PJM GENERATION CERT QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Actions in low voltage alert? - Answers -Review transmission & generation outages
Request reactive reserve check
Heavy load voltage schedule warning purpose is to have members prepare far max
support of voltages on the? - Answers -Bulk Power System
Manual load dump warning & reduction of Non-critical plant load issued when? -
Answers -Primary reserve is less the the largest generating unit.
Loss of transmission facility jeopardize reliability after all possible measures have been
taken to increase reserves
Hot weather alert - Answers -COMED 90
DOM & EKPC 95
PJM issues high system voltage message - Answers -Gen operators should operate
the lower end of their voltage bandwidth
Primary reserve warning - Answers -Ensure deffer able Maintenance is halted
General actions PJM takes when conservating ops initiated? - Answers -
Purchase/load additional reserves
begin studying double contingencies
Lower IROL
Increase # of SOS calls
Purpose of heavy voltage schedule action is to increase reactive reserves - Answers -
EHV system
National terrorism advisory system 2 types of alerts? - Answers -Elevated threat
Imminent threat
Non-critical plant load - Answers -lighting, office area a/c
Purpose of capacity emergency warning? - Answers -keep members informed of
actual capacity shortages or contingencies that may jeopardize reliability during RT ops
keep all affected system personnel aware of the forecast and actual status of the PJM
RTO
Heavy load voltage schedule action - Answers -Gen operators- maintain MVAR
reserve on units connected to EHV
During cold weather action - Answers -Assume an unavailability rate for scheduled
generation
,During terrorism/sabotage emphasis on? - Answers -Operations & communications
For voltage support TOs can request? - Answers -Generators stay online
During Restoration what is removed from service until sufficient load restored to
maintain voltage - Answers -Shunt capacitors
Freq change=(load change/connected capacity)X Gov droop in percentage - Answers -
LMP calculated day ahead market - Answers -Every hour
RT every 5mins
Penalty factor - - Answers -incremental loss for a bus used to include the effect of
losses on the dispatch
All call types - Answers -Operational, Emergency Messages, Informational
Voltage reduction Alert- - Answers -Est. operating reserve capacity is less than
forecasted synchronized reserve equipment
Generation owners - Answers -Must handle environmental Alerts
Emergency requires action to? - Answers -Maintain freq prevent load loss, ensure
safety and reliability
Alerts - Answers -Advance of operating day
Warning & actions - Answers -During that day
Emergency situation - Answers -Implement procedures within 30min
STE- Short term emergency rating - Answers -
Low voltage alerts - Answers -Analyze reactive capabilities
Reactive reserve check
Heavy load voltage schedule warning - Answers -4 hrs prior
Heavy load voltage schedule action - Answers -500kv (UHV system) support- EHV
Place caps online
Reactors removed
AVR online
High system voltage - Answers -caps out/reactors in
, Manual load dump&reduction of non-critical load - Answers -issued when available
primary reserve capacity less than largest Gen or Trans
For voltage support PJM can request generator adjustments - Answers -Direct
adversely affect MW%
Generator to come online for voltage support
Remain online when scheduled to come offline
Unit startup notification Alert - Answers -Place Gen units ready to be started in 48hrs
Voltage reduction - Answers -2.5%-5%
Min Gen Alert implemented when - Answers -The expected gen level is within 2500mw
of normal min energy limits include
Adjusted min generation, valley & load est, margin values
Min Gen Value - Answers -Economic Min- Emergency Min= ERG
ERG- emergency reducible generation
Temperature for cold weather Alert - Answers -10 degress
During suspected terrorism - Answers -emphasis on operation and communication
NOAA issues alert at - Answers -K-5 or higher
Voltage reduction Warning - Answers -Available synchronized reserves is less than
synchronized reserve requirement
Contact who for suspected terrorism - Answers -PJM shift supervisor
Cold weather alert - Answers -PJM assumes certain unavailability rates for generation
amount
Regulation - Answers -Energy under automatic control that can respond within 5 Min
and to freq changes
Correct for small load changes
Synchronized reserves - Answers -generators respond within 10 min
increase output from generator
reduction in load from a resource
max output energy of synchronous condensor
Operating Reserves - Answers -Primary reserve T< or = 10min
Synchronized & quick start reserve
Supplemental reserve 10<T< or = 30min
Actions in low voltage alert? - Answers -Review transmission & generation outages
Request reactive reserve check
Heavy load voltage schedule warning purpose is to have members prepare far max
support of voltages on the? - Answers -Bulk Power System
Manual load dump warning & reduction of Non-critical plant load issued when? -
Answers -Primary reserve is less the the largest generating unit.
Loss of transmission facility jeopardize reliability after all possible measures have been
taken to increase reserves
Hot weather alert - Answers -COMED 90
DOM & EKPC 95
PJM issues high system voltage message - Answers -Gen operators should operate
the lower end of their voltage bandwidth
Primary reserve warning - Answers -Ensure deffer able Maintenance is halted
General actions PJM takes when conservating ops initiated? - Answers -
Purchase/load additional reserves
begin studying double contingencies
Lower IROL
Increase # of SOS calls
Purpose of heavy voltage schedule action is to increase reactive reserves - Answers -
EHV system
National terrorism advisory system 2 types of alerts? - Answers -Elevated threat
Imminent threat
Non-critical plant load - Answers -lighting, office area a/c
Purpose of capacity emergency warning? - Answers -keep members informed of
actual capacity shortages or contingencies that may jeopardize reliability during RT ops
keep all affected system personnel aware of the forecast and actual status of the PJM
RTO
Heavy load voltage schedule action - Answers -Gen operators- maintain MVAR
reserve on units connected to EHV
During cold weather action - Answers -Assume an unavailability rate for scheduled
generation
,During terrorism/sabotage emphasis on? - Answers -Operations & communications
For voltage support TOs can request? - Answers -Generators stay online
During Restoration what is removed from service until sufficient load restored to
maintain voltage - Answers -Shunt capacitors
Freq change=(load change/connected capacity)X Gov droop in percentage - Answers -
LMP calculated day ahead market - Answers -Every hour
RT every 5mins
Penalty factor - - Answers -incremental loss for a bus used to include the effect of
losses on the dispatch
All call types - Answers -Operational, Emergency Messages, Informational
Voltage reduction Alert- - Answers -Est. operating reserve capacity is less than
forecasted synchronized reserve equipment
Generation owners - Answers -Must handle environmental Alerts
Emergency requires action to? - Answers -Maintain freq prevent load loss, ensure
safety and reliability
Alerts - Answers -Advance of operating day
Warning & actions - Answers -During that day
Emergency situation - Answers -Implement procedures within 30min
STE- Short term emergency rating - Answers -
Low voltage alerts - Answers -Analyze reactive capabilities
Reactive reserve check
Heavy load voltage schedule warning - Answers -4 hrs prior
Heavy load voltage schedule action - Answers -500kv (UHV system) support- EHV
Place caps online
Reactors removed
AVR online
High system voltage - Answers -caps out/reactors in
, Manual load dump&reduction of non-critical load - Answers -issued when available
primary reserve capacity less than largest Gen or Trans
For voltage support PJM can request generator adjustments - Answers -Direct
adversely affect MW%
Generator to come online for voltage support
Remain online when scheduled to come offline
Unit startup notification Alert - Answers -Place Gen units ready to be started in 48hrs
Voltage reduction - Answers -2.5%-5%
Min Gen Alert implemented when - Answers -The expected gen level is within 2500mw
of normal min energy limits include
Adjusted min generation, valley & load est, margin values
Min Gen Value - Answers -Economic Min- Emergency Min= ERG
ERG- emergency reducible generation
Temperature for cold weather Alert - Answers -10 degress
During suspected terrorism - Answers -emphasis on operation and communication
NOAA issues alert at - Answers -K-5 or higher
Voltage reduction Warning - Answers -Available synchronized reserves is less than
synchronized reserve requirement
Contact who for suspected terrorism - Answers -PJM shift supervisor
Cold weather alert - Answers -PJM assumes certain unavailability rates for generation
amount
Regulation - Answers -Energy under automatic control that can respond within 5 Min
and to freq changes
Correct for small load changes
Synchronized reserves - Answers -generators respond within 10 min
increase output from generator
reduction in load from a resource
max output energy of synchronous condensor
Operating Reserves - Answers -Primary reserve T< or = 10min
Synchronized & quick start reserve
Supplemental reserve 10<T< or = 30min
