Fisdap Medical Emergencies Unit Exam S.G. QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS RATED A+
Airway infections: laryngotracheobronchitis aka "Croup" - laryngotracheobronchitis aka "Croup"
Viral Infection of Upper Airway Inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchi
strongest S&S at night--> severe respiratory distress
Stridor, Hoarseness, Barking Cough, dyspnea/respiratory distress, low grade fever, hypoxia, nose
inhalations
Airway Mangement
BVM, High Flow o2
Tube size might be 2 times smaller than normal size
Racemic Epinephrine 0.5 mL mixed with 3ms of normal saline
Airway infections (Others) - - Epiglottitis: Fever, Drooling
- Respiratory syncytial virus
- Bronchiolitis
- Pneumonia (Single sided fluid in the lungs)
- Pertussis (Whooping cough)
- Influenza type A
Tuberculosis - An infectious disease that may affect almost all tissues of the body, especially the
lungs
"26 yom c/o chest pain and hemoptysis. Pt has a productive cough with purulent, bloody
discharge and a low grade fever. What is it?"
TB can manifest in many ways. S/S include; Night sweats, hemoptysis, chills, fever, fatigue, and
weight loss. Don a N95 mask and mask up the pt.
Bleeding Disorders - - Sickle Cell disease: RBC's are "sickle shaped" and interfere with
oxygenation. This causes hypoxia throughout the body and causes excessive pain. Provide
supportive measures and GIVE PAIN MEDS (Morphine Sulfate IV).
"24 yom w/ hx of sickle cell Lying in the fetal position"
- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation:
,Found in severe trauma and septic patients. Causes weird clotting AND bleeding throughout the
body.
Common sign is purpura on the chest and abdomen
-Hemophilia: Hereditary disorder with very poor clotting
- Thrombocytopenia: Poor clotting due to a low level of platelets
- Thrombocytosis: Too many platelets (Asymptomatic)
Coagulation Processes - Steps:
1. Vasoconstriction
2. Platelet Plugging
3. Coagulation
Clotting cascade:
Refers to the process by which clotting factors work together to ultimately form fibrin
Coagulopathy:
A condition in which the blood's ability to coagulate (form clots) is impaired
Physiology Electrical Injuries - Produce devastating internal injuries with little external evidence
may have two injuries sites
1. one at the point where electricity entered the body (entry wound)
2.and where it exited the body (exit wound)
as electrical current travels from the contact site into the body, it is converted to heat, which
follows the current flow--usually along side blood vessels and nerves--causing extensive damage
to the tissue in its path.
respiratory muscle paralysis
ventricular fibrillation
serious injury because the electricity may have flowed across the chest, potentially injuring the
cardiac conduction system
"11,000 volts usually fatal, 40,000 volts almost always fatal."
Pathophysiology of Angioedema - "A vascular reaction, that may have am allergic cause and
may result in profound swelling of tongue and lips"
"Marked edema of the skin and usually involves the head, neck, face, and upper airway. Caused
from allergic reactions and anaphylaxis."
, - Sudden onset of dyspnea & swollen tongue = Immediate Epinephrine, benadryl, breathing
treatment. The vasoconstriction relieves the angioedema
- Watery eyes and "eyelid edema" with a food allergy and semi normal VS = Diphenhydramine.
S/S are local NOT systemic
Allergic reaction/anaphylaxis - Visual aide
Signs & Symptoms
-Itching or hives
-Red watery eyes
-Coughing, wheezing, or difficulty breathing
-Throat tightness or closing or difficulty swallowing
-Nausea, stomach cramps, or vomiting
-Change in voice
-Dizziness, fainting or loss of consciousness
-Change of skin color
-Sense of doom
Care
-Use Epinephrine Auto-Injector
-Call 9-1-1
-Monitor Airway & Breathing
Pathophysiology of Hypothermia - "Confused 39 yom lost in the woods. Wet clothes and foot
sores".
Tx: Remove clothes and start active warming
A condition in which the core body temperature is significantly below normal less than 35c
(95F), owing to inadequate thermogenesis an/or excess environmental cold stress
note: Vasodilation is a major risk factor for hypothermia in the elderly. Alcohol ingestion
produces peripheral vasodilation, which increases heat loss
UMBLES
Stumbles, Mumbles, Fumbles, Grumbles
ataxia (staggered gait), CNS depression(stroke&intoxication like s&s),
EKG: Osborne Wave/J Wave
watch outdoor vfib
Management :
Passive Rewarming: taking off wet clothes, drying its skin, moving pt into warm ambulance,
possible warm fluids
ANSWERS RATED A+
Airway infections: laryngotracheobronchitis aka "Croup" - laryngotracheobronchitis aka "Croup"
Viral Infection of Upper Airway Inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchi
strongest S&S at night--> severe respiratory distress
Stridor, Hoarseness, Barking Cough, dyspnea/respiratory distress, low grade fever, hypoxia, nose
inhalations
Airway Mangement
BVM, High Flow o2
Tube size might be 2 times smaller than normal size
Racemic Epinephrine 0.5 mL mixed with 3ms of normal saline
Airway infections (Others) - - Epiglottitis: Fever, Drooling
- Respiratory syncytial virus
- Bronchiolitis
- Pneumonia (Single sided fluid in the lungs)
- Pertussis (Whooping cough)
- Influenza type A
Tuberculosis - An infectious disease that may affect almost all tissues of the body, especially the
lungs
"26 yom c/o chest pain and hemoptysis. Pt has a productive cough with purulent, bloody
discharge and a low grade fever. What is it?"
TB can manifest in many ways. S/S include; Night sweats, hemoptysis, chills, fever, fatigue, and
weight loss. Don a N95 mask and mask up the pt.
Bleeding Disorders - - Sickle Cell disease: RBC's are "sickle shaped" and interfere with
oxygenation. This causes hypoxia throughout the body and causes excessive pain. Provide
supportive measures and GIVE PAIN MEDS (Morphine Sulfate IV).
"24 yom w/ hx of sickle cell Lying in the fetal position"
- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation:
,Found in severe trauma and septic patients. Causes weird clotting AND bleeding throughout the
body.
Common sign is purpura on the chest and abdomen
-Hemophilia: Hereditary disorder with very poor clotting
- Thrombocytopenia: Poor clotting due to a low level of platelets
- Thrombocytosis: Too many platelets (Asymptomatic)
Coagulation Processes - Steps:
1. Vasoconstriction
2. Platelet Plugging
3. Coagulation
Clotting cascade:
Refers to the process by which clotting factors work together to ultimately form fibrin
Coagulopathy:
A condition in which the blood's ability to coagulate (form clots) is impaired
Physiology Electrical Injuries - Produce devastating internal injuries with little external evidence
may have two injuries sites
1. one at the point where electricity entered the body (entry wound)
2.and where it exited the body (exit wound)
as electrical current travels from the contact site into the body, it is converted to heat, which
follows the current flow--usually along side blood vessels and nerves--causing extensive damage
to the tissue in its path.
respiratory muscle paralysis
ventricular fibrillation
serious injury because the electricity may have flowed across the chest, potentially injuring the
cardiac conduction system
"11,000 volts usually fatal, 40,000 volts almost always fatal."
Pathophysiology of Angioedema - "A vascular reaction, that may have am allergic cause and
may result in profound swelling of tongue and lips"
"Marked edema of the skin and usually involves the head, neck, face, and upper airway. Caused
from allergic reactions and anaphylaxis."
, - Sudden onset of dyspnea & swollen tongue = Immediate Epinephrine, benadryl, breathing
treatment. The vasoconstriction relieves the angioedema
- Watery eyes and "eyelid edema" with a food allergy and semi normal VS = Diphenhydramine.
S/S are local NOT systemic
Allergic reaction/anaphylaxis - Visual aide
Signs & Symptoms
-Itching or hives
-Red watery eyes
-Coughing, wheezing, or difficulty breathing
-Throat tightness or closing or difficulty swallowing
-Nausea, stomach cramps, or vomiting
-Change in voice
-Dizziness, fainting or loss of consciousness
-Change of skin color
-Sense of doom
Care
-Use Epinephrine Auto-Injector
-Call 9-1-1
-Monitor Airway & Breathing
Pathophysiology of Hypothermia - "Confused 39 yom lost in the woods. Wet clothes and foot
sores".
Tx: Remove clothes and start active warming
A condition in which the core body temperature is significantly below normal less than 35c
(95F), owing to inadequate thermogenesis an/or excess environmental cold stress
note: Vasodilation is a major risk factor for hypothermia in the elderly. Alcohol ingestion
produces peripheral vasodilation, which increases heat loss
UMBLES
Stumbles, Mumbles, Fumbles, Grumbles
ataxia (staggered gait), CNS depression(stroke&intoxication like s&s),
EKG: Osborne Wave/J Wave
watch outdoor vfib
Management :
Passive Rewarming: taking off wet clothes, drying its skin, moving pt into warm ambulance,
possible warm fluids
