NURS 221 final Exam Questions and Answers Fully Solved Latest Update 2025-2026
chain of infection - Answers infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of
entry, susceptible host
How to break infectious agent link - Answers accurate identification of the microorganism and
interrupting its ability to infect
how to break reservoir link - Answers cleaning, disinfecting or sterilizing
how to break portal of exit link - Answers PPE, hand hygiene, safe waste disposal
how to break transmission link - Answers -hand hygiene, cleaning, disinfection, airflow control
how to break portal of entry - Answers aseptic technique when providing wound and catheter care
ways to brink susceptible host link - Answers vaccination, identifying high risk clients, healthy lifestyle
important defences against infection - Answers -skin and normal flora
-body system defences
-inflammatory response
factors that increase susceptibility to infection - Answers -age, nutritional status, known
microorganisms, stress
most important and basic technique in preventing infection - Answers hand hygiene
isolation is also known as - Answers additional precautions
droplet precaution PPE - Answers gown, gloves, mask
contact precaution PPE - Answers gown and gloves
airborne precaution PPE - Answers gown, gloves, mask (N-95), face shield if needed/avaliable
three major dimensions of concern relative to an individuals functional ability - Answers -risk recognition
-functional assessment
-planning and delivery of individualized care appropriate to level of function ability
ADL's - Answers -usually performed in the course of a normal day
-ambulation, eating, dressing, bathing, toileting, brushing teeth, grooming
instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) - Answers -more complex
-shopping, preparing meals, managing finances, taking meds
, posture - Answers arrangement of the body in space
body alignment - Answers the action of keeping the body in a state of normal position
which side of the body should a cane be used on - Answers stronger side
functional ability - Answers -Cognitive, social, physical, and emotional ability to carry out the normal
activities of life
represents continuum from full function to lack of function
crutches are not usually used with - Answers older adults
-no upper body strength
patent safety - Answers pursuit of reduction and mitigation of unsafe acts within the healthcare system
as well as use of best practices
how to maintain proper body alignment - Answers widening your base of support and bringing the
centre of gravity to the base of support
fall - Answers results in a person coming to rest inadvertently on the ground or floor or other lower level
with or without injury
risk factors for fall - Answers -modifiable or non modifiable (age)
-poor communication can also be a factor
tools to identify patients that are at risk for falls - Answers -functional gait assessment
-hendrich fall risk model II
-St Thomas Assessment Tool
-schmid fall risk assessment tool
-more fall risk assessment
if patient falls: - Answers -assess for injuries
-monitor for injuries that may not be immediately apparent
-determine factors that contributed to the fall
-further assessments (vital signs, NVS)
Infants - Answers -time of rapid growth
-nutrient rich diet
chain of infection - Answers infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of
entry, susceptible host
How to break infectious agent link - Answers accurate identification of the microorganism and
interrupting its ability to infect
how to break reservoir link - Answers cleaning, disinfecting or sterilizing
how to break portal of exit link - Answers PPE, hand hygiene, safe waste disposal
how to break transmission link - Answers -hand hygiene, cleaning, disinfection, airflow control
how to break portal of entry - Answers aseptic technique when providing wound and catheter care
ways to brink susceptible host link - Answers vaccination, identifying high risk clients, healthy lifestyle
important defences against infection - Answers -skin and normal flora
-body system defences
-inflammatory response
factors that increase susceptibility to infection - Answers -age, nutritional status, known
microorganisms, stress
most important and basic technique in preventing infection - Answers hand hygiene
isolation is also known as - Answers additional precautions
droplet precaution PPE - Answers gown, gloves, mask
contact precaution PPE - Answers gown and gloves
airborne precaution PPE - Answers gown, gloves, mask (N-95), face shield if needed/avaliable
three major dimensions of concern relative to an individuals functional ability - Answers -risk recognition
-functional assessment
-planning and delivery of individualized care appropriate to level of function ability
ADL's - Answers -usually performed in the course of a normal day
-ambulation, eating, dressing, bathing, toileting, brushing teeth, grooming
instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) - Answers -more complex
-shopping, preparing meals, managing finances, taking meds
, posture - Answers arrangement of the body in space
body alignment - Answers the action of keeping the body in a state of normal position
which side of the body should a cane be used on - Answers stronger side
functional ability - Answers -Cognitive, social, physical, and emotional ability to carry out the normal
activities of life
represents continuum from full function to lack of function
crutches are not usually used with - Answers older adults
-no upper body strength
patent safety - Answers pursuit of reduction and mitigation of unsafe acts within the healthcare system
as well as use of best practices
how to maintain proper body alignment - Answers widening your base of support and bringing the
centre of gravity to the base of support
fall - Answers results in a person coming to rest inadvertently on the ground or floor or other lower level
with or without injury
risk factors for fall - Answers -modifiable or non modifiable (age)
-poor communication can also be a factor
tools to identify patients that are at risk for falls - Answers -functional gait assessment
-hendrich fall risk model II
-St Thomas Assessment Tool
-schmid fall risk assessment tool
-more fall risk assessment
if patient falls: - Answers -assess for injuries
-monitor for injuries that may not be immediately apparent
-determine factors that contributed to the fall
-further assessments (vital signs, NVS)
Infants - Answers -time of rapid growth
-nutrient rich diet
