TEST BANK
x
,MULTIPLE xCHOICE.
Choose xthe xone xalternative xthat xbest xcompletes xthe x statement xor xanswers xthe xquestion.
Solve xthe xproblem.
1) In xa xsample xof x775 xsenior xcitizens, xapproximately x67% xsaid xthat xthey xhad xseen xa 1) x
xtelevision xcommercial x for xlife xinsurance. x About x how x many x senior x citizens
x is x this?
A) Not xenough xinformation xavailable. B) x519
C) x67 D) x256
Answer: xB
2) A xtwo-way xtable xcould xbe xused xfor xwhich xof xthe xfollowing xpairs xof xvariables? 2) x
A) Gender xand xage B) xAge xand xfavorite xclass
C) xGender xand xfavorite xclass D) xAge xand
xheight xAnswer: x C
Indicate xwhether xthe xstudy xdescribed xis xan xobservational xstudy xor xa xcontrolled xexperiment.
3) "People xwith xdiabetes xare xat xhigher xrisk xfor xcertain xcancers xthan xthose xwithout xthe 3) x
xblood xsugar xdisease, x suggests x a x new x study x based x on x a xtelephone x survey
x of xnearly x 400,000 x adults."
A) Controlled xexperiment B) xObservational
xstudy xAnswer: x B
SHORT xANSWER. xWrite xthe xword xor xphrase xthat xbest xcompletes xeach xstatement xor xanswers xthe xquestion.
Answer xthe xquestion.
4) The xnumber xof xclinically xobese xmen xin xState xA xis x156,261 xand xthe xnumber xof 4) x
xclinically xobese xmen xin xState xB xis x294,269. xSomeone xmakes xthe xclaim xthat xthis xis
xevidence xthat xmen xexercise xmore x in x State x A. x What x information xis x missing
x that x might xcontradict xthis xclaim?
Answer: We x need x to x know x the x total x number x of x men x in x State x A x and
x
x State x B x so x that x a xcomparison xcan xbe xmade xof xthe xpercentage xof xthe xmen
xin xeach xstate xthat xare xclinically xobese. xThere xcould xbe xa xmuch xhigher x male
xpopulation xin xState x B xthan xState xA. xAlso, xassumptions xabout xexercise xand
xobesity xare xbeing xmade.
1
,MULTIPLE xCHOICE. x Choose xthe xone xalternative xthat xbest xcompletes xthe xstatement xor xanswers xthe
xquestion.
Use xthe xdata xin xTable x1A xto xanswer x the xquestion.
Note: x1 xis xfemale, x0 xis xmale.
5) Suppose xyou xwanted xto xknow xwhether xthe xstudent's xcommute xdistance xwas xassociated 5) x
xwith xthe xstudent's x living xsituation. x Using x the x data xtable xif x possible, xwhich
xvariables x would xyou x use?
A) Use xCommute xDistance x(Miles) xand xLiving xSituation.
B) Data xon xstudent's xliving xsituation xare xnot xincluded xin xthis xstudy.
C) Use xCommute xDistance x(Miles) xand xCollege xUnits xAcquired.
D) Use xCollege xUnits xAcquired xand xLiving
xSituation. xAnswer: x A
In xa xstudy xof x1350 xelementary xschool xchildren, x118 xout x of xthe x615 xgirls xin xthe xstudy xsaid xthey xwant xto xbe xa
xteacher x when xthey xgrow xup.
6) What xpercent xof xgirls xwant xto xbe xa xteacher xwhen xthey xgrow xup? 6)
A) 45.6% B) x80.8% C) x8.7% D) x19.2%
Answer: xD
Determine xif xthe xfollowing xscenario xis xan xobservational xstudy xor xa xcontrolled xexperiment.
7) A xdoctor xis xinterested xin xdetermining xwhether xa xcertain xmedication xincreases xthe xrisk xof 7) x
xhigh xblood xpressure. xHe xrandomly xselects x100 xpeople xfor xhis xstudy x- x50 xwho xwill xtake xthe
xmedication, xand x50 xwho x will xtake x a xplacebo. x He xchecks xthe x patients' x blood
x pressures x weekly xfor x six x months.
A) Observational xstudy B) xNeither C) xControlled
xexperiment xAnswer: x C
Solve xthe xproblem. 8) x
8) The xnumber xof xparents xwho xattended xparent xteacher xconferences xat xa xlocal xelementary
xschool xis xan xexample xof xwhat xtype xof xvariable?
A) Numerical xvariable B) xCategorical xvariable C) xNeither
xAnswer: x A
2
, SHORT xANSWER. xWrite xthe xword xor xphrase xthat xbest xcompletes xeach xstatement xor xanswers xthe
xquestion.
Determine xif xthe xfollowing xscenario xis xan xobservational xstudy xor xa xcontrolled xexperiment xand xexplain xyour
xreasoning.
9) A xdoctor xis xinterested xin xdetermining xwhether xa xcertain xmedication xis xeffective xat 9) x
xtreating xabdominal x pain. x He x reviews x his x patients' x medical x records x and
x finds x that x a x higher xproportion xof xpeople xwho xtook xthe xmedication xfewer
xabdominal xpain xsymptoms xthan xthose xwho xdid xnot xtake xthe xmedication.
Answer: xThis xis xan xobservational xstudy xbecause xthe xdoctor xdid xnot xrandomly xassign
xpatients xinto xgroups. xInstead, xhe xsimply xlooked xat xmedical xfiles.
MULTIPLE xCHOICE. x Choose xthe xone xalternative xthat xbest xcompletes xthe xstatement xor xanswers xthe
question. xSolve xthe xproblem.
x
10) A xtwo-way xtable xis xuseful xfor xdescribing xwhich xtypes xof xvariables? 10) x
A) One xnumerical xvariable.
B) Two xcategorical xvariables.
C) One xnumerical xvariable xand xone xcategorical xvariable.
D) Two xnumerical
xvariables. xAnswer: x B
11) The xfollowing xdata xtable xis xorganized xusing xwhich xmethod? 11) x
Gender Age
Male 35
Female 42
Female 33
Male 37
Female x 39 x
A) This xis xstacked xdata xbecause xeach xrow xrepresents xone xperson.
B) This xis xunstacked xdata xbecause xthe xages xare xseparated xby xgroups x(in xthis xcase, xgender).
C) This xis xstacked xdata xbecause xthe xages xare xseparated xby xgroups x(in xthis xcase, xgender).
D) This xis xunstacked xdata xbecause xeach xrow xrepresents xone
xperson. xAnswer: x A
SHORT xANSWER. xWrite xthe xword xor xphrase xthat xbest xcompletes xeach xstatement xor xanswers xthe xquestion.
12) According xto xthe xfollowing xtwo-way xtable, xwhy xare xpercentages xmore xuseful xthan 12) x
xcounts xto xcompare x the x amount xof xmales xand xfemales xwho xeat xbreakfast?
Answer: xThe xgroup xsizes xare xdifferent. xThere xare x55 xmales, xbut xonly x45 xfemales.
3
x
,MULTIPLE xCHOICE.
Choose xthe xone xalternative xthat xbest xcompletes xthe x statement xor xanswers xthe xquestion.
Solve xthe xproblem.
1) In xa xsample xof x775 xsenior xcitizens, xapproximately x67% xsaid xthat xthey xhad xseen xa 1) x
xtelevision xcommercial x for xlife xinsurance. x About x how x many x senior x citizens
x is x this?
A) Not xenough xinformation xavailable. B) x519
C) x67 D) x256
Answer: xB
2) A xtwo-way xtable xcould xbe xused xfor xwhich xof xthe xfollowing xpairs xof xvariables? 2) x
A) Gender xand xage B) xAge xand xfavorite xclass
C) xGender xand xfavorite xclass D) xAge xand
xheight xAnswer: x C
Indicate xwhether xthe xstudy xdescribed xis xan xobservational xstudy xor xa xcontrolled xexperiment.
3) "People xwith xdiabetes xare xat xhigher xrisk xfor xcertain xcancers xthan xthose xwithout xthe 3) x
xblood xsugar xdisease, x suggests x a x new x study x based x on x a xtelephone x survey
x of xnearly x 400,000 x adults."
A) Controlled xexperiment B) xObservational
xstudy xAnswer: x B
SHORT xANSWER. xWrite xthe xword xor xphrase xthat xbest xcompletes xeach xstatement xor xanswers xthe xquestion.
Answer xthe xquestion.
4) The xnumber xof xclinically xobese xmen xin xState xA xis x156,261 xand xthe xnumber xof 4) x
xclinically xobese xmen xin xState xB xis x294,269. xSomeone xmakes xthe xclaim xthat xthis xis
xevidence xthat xmen xexercise xmore x in x State x A. x What x information xis x missing
x that x might xcontradict xthis xclaim?
Answer: We x need x to x know x the x total x number x of x men x in x State x A x and
x
x State x B x so x that x a xcomparison xcan xbe xmade xof xthe xpercentage xof xthe xmen
xin xeach xstate xthat xare xclinically xobese. xThere xcould xbe xa xmuch xhigher x male
xpopulation xin xState x B xthan xState xA. xAlso, xassumptions xabout xexercise xand
xobesity xare xbeing xmade.
1
,MULTIPLE xCHOICE. x Choose xthe xone xalternative xthat xbest xcompletes xthe xstatement xor xanswers xthe
xquestion.
Use xthe xdata xin xTable x1A xto xanswer x the xquestion.
Note: x1 xis xfemale, x0 xis xmale.
5) Suppose xyou xwanted xto xknow xwhether xthe xstudent's xcommute xdistance xwas xassociated 5) x
xwith xthe xstudent's x living xsituation. x Using x the x data xtable xif x possible, xwhich
xvariables x would xyou x use?
A) Use xCommute xDistance x(Miles) xand xLiving xSituation.
B) Data xon xstudent's xliving xsituation xare xnot xincluded xin xthis xstudy.
C) Use xCommute xDistance x(Miles) xand xCollege xUnits xAcquired.
D) Use xCollege xUnits xAcquired xand xLiving
xSituation. xAnswer: x A
In xa xstudy xof x1350 xelementary xschool xchildren, x118 xout x of xthe x615 xgirls xin xthe xstudy xsaid xthey xwant xto xbe xa
xteacher x when xthey xgrow xup.
6) What xpercent xof xgirls xwant xto xbe xa xteacher xwhen xthey xgrow xup? 6)
A) 45.6% B) x80.8% C) x8.7% D) x19.2%
Answer: xD
Determine xif xthe xfollowing xscenario xis xan xobservational xstudy xor xa xcontrolled xexperiment.
7) A xdoctor xis xinterested xin xdetermining xwhether xa xcertain xmedication xincreases xthe xrisk xof 7) x
xhigh xblood xpressure. xHe xrandomly xselects x100 xpeople xfor xhis xstudy x- x50 xwho xwill xtake xthe
xmedication, xand x50 xwho x will xtake x a xplacebo. x He xchecks xthe x patients' x blood
x pressures x weekly xfor x six x months.
A) Observational xstudy B) xNeither C) xControlled
xexperiment xAnswer: x C
Solve xthe xproblem. 8) x
8) The xnumber xof xparents xwho xattended xparent xteacher xconferences xat xa xlocal xelementary
xschool xis xan xexample xof xwhat xtype xof xvariable?
A) Numerical xvariable B) xCategorical xvariable C) xNeither
xAnswer: x A
2
, SHORT xANSWER. xWrite xthe xword xor xphrase xthat xbest xcompletes xeach xstatement xor xanswers xthe
xquestion.
Determine xif xthe xfollowing xscenario xis xan xobservational xstudy xor xa xcontrolled xexperiment xand xexplain xyour
xreasoning.
9) A xdoctor xis xinterested xin xdetermining xwhether xa xcertain xmedication xis xeffective xat 9) x
xtreating xabdominal x pain. x He x reviews x his x patients' x medical x records x and
x finds x that x a x higher xproportion xof xpeople xwho xtook xthe xmedication xfewer
xabdominal xpain xsymptoms xthan xthose xwho xdid xnot xtake xthe xmedication.
Answer: xThis xis xan xobservational xstudy xbecause xthe xdoctor xdid xnot xrandomly xassign
xpatients xinto xgroups. xInstead, xhe xsimply xlooked xat xmedical xfiles.
MULTIPLE xCHOICE. x Choose xthe xone xalternative xthat xbest xcompletes xthe xstatement xor xanswers xthe
question. xSolve xthe xproblem.
x
10) A xtwo-way xtable xis xuseful xfor xdescribing xwhich xtypes xof xvariables? 10) x
A) One xnumerical xvariable.
B) Two xcategorical xvariables.
C) One xnumerical xvariable xand xone xcategorical xvariable.
D) Two xnumerical
xvariables. xAnswer: x B
11) The xfollowing xdata xtable xis xorganized xusing xwhich xmethod? 11) x
Gender Age
Male 35
Female 42
Female 33
Male 37
Female x 39 x
A) This xis xstacked xdata xbecause xeach xrow xrepresents xone xperson.
B) This xis xunstacked xdata xbecause xthe xages xare xseparated xby xgroups x(in xthis xcase, xgender).
C) This xis xstacked xdata xbecause xthe xages xare xseparated xby xgroups x(in xthis xcase, xgender).
D) This xis xunstacked xdata xbecause xeach xrow xrepresents xone
xperson. xAnswer: x A
SHORT xANSWER. xWrite xthe xword xor xphrase xthat xbest xcompletes xeach xstatement xor xanswers xthe xquestion.
12) According xto xthe xfollowing xtwo-way xtable, xwhy xare xpercentages xmore xuseful xthan 12) x
xcounts xto xcompare x the x amount xof xmales xand xfemales xwho xeat xbreakfast?
Answer: xThe xgroup xsizes xare xdifferent. xThere xare x55 xmales, xbut xonly x45 xfemales.
3
