Pharmacology HESI V2 Preparation Exam 2025–2026
Accurate Real Exam 150 Questions and Verified
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A nurse is teaching a client who has begun taking oral baclofen three times daily to treat muscle
spasms caused by a spinal cord injury. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a
need for further teaching?
A. "I will stop taking this medication right away if I develop dizziness."
B. "I know the doctor will gradually increase my dose of this medication for a while."
C. "I'll make sure that I empty my bladder completely while taking this medication."
D. "I won't be able to drink alcohol while I'm taking this medication." - answer>>>ANS: A
Abrupt withdrawal from baclofen can result in a number of adverse effects including visual
hallucinations and seizures.
The provider starts the client on a low dose, and the dose is increased gradually to prevent CNS
depression. Urinary retention is an adverse effect that can occur with baclofen. The intake of
alcohol and other CNS depressants can exacerbate the CNS depressant effects of baclofen.
A nurse in a provider's office is reviewing the health care record of a client who reported urinary
incontinence and asked about a prescription for oxybutynin. The nurse should recognize that
oxybutynin is contraindicated in the presence of which of the following conditions?
A. Bursitis
B. Sinusitis
C. Depression
D. Glaucoma - answer>>>ANS: D
Oxybutynin is an anticholinergic and increase intraocular pressure
Oxybutynin is not contraindicated for the rest of the answers.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for bethanechol 50 mg PO three times a day.
The nurse should recognize that which of the following findings is a clinical manifestation of
extreme muscarinic stimulation?
A. Tachycardia
B. Hypertension
C. Excessive perspiration
,D. Fecal impaction - answer>>>ANS: C
Bethanechol is a muscarinic agonist. Extreme muscarinic stimulation can result in sweating.
Bradycardia and hypotension is a clinical manifestation of extreme muscarinic stimulation. Fecal
impaction is an adverse effect of bethanechol.
A nurse in a provider's office is providing instruction to a client who has a new prescription for
lorazepam. The nurse should inform the client that which of the following are adverse effects of
lorazepam? (Select all that apply.)
A. Incoordination
B. Euphoria
C. Pruritus
D. Flatus
E. Amnesia - answer>>>ANS: A, B, E
Due to CNS depression, incoordination is an adverse effect of lorazepam. Euphoria may occur as a
paradoxical adverse effect of lorazepam. Retrograde amnesia is an adverse effect.
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving moderate sedation with diazepam IV. The client is
oversedated. Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate administering to this
client?
A. Ketamine
B. Naltrexone
C. Flumazenil
D. Fluvoxamine - answer>>>ANS: C
Flumazenil is a competitive benzodiazepine antagonist used to reverse the sedation and other
effects of benzodiazepine.
Naltrexone is an opioid antagonist used to treat opioid overdose and alcohol use disorders.
Ketamine is an anesthetic agent. Fluvoxamine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor used to
treat depression.
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for ramelteon about the medication. The
nurse should instruct the client to avoid which of the following foods while taking this
medication?
A. Eggs
B. Grapefruit
,C. Whole-grain bread
D. Chicken - answer>>>ANS: B
Grapefruit juice and high-fat foods increase ramelteon.
A client is admitted to undergo a surgical procedure. the nurse should be aware that which of the
following preexisting conditions may be a contraindication for the use of ketamine as an IV
anesthetic for this client?
A. PUD
B. Breast cancer
C. Diabetes mellitus
D. Schizophrenia - answer>>>ANS: D
Ketamine can produce psychological effects such as hallucinations. Therefore, schizophrenia can
be contraindicated for use of ketamine.
A nurse is providing information to a female client who has a new prescription for zolpidem.
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
A. Notify the provider if you plan to become pregnant.
B. Take the medication 1 hr before you plan to go to sleep.
C. Allow at least 6 hr for sleep when taking zolpidem.
D. To increase the effectiveness of zolpidem, take it with a bedtime snack. - answer>>>ANS: A
Zolpidem is Pregnancy Risk Category C. Therefore, the client should notify the provider if she
plans to become pregnant.
Zolpidem should be taken at bedtime. The client should allow at least 8 hr of sleep when taking
zolpidem. Zolpidem is absorbed best on an empty stomach.
A nurse is providing instructions to a young adult female client who has a new prescription for
beclomethasone. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. "Rinse your mouth after each use."
B. "Limit fluid intake while taking the medication."
C. "Increase your intake of vitamin B12 while taking this medication.
D. "You can take this medication as needed." - answer>>>ANS: A
The client should rinse her mouth after each use to reduce the risk of oral fungal infections.
, Glucocorticoids place the client at risk for bone loss. There is no need for the client to increase her
intake of vitamin B12. The client should ensure an adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D.
Inhaled glucocorticoids, such as beclomethasone, should be taken on a fixed schedule.
A client is prescribed long-term use of oral prednisone for treatment of chronic asthma. the nurse
should instruct the client to watch for which of the following?
A. Weight gain and fluid retention
B. Nervousness and insomnia
C. Chest pain and tachycardia
D. Dry mouth and constipation - answer>>>ANS: A
Weight gain and fluid retention are adverse effects of oral prednisone due to the effect of sodium
and water retention.
Nervousness and insomnia, and angina and tachycardia, are adverse effects of beta agonists, not
glucocorticoids. Dry mouth and constipation are adverse effects of tiotropium.
A nurse is caring for a client who states she has been taking phenylephrine nasal drops for the
past 10 days for her upper respiratory symptoms. For which of the following adverse effects
should the nurse assess?
A. Sedation
B. Nasal congestion
C. Productive cough
D. Constipation - answer>>>ANS: B
When used for over 5 days, rebound nasal congestion may occur when taking topical
sympathomimetic medications, such as phenylephrine.
Insomnia, rather than sedation, is a possible adverse effect of this medication.
A nurse is teaching a client to self-administer nasal drops for allergic rhinitis symptoms. The nurse
should teach the client to lie in which of the following positions to obtain the best effect of the
medication?
A. Supine with head flexed
B. Sitting with head in neutral position
C. Lateral with head in low position
D. Prone with head extended - answer>>>ANS: C
Accurate Real Exam 150 Questions and Verified
Correct Answers JUST RELEASED
A nurse is teaching a client who has begun taking oral baclofen three times daily to treat muscle
spasms caused by a spinal cord injury. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a
need for further teaching?
A. "I will stop taking this medication right away if I develop dizziness."
B. "I know the doctor will gradually increase my dose of this medication for a while."
C. "I'll make sure that I empty my bladder completely while taking this medication."
D. "I won't be able to drink alcohol while I'm taking this medication." - answer>>>ANS: A
Abrupt withdrawal from baclofen can result in a number of adverse effects including visual
hallucinations and seizures.
The provider starts the client on a low dose, and the dose is increased gradually to prevent CNS
depression. Urinary retention is an adverse effect that can occur with baclofen. The intake of
alcohol and other CNS depressants can exacerbate the CNS depressant effects of baclofen.
A nurse in a provider's office is reviewing the health care record of a client who reported urinary
incontinence and asked about a prescription for oxybutynin. The nurse should recognize that
oxybutynin is contraindicated in the presence of which of the following conditions?
A. Bursitis
B. Sinusitis
C. Depression
D. Glaucoma - answer>>>ANS: D
Oxybutynin is an anticholinergic and increase intraocular pressure
Oxybutynin is not contraindicated for the rest of the answers.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for bethanechol 50 mg PO three times a day.
The nurse should recognize that which of the following findings is a clinical manifestation of
extreme muscarinic stimulation?
A. Tachycardia
B. Hypertension
C. Excessive perspiration
,D. Fecal impaction - answer>>>ANS: C
Bethanechol is a muscarinic agonist. Extreme muscarinic stimulation can result in sweating.
Bradycardia and hypotension is a clinical manifestation of extreme muscarinic stimulation. Fecal
impaction is an adverse effect of bethanechol.
A nurse in a provider's office is providing instruction to a client who has a new prescription for
lorazepam. The nurse should inform the client that which of the following are adverse effects of
lorazepam? (Select all that apply.)
A. Incoordination
B. Euphoria
C. Pruritus
D. Flatus
E. Amnesia - answer>>>ANS: A, B, E
Due to CNS depression, incoordination is an adverse effect of lorazepam. Euphoria may occur as a
paradoxical adverse effect of lorazepam. Retrograde amnesia is an adverse effect.
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving moderate sedation with diazepam IV. The client is
oversedated. Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate administering to this
client?
A. Ketamine
B. Naltrexone
C. Flumazenil
D. Fluvoxamine - answer>>>ANS: C
Flumazenil is a competitive benzodiazepine antagonist used to reverse the sedation and other
effects of benzodiazepine.
Naltrexone is an opioid antagonist used to treat opioid overdose and alcohol use disorders.
Ketamine is an anesthetic agent. Fluvoxamine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor used to
treat depression.
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for ramelteon about the medication. The
nurse should instruct the client to avoid which of the following foods while taking this
medication?
A. Eggs
B. Grapefruit
,C. Whole-grain bread
D. Chicken - answer>>>ANS: B
Grapefruit juice and high-fat foods increase ramelteon.
A client is admitted to undergo a surgical procedure. the nurse should be aware that which of the
following preexisting conditions may be a contraindication for the use of ketamine as an IV
anesthetic for this client?
A. PUD
B. Breast cancer
C. Diabetes mellitus
D. Schizophrenia - answer>>>ANS: D
Ketamine can produce psychological effects such as hallucinations. Therefore, schizophrenia can
be contraindicated for use of ketamine.
A nurse is providing information to a female client who has a new prescription for zolpidem.
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
A. Notify the provider if you plan to become pregnant.
B. Take the medication 1 hr before you plan to go to sleep.
C. Allow at least 6 hr for sleep when taking zolpidem.
D. To increase the effectiveness of zolpidem, take it with a bedtime snack. - answer>>>ANS: A
Zolpidem is Pregnancy Risk Category C. Therefore, the client should notify the provider if she
plans to become pregnant.
Zolpidem should be taken at bedtime. The client should allow at least 8 hr of sleep when taking
zolpidem. Zolpidem is absorbed best on an empty stomach.
A nurse is providing instructions to a young adult female client who has a new prescription for
beclomethasone. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. "Rinse your mouth after each use."
B. "Limit fluid intake while taking the medication."
C. "Increase your intake of vitamin B12 while taking this medication.
D. "You can take this medication as needed." - answer>>>ANS: A
The client should rinse her mouth after each use to reduce the risk of oral fungal infections.
, Glucocorticoids place the client at risk for bone loss. There is no need for the client to increase her
intake of vitamin B12. The client should ensure an adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D.
Inhaled glucocorticoids, such as beclomethasone, should be taken on a fixed schedule.
A client is prescribed long-term use of oral prednisone for treatment of chronic asthma. the nurse
should instruct the client to watch for which of the following?
A. Weight gain and fluid retention
B. Nervousness and insomnia
C. Chest pain and tachycardia
D. Dry mouth and constipation - answer>>>ANS: A
Weight gain and fluid retention are adverse effects of oral prednisone due to the effect of sodium
and water retention.
Nervousness and insomnia, and angina and tachycardia, are adverse effects of beta agonists, not
glucocorticoids. Dry mouth and constipation are adverse effects of tiotropium.
A nurse is caring for a client who states she has been taking phenylephrine nasal drops for the
past 10 days for her upper respiratory symptoms. For which of the following adverse effects
should the nurse assess?
A. Sedation
B. Nasal congestion
C. Productive cough
D. Constipation - answer>>>ANS: B
When used for over 5 days, rebound nasal congestion may occur when taking topical
sympathomimetic medications, such as phenylephrine.
Insomnia, rather than sedation, is a possible adverse effect of this medication.
A nurse is teaching a client to self-administer nasal drops for allergic rhinitis symptoms. The nurse
should teach the client to lie in which of the following positions to obtain the best effect of the
medication?
A. Supine with head flexed
B. Sitting with head in neutral position
C. Lateral with head in low position
D. Prone with head extended - answer>>>ANS: C
