K
, SOLUTIONS MANUAL K
to accompany
K
ORBITAL MECHANICS FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS
K K K K
Howard D. CurtisK K
Embry-
Riddle Aeronautical University Daytona Beac
K K K K
h, Florida
K
,Solutions Manual K Orbital Mechanics for Engineering Students K K K K Chapter 1
K
Problem 1.1 K
(a)
K K K K
(
A A = Axiˆ + Ayˆj + Azkˆ Axiˆ + Ayˆj + Azkˆ
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K K
)(
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K K
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)
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(
= Axiˆ Axiˆ + Ayˆj+ Azkˆ + Ayˆj Axiˆ + Ayˆj+ Azkˆ + Azkˆ Axiˆ + Ayˆj+ Azkˆ
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K
K K K
)
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K K K
( K
K K K
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) K
K
(
K
K
K K K
)
K
= Ax2 (iˆ iˆ)+ AxAy iˆ ˆj + AxAz (iˆ kˆ ) + AyAx ˆj iˆ + Ay2 ˆj ˆj + AyAz ˆjkˆ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
K K K K K K K K
K K
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K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K
+ AzAx (kˆ iˆ)+ AzAy kˆ ˆj +Az2 (kˆ kˆ) ( )
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K K K K K K K
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= Ax2 (1)+ AxAy (0)+ AxAz (0) + AyAx (0)+ Ay2 (1)+ AyAz (0) + AzAx (0)+ AzAy (0)+ Az2 (1)
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= Ax + Ay + Az2
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2 K
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But, according to the Pythagorean Theorem, A 2 x+ A 2 +y A 2 =z A2 , where A = A , the magnitude of
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2
the vector A . Thus A A = A .
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K
(b)
iˆ ˆj kˆ
A (B C) = A Bx
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Cx Cy Cz
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(
= Axiˆ + Ayˆj + Azkˆ iˆ ByCz − BzCy − ˆj(BxCz − BzCx )+ kˆ BxCy − ByCx
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) (
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= Ax ByCz − BzCy − Ay (BxCz − BzCx )+ Az BxCy − ByCx K
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K ) K
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K ( K
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or
A (B C) = AxByCz + AyBzCx + AzBxCy − AxBzCy − AyBxCz − AzByCx
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(1)
Note that (A B) C = C (A B) , and according to (1)
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C (A B) = CxAyBz + Cy AzBx + Cz AxBy − CxAzBy − Cy AxBz − Cz AyBx
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(2)
The right hand sides of (1) and (2) are identical. Hence A ( B C) = (A B) C .
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(c)
iˆ ˆj kˆ iˆ ˆj kˆ
A (BC)= Axiˆ + Ayˆj+ Azkˆ Bx
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(
K
K
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K
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K K
K
) K By Bz = K
Ax ByC K
Ay BzC K
Az
Cx Cy Cz z − BzCyK
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x − BxCyK
K BxCy − ByCx K
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K
(
= Ay BxCy − ByCx − Az (BzCx − BxCz )iˆ + Az ByCz − BzCy − Ax BxCy − ByCx ˆj
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)
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+ A (B C − B C )− A B C − B C kˆ
x z x x z y y z z y
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K ( K
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(
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) (
= AyBxCy + AzBxCz − AyByCx − AzBzCx i + AxByCx + AzByCz − AxBxCy − AzBzCy ˆj
ˆ
) K
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( x z x y z y x x z y y z)
+ A B C + A B C − A B C − A B C kˆ K K K
= Bx (AyCy + AzCz )− Cx (AyBy + AzBz )iˆ + By (AxCx + AzCz )− Cy (AxBx + AzBz )ˆj
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z( x x y y) z( x x y y)
+ B A C + A C − C A B + A B kˆ K K K K
K K K K K K K
1
, Solutions Manual
K Orbital Mechanics for Engineering Students
K K K K Chapter 1
K
Add and subtract the underlined terms to get
K K K K K K K
2
, SOLUTIONS MANUAL K
to accompany
K
ORBITAL MECHANICS FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS
K K K K
Howard D. CurtisK K
Embry-
Riddle Aeronautical University Daytona Beac
K K K K
h, Florida
K
,Solutions Manual K Orbital Mechanics for Engineering Students K K K K Chapter 1
K
Problem 1.1 K
(a)
K K K K
(
A A = Axiˆ + Ayˆj + Azkˆ Axiˆ + Ayˆj + Azkˆ
K
K
K
K
K K
)(
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K
K
K
K
K K
K
)
K
K
(
= Axiˆ Axiˆ + Ayˆj+ Azkˆ + Ayˆj Axiˆ + Ayˆj+ Azkˆ + Azkˆ Axiˆ + Ayˆj+ Azkˆ
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K
K K K
)
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K K K
( K
K K K
K
) K
K
(
K
K
K K K
)
K
= Ax2 (iˆ iˆ)+ AxAy iˆ ˆj + AxAz (iˆ kˆ ) + AyAx ˆj iˆ + Ay2 ˆj ˆj + AyAz ˆjkˆ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
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K K
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K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
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+ AzAx (kˆ iˆ)+ AzAy kˆ ˆj +Az2 (kˆ kˆ) ( )
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K
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K K K K K K K
K K K K
= Ax2 (1)+ AxAy (0)+ AxAz (0) + AyAx (0)+ Ay2 (1)+ AyAz (0) + AzAx (0)+ AzAy (0)+ Az2 (1)
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K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K
= Ax + Ay + Az2
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2 K
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2 K
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But, according to the Pythagorean Theorem, A 2 x+ A 2 +y A 2 =z A2 , where A = A , the magnitude of
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2
the vector A . Thus A A = A .
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K
(b)
iˆ ˆj kˆ
A (B C) = A Bx
K K K K K K K By Bz
Cx Cy Cz
K
(
= Axiˆ + Ayˆj + Azkˆ iˆ ByCz − BzCy − ˆj(BxCz − BzCx )+ kˆ BxCy − ByCx
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) (
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K ) K
K K
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K K
(
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K )
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K (
= Ax ByCz − BzCy − Ay (BxCz − BzCx )+ Az BxCy − ByCx K
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K ) K
K
K K
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K
K K
K ( K
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K )
or
A (B C) = AxByCz + AyBzCx + AzBxCy − AxBzCy − AyBxCz − AzByCx
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(1)
Note that (A B) C = C (A B) , and according to (1)
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C (A B) = CxAyBz + Cy AzBx + Cz AxBy − CxAzBy − Cy AxBz − Cz AyBx
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(2)
The right hand sides of (1) and (2) are identical. Hence A ( B C) = (A B) C .
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(c)
iˆ ˆj kˆ iˆ ˆj kˆ
A (BC)= Axiˆ + Ayˆj+ Azkˆ Bx
K K K K K
(
K
K
K
K
K
K K
K
) K By Bz = K
Ax ByC K
Ay BzC K
Az
Cx Cy Cz z − BzCyK
K
x − BxCyK
K BxCy − ByCx K
K
K
(
= Ay BxCy − ByCx − Az (BzCx − BxCz )iˆ + Az ByCz − BzCy − Ax BxCy − ByCx ˆj
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)
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(
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)
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(
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)
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K
+ A (B C − B C )− A B C − B C kˆ
x z x x z y y z z y
K K
K
K
K K
K ( K
K
K ) K
(
K
) (
= AyBxCy + AzBxCz − AyByCx − AzBzCx i + AxByCx + AzByCz − AxBxCy − AzBzCy ˆj
ˆ
) K
K
K
K
K
K
K
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K
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K
K
K
K
K
( x z x y z y x x z y y z)
+ A B C + A B C − A B C − A B C kˆ K K K
= Bx (AyCy + AzCz )− Cx (AyBy + AzBz )iˆ + By (AxCx + AzCz )− Cy (AxBx + AzBz )ˆj
K K K K
K
K K
K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K
z( x x y y) z( x x y y)
+ B A C + A C − C A B + A B kˆ K K K K
K K K K K K K
1
, Solutions Manual
K Orbital Mechanics for Engineering Students
K K K K Chapter 1
K
Add and subtract the underlined terms to get
K K K K K K K
2