NAFC Nutrition Coach QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS RATED
A+
Cell Membrane - The outer boundary of a cell
DNA - Is a sequence of chemical bases that essentially stores information in a "code" that tells
the cell what proteins to make
When unraveled, how far would the DNA in each cell stretch? - 2-3 meters long
When unraveled, all of the DNA in a single body would stretch how far? - From the Earth to the
Sun and around 400 times
How many DNA are in the body? - Approximately 35,000 genes that make up 300,000 different
proteins
Gene Activation - Initiates with Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Polymerase binding to the gene. (RNA
Polymerase is a large protein)
Transcription - The formation of Messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) from DNA.
mRNA - Carries instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
What are the two types of organelles found in cells? - Membranous and Non-membranous
Membranous Organelles are surrounded by - Lipid Membranes
Membranous Organelles also feature - -Endoplasmic reticulum
-Golgi Apparatus
-Lysosomes
-Peroxisomes
-Mitochondria
Non-Membranous Organelles are - not enclosed by a membrane and always in touch with the
cytosol.
Non-Membranous Organelles also consist of - -Cytoskeleton
-Microvilli
-Centrioles
-Cilia
-Ribosomes
-Proteasomes
,Cell Membrane - Provides isolation, support and protection; controls movement of materials in
and out of the cell; acts as a barrier between the cell and its environment
Cell Wall - Provides support that allows them to grow tall; provides protection; allows water,
oxygen and CO2 to diffuse in and out of the cell
The ________ is the Border of the Country because it surrounds the cell - Cell Membrane
The ________ is the City Wall in a medieval city because it is stronger than the Cell Membrane -
Cell Wall
The ______ is the solar energy panel of the cell because it uses sunlight to create energy for the
cell - Chloroplast
The _____ is the Lawns, Parks, Forest and Foliage of the cell because it is the cell landscape and
is found in any space where organelles aren't. - Cytoplasam
The _____ is the Steel Girders as they give each cell its distinctive shape and high level of
organization - Cytoskeleton
The ______ is the Highways and Road Systems because it its involved in so many of metabolic
processes - Endoplasmic Reticulum
The ______ is the Post Office/FedEx/UPS of the Cell because it sends proteins created by the ER
and ribosomes throughout the cell. - Golgi Apparatus
Contains the genetic info, 23 pairs in humans - Chromosomes
The _______ is the Recycling and Disposal Plants of the cell, as it is involved in breaking down
large molecules for either recycling or waste removal - Lysosomes
The________ is the Cell's Energy plant as it converts glucose to ATP - Mitochondria
The______ is the Brain of the Cell because it houses a majority of the genetic material and
controls all activity within the cell - Nucleus
Nuclear Membrane - Controls movement of materials in/out of nucleus
Nucleolus - Inside Nucleus, Makes Ribosomes
The _____ are the Protein Manufacturing Plants because they synthesize proteins - Ribosomes
Vacuoles and Vesicles - Bubbles in the cytosol that are responsible for storage of food, water,
waste with multiple functions. Involved in material transport.
Proteins make up ____ of the cell's structure - 50+%
, Proteins carry out ____ of the cell's functions - 90+%
What are the preferred fuel sources of the body? - Fatty acids and Glucose
What is Proteomics? - The study of composition, structure, function, and interactions of the
proteins directing the activities of each living cell
A human cell is capable of producing how many proteins? - 300,000
What are proteins? - They are organic (Carbon-containing) compounds made of amino acids
arranged in a linear chain and folded into a globular form.
What purpose does protein structure serve? - The structure of the protein serves as a medium
through which to regulate either the function of the protein or activity of an enzyme
The Size of a Synthesized Protein - Can by measured by the number of amino acids it contains
and its total molecular mass, which is normally reported in units of daltons
The four distinct aspects of a protein's structure are - Primary - Basic form
Secondary - Parts are formed
Tertiary - Parts are bonded to create whole. Controls basic function.
Quaternary - Several protein subunits (tertiary) functioning as a single protein complex.
Three main classes of tertiary protein structure - Globular Proteins - All are soluble, many are
enzymes
Fibrous Proteins - Often structural (collagen and keratin)
Membrane Proteins - Often serve as receptors, provide channels for cell membrane passing
Proteome - The set of proteins expressed in a particular cell or cell type
The Chief Characteristic of Proteins - Their ability to bind other molecules specifically and
tightly
Chief Priority of Enzymes - Carry out most of the reactions involved in metabolism, as well as
manipulating DNA in processes such as DNA replication, DNA repair, and transcription
Over______ different chemical reactions in the body are known to by catalyzed by enzymes -
4,000
What are the molecules bound and acted upon by enzymes called? - Substrates
What are protein components of an adaptive immune system whose main function is to bind
antigens, (or foreign substances) in the body, and target them for destruction? - Antibodies
A+
Cell Membrane - The outer boundary of a cell
DNA - Is a sequence of chemical bases that essentially stores information in a "code" that tells
the cell what proteins to make
When unraveled, how far would the DNA in each cell stretch? - 2-3 meters long
When unraveled, all of the DNA in a single body would stretch how far? - From the Earth to the
Sun and around 400 times
How many DNA are in the body? - Approximately 35,000 genes that make up 300,000 different
proteins
Gene Activation - Initiates with Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Polymerase binding to the gene. (RNA
Polymerase is a large protein)
Transcription - The formation of Messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) from DNA.
mRNA - Carries instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
What are the two types of organelles found in cells? - Membranous and Non-membranous
Membranous Organelles are surrounded by - Lipid Membranes
Membranous Organelles also feature - -Endoplasmic reticulum
-Golgi Apparatus
-Lysosomes
-Peroxisomes
-Mitochondria
Non-Membranous Organelles are - not enclosed by a membrane and always in touch with the
cytosol.
Non-Membranous Organelles also consist of - -Cytoskeleton
-Microvilli
-Centrioles
-Cilia
-Ribosomes
-Proteasomes
,Cell Membrane - Provides isolation, support and protection; controls movement of materials in
and out of the cell; acts as a barrier between the cell and its environment
Cell Wall - Provides support that allows them to grow tall; provides protection; allows water,
oxygen and CO2 to diffuse in and out of the cell
The ________ is the Border of the Country because it surrounds the cell - Cell Membrane
The ________ is the City Wall in a medieval city because it is stronger than the Cell Membrane -
Cell Wall
The ______ is the solar energy panel of the cell because it uses sunlight to create energy for the
cell - Chloroplast
The _____ is the Lawns, Parks, Forest and Foliage of the cell because it is the cell landscape and
is found in any space where organelles aren't. - Cytoplasam
The _____ is the Steel Girders as they give each cell its distinctive shape and high level of
organization - Cytoskeleton
The ______ is the Highways and Road Systems because it its involved in so many of metabolic
processes - Endoplasmic Reticulum
The ______ is the Post Office/FedEx/UPS of the Cell because it sends proteins created by the ER
and ribosomes throughout the cell. - Golgi Apparatus
Contains the genetic info, 23 pairs in humans - Chromosomes
The _______ is the Recycling and Disposal Plants of the cell, as it is involved in breaking down
large molecules for either recycling or waste removal - Lysosomes
The________ is the Cell's Energy plant as it converts glucose to ATP - Mitochondria
The______ is the Brain of the Cell because it houses a majority of the genetic material and
controls all activity within the cell - Nucleus
Nuclear Membrane - Controls movement of materials in/out of nucleus
Nucleolus - Inside Nucleus, Makes Ribosomes
The _____ are the Protein Manufacturing Plants because they synthesize proteins - Ribosomes
Vacuoles and Vesicles - Bubbles in the cytosol that are responsible for storage of food, water,
waste with multiple functions. Involved in material transport.
Proteins make up ____ of the cell's structure - 50+%
, Proteins carry out ____ of the cell's functions - 90+%
What are the preferred fuel sources of the body? - Fatty acids and Glucose
What is Proteomics? - The study of composition, structure, function, and interactions of the
proteins directing the activities of each living cell
A human cell is capable of producing how many proteins? - 300,000
What are proteins? - They are organic (Carbon-containing) compounds made of amino acids
arranged in a linear chain and folded into a globular form.
What purpose does protein structure serve? - The structure of the protein serves as a medium
through which to regulate either the function of the protein or activity of an enzyme
The Size of a Synthesized Protein - Can by measured by the number of amino acids it contains
and its total molecular mass, which is normally reported in units of daltons
The four distinct aspects of a protein's structure are - Primary - Basic form
Secondary - Parts are formed
Tertiary - Parts are bonded to create whole. Controls basic function.
Quaternary - Several protein subunits (tertiary) functioning as a single protein complex.
Three main classes of tertiary protein structure - Globular Proteins - All are soluble, many are
enzymes
Fibrous Proteins - Often structural (collagen and keratin)
Membrane Proteins - Often serve as receptors, provide channels for cell membrane passing
Proteome - The set of proteins expressed in a particular cell or cell type
The Chief Characteristic of Proteins - Their ability to bind other molecules specifically and
tightly
Chief Priority of Enzymes - Carry out most of the reactions involved in metabolism, as well as
manipulating DNA in processes such as DNA replication, DNA repair, and transcription
Over______ different chemical reactions in the body are known to by catalyzed by enzymes -
4,000
What are the molecules bound and acted upon by enzymes called? - Substrates
What are protein components of an adaptive immune system whose main function is to bind
antigens, (or foreign substances) in the body, and target them for destruction? - Antibodies
