,Chapter 1: Theory Based Perspectives and Contemporary Dynamics
Arnold: Interpersonal Relationships, 8th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. When describing nursing to a group of nursing students, the nursing instructor lists all
of the following characteristics of nursing except
a. historically nursing is as old as mankind.
b. nursing was originally practiced informally by religious orders dedicated to
care of the sick.
c. nursing was later practiced in the home by female caregivers with no
formal education.
d. nursing has always been identifiable as a distinct occupation.
ANS: A
Historically, nursing is as old as mankind. Originally practiced informally by religious
orders dedicated to care of the sick and later in the home by female caregivers with no
formal education, nursing was not identifiable as a distinct occupation until the 1854
Crimean war. There, Florence Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing introduced the world to
the functional roles of professional nursing and the need for formal education.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p.
1 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
2. The nursing profession’s first nurse researcher, who served as an early advocate for
high-quality care and used statistical data to document the need for handwashing in
preventing infection, was
a. Abraham Maslow.
b. Martha Rogers.
c. Hildegard Peplau.
d. Florence Nightingale.
ANS: D
An early advocate for high-quality care, Florence Nightingale’s use of statistical data to
document the need for handwashing in preventing infection marks her as the
profession’s first nurse researcher.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p.
1 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
3. Today, professional nursing education begins at the
a. undergraduate level.
b. graduate level.
c. advanced practice level.
d. administrative level.
ANS: A
WWW.NURSYLAB.COM
, Today, professional nursing education begins at the undergraduate level, with a
growing number of nurses choosing graduate studies to support differentiated practice
roles and/or research opportunities. Nurses are prepared to function as advanced
practice nurse practitioners, administrators, and educators.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p.
2 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
4. Nursing’s metaparadigm, or worldview, distinguishes the nursing profession from
other disciplines and emphasizes its unique functional characteristics. The four key
concepts that form the foundation for all nursing theories are
a. caring, compassion, health promotion, and education.
b. respect, integrity, honesty, and advocacy.
c. person, environment, health, and nursing.
d. nursing, teaching, caring, and health promotion.
ANS: C
Individual nursing theories represent different interpretations of the phenomenon of
nursing, but central constructs—person, environment, health, and nursing—are found
in all theories and models. They are referred to as nursing’s metaparadigm.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p.
2 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
5. When admitting a client to the medical-surgical unit, the nurse asks the client about cultural
issues. The nurse is demonstrating use of the concept of
a. person.
b. environment.
c. health.
d. nursing.
ANS: B
The concept of environment includes all cultural, developmental, and social
determinants that influence a client’s health perceptions and behavior. A person is
defined as the recipient of nursing care, having unique bio-psycho-social and spiritual
dimensions. The word health derives from the word whole. Health is a multidimensional
concept, having physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual
characteristics. The World Health Organization (WHO, 1946) defines health as “a state
of complete physical, mental, social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or
infirmity.” Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care
of ill, disabled, and dying people.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p.
3 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
6. A young mother tells the nurse, “I’m worried because my son needs a blood
transfusion. I don’t know what to do, because blood transfusions cause AIDS.”
Which central nursing construct is represented in this situation?
a. Environment
WWW.NURSYLAB.COM
, b. Caring
c. Health
d. Person
ANS: D
The concept of environment includes all cultural, developmental, and social
determinants that influence a client’s health perceptions and behavior. Caring is not
one of the four central nursing constructs. The word health derives from the word
whole. Health is a multidimensional concept, having physical, psychological,
sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual characteristics. The World Health
Organization (WHO, 1946) defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental,
social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Nursing includes the
promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled, and dying
people. Person is defined as the recipient of nursing care, having unique bio-psycho-
social and spiritual dimensions.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p.
2 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process:
Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial
Integrity
7. The nurse performs a dressing change using sterile technique. This is an example of
which pattern of knowledge?
a. Empirical
b. Personal
c. Aesthetic
d. Ethical
ANS: A
Empirical knowledge is the scientific rationale for skilled nursing interventions. Personal
ways of knowing allow the nurse to understand and treat each individual as a unique
person. Aesthetic ways of knowing allow the nurse to connect in different and more
meaningful ways. Ethical ways of knowing refer to the moral aspects of nursing.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p.
5 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process:
Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Management
of Care
8. The nurse-client relationship as described by Hildegard Peplau
a. would not be useful in a short-stay unit.
b. allows personal and social growth to occur only for the client.
c. facilitates the identification and accomplishment of therapeutic goals.
d. focuses on maintaining a personal relationship between the nurse and client.
ANS: C
Hildegard Peplau offers the best-known nursing model for the study of interpersonal
relationships in health care. Her model describes how the nurse-client relationship can
facilitate the identification and accomplishment of therapeutic goals to enhance client
and family well-being. In contemporary practice, Peplau’s framework is more
applicable today in longer term relationships, and in settings such as rehabilitation
centers, long-term care, and nursing homes. Despite the brevity of the alliances in acute
care settings, basic principles of being a participant observer in the relationship,
building rapport, developing a working partnership, and terminating a relationship
WWW.NURSYLAB.COM
Arnold: Interpersonal Relationships, 8th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. When describing nursing to a group of nursing students, the nursing instructor lists all
of the following characteristics of nursing except
a. historically nursing is as old as mankind.
b. nursing was originally practiced informally by religious orders dedicated to
care of the sick.
c. nursing was later practiced in the home by female caregivers with no
formal education.
d. nursing has always been identifiable as a distinct occupation.
ANS: A
Historically, nursing is as old as mankind. Originally practiced informally by religious
orders dedicated to care of the sick and later in the home by female caregivers with no
formal education, nursing was not identifiable as a distinct occupation until the 1854
Crimean war. There, Florence Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing introduced the world to
the functional roles of professional nursing and the need for formal education.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p.
1 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
2. The nursing profession’s first nurse researcher, who served as an early advocate for
high-quality care and used statistical data to document the need for handwashing in
preventing infection, was
a. Abraham Maslow.
b. Martha Rogers.
c. Hildegard Peplau.
d. Florence Nightingale.
ANS: D
An early advocate for high-quality care, Florence Nightingale’s use of statistical data to
document the need for handwashing in preventing infection marks her as the
profession’s first nurse researcher.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p.
1 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
3. Today, professional nursing education begins at the
a. undergraduate level.
b. graduate level.
c. advanced practice level.
d. administrative level.
ANS: A
WWW.NURSYLAB.COM
, Today, professional nursing education begins at the undergraduate level, with a
growing number of nurses choosing graduate studies to support differentiated practice
roles and/or research opportunities. Nurses are prepared to function as advanced
practice nurse practitioners, administrators, and educators.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p.
2 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
4. Nursing’s metaparadigm, or worldview, distinguishes the nursing profession from
other disciplines and emphasizes its unique functional characteristics. The four key
concepts that form the foundation for all nursing theories are
a. caring, compassion, health promotion, and education.
b. respect, integrity, honesty, and advocacy.
c. person, environment, health, and nursing.
d. nursing, teaching, caring, and health promotion.
ANS: C
Individual nursing theories represent different interpretations of the phenomenon of
nursing, but central constructs—person, environment, health, and nursing—are found
in all theories and models. They are referred to as nursing’s metaparadigm.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p.
2 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases
MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care
5. When admitting a client to the medical-surgical unit, the nurse asks the client about cultural
issues. The nurse is demonstrating use of the concept of
a. person.
b. environment.
c. health.
d. nursing.
ANS: B
The concept of environment includes all cultural, developmental, and social
determinants that influence a client’s health perceptions and behavior. A person is
defined as the recipient of nursing care, having unique bio-psycho-social and spiritual
dimensions. The word health derives from the word whole. Health is a multidimensional
concept, having physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual
characteristics. The World Health Organization (WHO, 1946) defines health as “a state
of complete physical, mental, social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or
infirmity.” Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care
of ill, disabled, and dying people.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p.
3 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
6. A young mother tells the nurse, “I’m worried because my son needs a blood
transfusion. I don’t know what to do, because blood transfusions cause AIDS.”
Which central nursing construct is represented in this situation?
a. Environment
WWW.NURSYLAB.COM
, b. Caring
c. Health
d. Person
ANS: D
The concept of environment includes all cultural, developmental, and social
determinants that influence a client’s health perceptions and behavior. Caring is not
one of the four central nursing constructs. The word health derives from the word
whole. Health is a multidimensional concept, having physical, psychological,
sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual characteristics. The World Health
Organization (WHO, 1946) defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental,
social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Nursing includes the
promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled, and dying
people. Person is defined as the recipient of nursing care, having unique bio-psycho-
social and spiritual dimensions.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p.
2 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process:
Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial
Integrity
7. The nurse performs a dressing change using sterile technique. This is an example of
which pattern of knowledge?
a. Empirical
b. Personal
c. Aesthetic
d. Ethical
ANS: A
Empirical knowledge is the scientific rationale for skilled nursing interventions. Personal
ways of knowing allow the nurse to understand and treat each individual as a unique
person. Aesthetic ways of knowing allow the nurse to connect in different and more
meaningful ways. Ethical ways of knowing refer to the moral aspects of nursing.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p.
5 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process:
Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Management
of Care
8. The nurse-client relationship as described by Hildegard Peplau
a. would not be useful in a short-stay unit.
b. allows personal and social growth to occur only for the client.
c. facilitates the identification and accomplishment of therapeutic goals.
d. focuses on maintaining a personal relationship between the nurse and client.
ANS: C
Hildegard Peplau offers the best-known nursing model for the study of interpersonal
relationships in health care. Her model describes how the nurse-client relationship can
facilitate the identification and accomplishment of therapeutic goals to enhance client
and family well-being. In contemporary practice, Peplau’s framework is more
applicable today in longer term relationships, and in settings such as rehabilitation
centers, long-term care, and nursing homes. Despite the brevity of the alliances in acute
care settings, basic principles of being a participant observer in the relationship,
building rapport, developing a working partnership, and terminating a relationship
WWW.NURSYLAB.COM
