CSN LEARY BIO 189 FINAL REVIEW
ACCURATE 100%
What characteristics define living organisms? - ANSWER metabolism,reproduction,
growth and development, possess DNA, evolution, diversity.
Reproduction - ANSWER Sexual and Asexual
possess DNA - ANSWER (and RNA)/ heredity
a hereditary unit is gene
Diversity - ANSWER Earths biological diversity is organized into Prokaryotes and
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes - ANSWER Domain:
Matter - ANSWER what atoms and molecules are made of
Atom - ANSWER basic unit of a chemical element
element - ANSWER A substance that cannot be chemically interconverted or broken
down into a simpler substance
Compound - ANSWER Molecules made up of 2 or more elements. (all compounds are
molecules not all molecules are compounds)
molecule - ANSWER a group of atoms bonded together
what 4 elements make up 96% of living matter? - ANSWER oxygen, carbon, hydrogen,
nitrogen
what elements make up 97.6%? - ANSWER CHNOPS (potassium and sulfur)
what is the most abundant element in the human body? - ANSWER Oxygen
How many naturally occurring elements are on earth - ANSWER 90 (Leary said 90 not
92)
Atomic nucleus - ANSWER where protons and neutrons are packed together in a tight
core
Atomic number - ANSWER Top number about the symbol. indicating its place on the
periodic table
, Mass number - ANSWER # of protons + # of neutrons
isoptope - ANSWER different atomic forms of the same element. have slightly different
masses all behave the same in chemical reactions.
half-life - ANSWER When a "parent" isotope decays into the "daughter" isotope at a
fixed rate.
Tracer - ANSWER an identifiable substance that can be followed through the course of
biological process. ex. dyes, radioactive isotope.
Charge and location of Protons, neutrons and electrons - ANSWER Protons- (+) in the
nucleus
Neutrons- (no charge) in the nucleus
Electrons- (-) in the outer shells
what is an energy shell` - ANSWER An orbit followed by electrons surrounding the
atoms nucleus.
What is a Dalton - ANSWER A unit used in expressing the molecular weight of proteins,
equivalent to the atomis mass unit.
1 dalton= 1.7x10^-24
how many electrons can the first 4 energy levels hold? - ANSWER first: 2
Second: 8 (2+6)
Third: 18 (2+6+10)
Fourth: 32 (2+6+10+14)
Anion - ANSWER when electrons are lost
What is an ionic bond - ANSWER in which one or more electrons is lost or gained and
attached to another atom
What is oxidation - ANSWER oxidation is loss of electrons during a reaction by a
molecule, atom or ion. it loses energy
What is reduction - ANSWER opposite of oxidation. Energy is gained.
OIL RIG - ANSWER Oxidation is Loss Reduction is Gain
What determines how an atom will interact with other atoms? - ANSWER The number
of electrons.
What determines the chemical identity of an atom? - ANSWER the number of protons.
Because chemical changes do not affect the nucleus.
ACCURATE 100%
What characteristics define living organisms? - ANSWER metabolism,reproduction,
growth and development, possess DNA, evolution, diversity.
Reproduction - ANSWER Sexual and Asexual
possess DNA - ANSWER (and RNA)/ heredity
a hereditary unit is gene
Diversity - ANSWER Earths biological diversity is organized into Prokaryotes and
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes - ANSWER Domain:
Matter - ANSWER what atoms and molecules are made of
Atom - ANSWER basic unit of a chemical element
element - ANSWER A substance that cannot be chemically interconverted or broken
down into a simpler substance
Compound - ANSWER Molecules made up of 2 or more elements. (all compounds are
molecules not all molecules are compounds)
molecule - ANSWER a group of atoms bonded together
what 4 elements make up 96% of living matter? - ANSWER oxygen, carbon, hydrogen,
nitrogen
what elements make up 97.6%? - ANSWER CHNOPS (potassium and sulfur)
what is the most abundant element in the human body? - ANSWER Oxygen
How many naturally occurring elements are on earth - ANSWER 90 (Leary said 90 not
92)
Atomic nucleus - ANSWER where protons and neutrons are packed together in a tight
core
Atomic number - ANSWER Top number about the symbol. indicating its place on the
periodic table
, Mass number - ANSWER # of protons + # of neutrons
isoptope - ANSWER different atomic forms of the same element. have slightly different
masses all behave the same in chemical reactions.
half-life - ANSWER When a "parent" isotope decays into the "daughter" isotope at a
fixed rate.
Tracer - ANSWER an identifiable substance that can be followed through the course of
biological process. ex. dyes, radioactive isotope.
Charge and location of Protons, neutrons and electrons - ANSWER Protons- (+) in the
nucleus
Neutrons- (no charge) in the nucleus
Electrons- (-) in the outer shells
what is an energy shell` - ANSWER An orbit followed by electrons surrounding the
atoms nucleus.
What is a Dalton - ANSWER A unit used in expressing the molecular weight of proteins,
equivalent to the atomis mass unit.
1 dalton= 1.7x10^-24
how many electrons can the first 4 energy levels hold? - ANSWER first: 2
Second: 8 (2+6)
Third: 18 (2+6+10)
Fourth: 32 (2+6+10+14)
Anion - ANSWER when electrons are lost
What is an ionic bond - ANSWER in which one or more electrons is lost or gained and
attached to another atom
What is oxidation - ANSWER oxidation is loss of electrons during a reaction by a
molecule, atom or ion. it loses energy
What is reduction - ANSWER opposite of oxidation. Energy is gained.
OIL RIG - ANSWER Oxidation is Loss Reduction is Gain
What determines how an atom will interact with other atoms? - ANSWER The number
of electrons.
What determines the chemical identity of an atom? - ANSWER the number of protons.
Because chemical changes do not affect the nucleus.
