Campbell Biology Chapter 11
signal transduction pathway - ANS the process by which a signal on a cell's surface is
converted into a specific cellular response
biofilm - ANS A microbial community that usually forms as a slimy layer on a surface
local regulators - ANS Messenger molecules secreted by the signaling cell which only travel
short distance and influence cells in the local vicinity
growth factor - ANS one of a group of external regulatory proteins that stimulate the growth and
division of cells
paracrine signaling - ANS a type of local signaling where the target cell is close to the
signal-releasing cell
synaptic signaling - ANS a type of local signaling specific to neurotransmitters in nerve cells
hormones - ANS chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the endocrine glands,
that are produced in one tissue and affect another
long-distance signaling - ANS cell is secreting a hormone and the hormone must travel through
the blood stream to reach its target place.
3 stages of cell signaling - ANS 1. reception
2. transduction
3. response
Earl Sutherland - ANS 1971 Nobel Prize (In Med): discovered cAMP as a second messenger
while studying effects of epinephrine on phosphorylase.
reception - ANS the target cell's detection of a signal molecule coming from outside the cell
transduction - ANS in cellular communication, the conversion of a signal from outside the cell to
a form that can bring about a specific cellular response
signal transduction pathway - ANS A series of steps linking a mechanical or chemical stimulus
to a specific cellular response.
relay molecule - ANS molecule in a signal transduction pathway
signal transduction pathway - ANS the process by which a signal on a cell's surface is
converted into a specific cellular response
biofilm - ANS A microbial community that usually forms as a slimy layer on a surface
local regulators - ANS Messenger molecules secreted by the signaling cell which only travel
short distance and influence cells in the local vicinity
growth factor - ANS one of a group of external regulatory proteins that stimulate the growth and
division of cells
paracrine signaling - ANS a type of local signaling where the target cell is close to the
signal-releasing cell
synaptic signaling - ANS a type of local signaling specific to neurotransmitters in nerve cells
hormones - ANS chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the endocrine glands,
that are produced in one tissue and affect another
long-distance signaling - ANS cell is secreting a hormone and the hormone must travel through
the blood stream to reach its target place.
3 stages of cell signaling - ANS 1. reception
2. transduction
3. response
Earl Sutherland - ANS 1971 Nobel Prize (In Med): discovered cAMP as a second messenger
while studying effects of epinephrine on phosphorylase.
reception - ANS the target cell's detection of a signal molecule coming from outside the cell
transduction - ANS in cellular communication, the conversion of a signal from outside the cell to
a form that can bring about a specific cellular response
signal transduction pathway - ANS A series of steps linking a mechanical or chemical stimulus
to a specific cellular response.
relay molecule - ANS molecule in a signal transduction pathway
