WVU SM 380 Exam 1 Question and
answers already passed 2025
Role of Historical Research - correct answer A bridge connecting the past
with the present, and pointing the road to the future
What constitutes acceptable historical research? - correct answer A collection
of (essentially) primary sources organized systematically and logically that are
examined through inductive logic and hypothesis to reach provisional
generalizations before committing to final conclusions
inductive reasoning - correct answer Developing generalizations (theory) from
specific (and limited) observations - the "bottom-up logic".
Deductive reasoning - correct answer Developing specific predictions
(hypotheses) from general principle (theories) also known as the "Top-down
logic"
• Premise 1: A=B
• Premise 2: B=C
• Therefore, we know that A=C
Functionalist Theory (Top-Down) - correct answer • Social order is based on
consensus and shared social values.
• view sport as essential for teaching our youth basic values and norms in our
society.
• Work ethic, teamwork, sharing, fitness. The idea is that sport serves a
function for our society.
• Also, a way to keep young people engaged or busy or off the streets,
teaches obedience to authority, and prepares youth to be healthy and ready
for war..this serves a function.
,Conflict Theory (Top-Down) - correct answer • Society is a system of
structures & relationships shaped by economic forces & Power.
• Sports are studied in terms of how they promote economic exploitation &
capitalist expansion.
• Research focuses on how sports perpetuate the power and privilege of elite
groups in society.
Critical Theory (Bottom-up) - correct answer Social life is full of diversity,
complexities and contradictions.
• Whose voices are/are not represented?
• Sports are sites for cultural transformation
• So, sport is not just a "mere reflection on society".
• Involves action and political involvement
Feminist Theory (Bottom-up) - correct answer Sports are gendered activities
grounded primarily in the values and experiences of men with power and
influence
• takes on the notion that sports are gendered and have emerged from a male
domain. The values placed on dominance, competition, power, influence,
control have primarily been associated as cultural male values. Whereas
women were expected to take on differently roles.
Sport
Athlete - correct answer __________ - [from French] Desporte = to amuse
oneself, to divert (intrinsic reward)
__________ - [from the Greek language] Agon & Athlos = someone who
competes for the prize (extrinsic reward)
, Play - correct answer is purposeless activity, for its own sake, the opposite of
work. ______ is freedom, it is essentially non-unitarian. Mix between
spontaneous and organized.
Games - correct answer evolve from the absolute spontaneity to the need for
order.
• __________ can be non-competitive (leap frog) and competitive (basketball).
• A critical characteristic in competitive _________ (contests) is that they
include an outcome.
• Non-competitive and Competitive
Contests - correct answer Competitive games can be of two types:
"Intellectual _________" and "Physical ________" which Guttmann called
Sports.
The festive culture of Britain in the 17th Century - correct answer included
festivities and celebrations rooted in pagan, religious and daily life customs
and practices.
• Preferred sports included Stoolball, Foot Races, Quoits, and Skittles or
Ninepins.
• It also involved violent activities like Cudgeling, Throwing Stones at Cocks,
Cockfighting, Baiting the Bull, and Village Football
Village Football - correct answer had no common rules because it "depended
on time and place, and local customs" (Rader, 2004, p. 3).
• Nevertheless, in most instances it involved kicking, running, and throwing the
ball.
• The ball was an inflated animal bladder encased in leather.
• In some parts of England, the game was played between neighboring towns
including an unlimited number of players and the goal was to kick the ball into
the balcony of the opponents' church.
answers already passed 2025
Role of Historical Research - correct answer A bridge connecting the past
with the present, and pointing the road to the future
What constitutes acceptable historical research? - correct answer A collection
of (essentially) primary sources organized systematically and logically that are
examined through inductive logic and hypothesis to reach provisional
generalizations before committing to final conclusions
inductive reasoning - correct answer Developing generalizations (theory) from
specific (and limited) observations - the "bottom-up logic".
Deductive reasoning - correct answer Developing specific predictions
(hypotheses) from general principle (theories) also known as the "Top-down
logic"
• Premise 1: A=B
• Premise 2: B=C
• Therefore, we know that A=C
Functionalist Theory (Top-Down) - correct answer • Social order is based on
consensus and shared social values.
• view sport as essential for teaching our youth basic values and norms in our
society.
• Work ethic, teamwork, sharing, fitness. The idea is that sport serves a
function for our society.
• Also, a way to keep young people engaged or busy or off the streets,
teaches obedience to authority, and prepares youth to be healthy and ready
for war..this serves a function.
,Conflict Theory (Top-Down) - correct answer • Society is a system of
structures & relationships shaped by economic forces & Power.
• Sports are studied in terms of how they promote economic exploitation &
capitalist expansion.
• Research focuses on how sports perpetuate the power and privilege of elite
groups in society.
Critical Theory (Bottom-up) - correct answer Social life is full of diversity,
complexities and contradictions.
• Whose voices are/are not represented?
• Sports are sites for cultural transformation
• So, sport is not just a "mere reflection on society".
• Involves action and political involvement
Feminist Theory (Bottom-up) - correct answer Sports are gendered activities
grounded primarily in the values and experiences of men with power and
influence
• takes on the notion that sports are gendered and have emerged from a male
domain. The values placed on dominance, competition, power, influence,
control have primarily been associated as cultural male values. Whereas
women were expected to take on differently roles.
Sport
Athlete - correct answer __________ - [from French] Desporte = to amuse
oneself, to divert (intrinsic reward)
__________ - [from the Greek language] Agon & Athlos = someone who
competes for the prize (extrinsic reward)
, Play - correct answer is purposeless activity, for its own sake, the opposite of
work. ______ is freedom, it is essentially non-unitarian. Mix between
spontaneous and organized.
Games - correct answer evolve from the absolute spontaneity to the need for
order.
• __________ can be non-competitive (leap frog) and competitive (basketball).
• A critical characteristic in competitive _________ (contests) is that they
include an outcome.
• Non-competitive and Competitive
Contests - correct answer Competitive games can be of two types:
"Intellectual _________" and "Physical ________" which Guttmann called
Sports.
The festive culture of Britain in the 17th Century - correct answer included
festivities and celebrations rooted in pagan, religious and daily life customs
and practices.
• Preferred sports included Stoolball, Foot Races, Quoits, and Skittles or
Ninepins.
• It also involved violent activities like Cudgeling, Throwing Stones at Cocks,
Cockfighting, Baiting the Bull, and Village Football
Village Football - correct answer had no common rules because it "depended
on time and place, and local customs" (Rader, 2004, p. 3).
• Nevertheless, in most instances it involved kicking, running, and throwing the
ball.
• The ball was an inflated animal bladder encased in leather.
• In some parts of England, the game was played between neighboring towns
including an unlimited number of players and the goal was to kick the ball into
the balcony of the opponents' church.
