomach acid in the small intestine with Bicarbonate
Liver - ANSW-The largest internal organ
Secretes bile pigments and bile salts
Gallbladder - ANSW-Stores and concentrates bile produced by the Liver
Quickly releases bile when fatty foods arrive
Small Intestine - ANSW-Absorbs nutrients, has a huge amount of surface area
Large Intestines - ANSW-Recover water
Coprophagy - ANSW-The eating of feces to absorb nutrients on the second passage through the digestive
system
Animals that do this:
Rabbits
Dogs
Basic Components of any Circulatory System - ANSW-Heart (Pump)
Fluid
Vessels
Open Circulatory System - ANSW-Pumps hemolymph into cavities that surround organs, exchange
directly on the organ's surface via diffusion
Closed Circulatory System - ANSW-System in which blood never leaves vascular tissue
2 Chambered Heart Circulatory System (Fish) - ANSW-System in which the rest of the body gets Oxygen
before the heart
3 Chambered Heart Circulatory System (Amphibians) - ANSW-System with 2 atriums and 1 ventricle
Deoxygenated blood and oxygenated blood mix in the single ventricle
Needs supplementation from gas exchange through the skin
