PALS QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS.
Abnormal Respiratory effort - - nasal flaring
- Retractions or use of accessory muscles
- increased, inadequate, or absent respiratory effort
Abnormal Skin color - - Pallor
- Mottling
- Cyanosis
petechiae - small, pinpoint hemorrhages
Purpura - the appearance of multiple purple discolorations on the skin caused by bleeding
underneath the skin
Primary Assessment - A- Airway
B - Breathing
C - Circulation
D - Disablity
E- Exposure
Normal respiratory rate infant - 30-53 per minute
Normal respiratory rate Toddler - 22-37
Normal respiratory rate preschooler - 20-28
Normal respiratory rate school-age child - 18-25
Normal respiratory rate Adolsecent - 12-20
central apnea - no respiratory effort because of an abnormaility or suppression of the brain or
spinal cord
obstructive apnea - inspiratory effort without airflow
mixed apnea - periods of obstructive apnea and periods of central apnea
Normal Nenonate HR - 100-205
Normal infant HR - 100-180
Normal Toddler HR - 98-140
Normal preschooler HR - 80-120
, Normal School-age child HR - 75-118
Normal adolescent HR - 60-100
Hypotension in children 1-10 years - 70 + (age in years x 2)
Mild head injury - GCS score of 13-15
Moderate head injury - GCS score of 9-12
Severe Head injury - GCS 3-8
Disability - neurologic function
exposure - undress the child observe childs skin
secondary assessment - - Focused history
- Focused physical examination
- ongoing reassessment
Hypoxemia - low PaO2
hypercarbia - High PaCO2
Acidosis - ph under 7.35
alkalosis - ph above 7.45
asystole -
Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA) -
ventricular fibrillation -
Pulsless Ventricular Tachycardia -
Epinephrine - - Used for cardiac arrest associated with VF/pVT as well as asystole/PEA
- Vasopressors
aMIODARONE - - Antiarrhytmics
- May be used for shock-refractory VF or pVT
Lidocaine - - Antiarrhytmics
- May be used for shock-refractory VF or pVT
Abnormal Respiratory effort - - nasal flaring
- Retractions or use of accessory muscles
- increased, inadequate, or absent respiratory effort
Abnormal Skin color - - Pallor
- Mottling
- Cyanosis
petechiae - small, pinpoint hemorrhages
Purpura - the appearance of multiple purple discolorations on the skin caused by bleeding
underneath the skin
Primary Assessment - A- Airway
B - Breathing
C - Circulation
D - Disablity
E- Exposure
Normal respiratory rate infant - 30-53 per minute
Normal respiratory rate Toddler - 22-37
Normal respiratory rate preschooler - 20-28
Normal respiratory rate school-age child - 18-25
Normal respiratory rate Adolsecent - 12-20
central apnea - no respiratory effort because of an abnormaility or suppression of the brain or
spinal cord
obstructive apnea - inspiratory effort without airflow
mixed apnea - periods of obstructive apnea and periods of central apnea
Normal Nenonate HR - 100-205
Normal infant HR - 100-180
Normal Toddler HR - 98-140
Normal preschooler HR - 80-120
, Normal School-age child HR - 75-118
Normal adolescent HR - 60-100
Hypotension in children 1-10 years - 70 + (age in years x 2)
Mild head injury - GCS score of 13-15
Moderate head injury - GCS score of 9-12
Severe Head injury - GCS 3-8
Disability - neurologic function
exposure - undress the child observe childs skin
secondary assessment - - Focused history
- Focused physical examination
- ongoing reassessment
Hypoxemia - low PaO2
hypercarbia - High PaCO2
Acidosis - ph under 7.35
alkalosis - ph above 7.45
asystole -
Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA) -
ventricular fibrillation -
Pulsless Ventricular Tachycardia -
Epinephrine - - Used for cardiac arrest associated with VF/pVT as well as asystole/PEA
- Vasopressors
aMIODARONE - - Antiarrhytmics
- May be used for shock-refractory VF or pVT
Lidocaine - - Antiarrhytmics
- May be used for shock-refractory VF or pVT
