WEEK 15 BIO 189 FINAL EXAM|| 2025
LATEST UPDATE|| CORRECT 100%
endocrine system - ANSWER is the bodies main system for internal chemical regulation
It is the bodies chemical communication system
what is hormones? - ANSWER are regulatory chemicals that affect specific sites in the
body.
they are made by endocrine glands
How are hormones transported through the body? - ANSWER They are released
directly into the bloodstream by the endocrine system and carried throughout the body.
What is a target cell? - ANSWER a cell that bears receptors for a hormone, drug, or
other signaling molecule, or is the focus of contact by a virus, phagocyte, nerve fiber,
etc.
Hydrophilic hormones vs. hydrophobic hormones - how do they interact with their target
cells? Where are the hormone receptors - ANSWER
what are hydrophobic hormones? - ANSWER hydrophobic hormones can pass through
the plasma membrane and bind to a receptor inside the cell.
steroids
what are hydrophillic hormones? - ANSWER Hydrophilic hormones typically bind to
receptors on the cell surface,
epinephrine; peptide hormones
Know which organs are present in the endocrine system ? - ANSWER hypothalamus,
pituitary gland , anterior lobe, posterior lobe, , thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, pineal
body, and the reproductive organs (ovaries and testes)
pancreas
What is the hypothalamus? - ANSWER main control center of the endocrine center , it is
part of the brain that receives information from the nervous system and sends out
appropriate responses.
Anterior vs. Posterior Pituitary gland - location, difference in source of hormones,
general functions - ANSWER
, What is the anterior pituitary? - ANSWER it synthesizes its own hormones such as
follicle-stimulation hormone FSH luteinizing hormone LH and prolactin PRL and
secretes them directly into the blood
it also secretes growth hormone, which can have a broad effect on the body.
what is the posterior pituitary gland? - ANSWER store and secretes hormones made in
the hypothalamus
one of these hormones, .antidirurectic hormones ADH directs the activity of the kidneys
what are the Growth Hormone and its significance to human growth - what are the
target cells of GH? - ANSWER GH Is a hormone that stimulates growth in animal or
plant cells, especially (in animals) a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland.
it is produced in the anterior pituitary gland
it targets is bones and muscles
what are the consequences of overproduction of GH? - ANSWER Gigantism is excess
GH in childhood
Acromegaly is excess GH in adulthood - hands and feet are large
what is the adrenal gland? - ANSWER located above the kidneys there are two
each adrenal gland is 2 glands in one
the adrenal medulla - middle
the adrenal cortex- outer layer
the hormones produced by the adrenal glands enable the body to respond to stress
adrenal medulla - ANSWER sudden stressful stimuli, whether negative or positive,
activate nerve cells in the hypothalamus that send signals to stimulate the adrenal
medulla
epinephrine (adrenalin and norepinephrine (norepinephrine) are the fight or flight
hormones that the adrenal medulla secretes
it ensures a rapid, short term response to stress
adrenal cortex - ANSWER is stimulated by hormones from the hypothalamus
it secretes hormones that provide a slower longer-lasting response to stress
these are known as corticosteroids
What is the fight or flight response? - ANSWER a physiological reaction that occurs in
response to a perceived harmful event, attack, or threat to survival
LATEST UPDATE|| CORRECT 100%
endocrine system - ANSWER is the bodies main system for internal chemical regulation
It is the bodies chemical communication system
what is hormones? - ANSWER are regulatory chemicals that affect specific sites in the
body.
they are made by endocrine glands
How are hormones transported through the body? - ANSWER They are released
directly into the bloodstream by the endocrine system and carried throughout the body.
What is a target cell? - ANSWER a cell that bears receptors for a hormone, drug, or
other signaling molecule, or is the focus of contact by a virus, phagocyte, nerve fiber,
etc.
Hydrophilic hormones vs. hydrophobic hormones - how do they interact with their target
cells? Where are the hormone receptors - ANSWER
what are hydrophobic hormones? - ANSWER hydrophobic hormones can pass through
the plasma membrane and bind to a receptor inside the cell.
steroids
what are hydrophillic hormones? - ANSWER Hydrophilic hormones typically bind to
receptors on the cell surface,
epinephrine; peptide hormones
Know which organs are present in the endocrine system ? - ANSWER hypothalamus,
pituitary gland , anterior lobe, posterior lobe, , thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, pineal
body, and the reproductive organs (ovaries and testes)
pancreas
What is the hypothalamus? - ANSWER main control center of the endocrine center , it is
part of the brain that receives information from the nervous system and sends out
appropriate responses.
Anterior vs. Posterior Pituitary gland - location, difference in source of hormones,
general functions - ANSWER
, What is the anterior pituitary? - ANSWER it synthesizes its own hormones such as
follicle-stimulation hormone FSH luteinizing hormone LH and prolactin PRL and
secretes them directly into the blood
it also secretes growth hormone, which can have a broad effect on the body.
what is the posterior pituitary gland? - ANSWER store and secretes hormones made in
the hypothalamus
one of these hormones, .antidirurectic hormones ADH directs the activity of the kidneys
what are the Growth Hormone and its significance to human growth - what are the
target cells of GH? - ANSWER GH Is a hormone that stimulates growth in animal or
plant cells, especially (in animals) a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland.
it is produced in the anterior pituitary gland
it targets is bones and muscles
what are the consequences of overproduction of GH? - ANSWER Gigantism is excess
GH in childhood
Acromegaly is excess GH in adulthood - hands and feet are large
what is the adrenal gland? - ANSWER located above the kidneys there are two
each adrenal gland is 2 glands in one
the adrenal medulla - middle
the adrenal cortex- outer layer
the hormones produced by the adrenal glands enable the body to respond to stress
adrenal medulla - ANSWER sudden stressful stimuli, whether negative or positive,
activate nerve cells in the hypothalamus that send signals to stimulate the adrenal
medulla
epinephrine (adrenalin and norepinephrine (norepinephrine) are the fight or flight
hormones that the adrenal medulla secretes
it ensures a rapid, short term response to stress
adrenal cortex - ANSWER is stimulated by hormones from the hypothalamus
it secretes hormones that provide a slower longer-lasting response to stress
these are known as corticosteroids
What is the fight or flight response? - ANSWER a physiological reaction that occurs in
response to a perceived harmful event, attack, or threat to survival
