FULL TEST BANK FOR NURSING INTERVENTIONS AND CLINICAL SKILLS 7TH
EDITION BY POTTER COMPLETE CHAPTERS LATEST
,CONTENTS
CHAPTER 01: USING EVIDENCE IN NURSING PRACTICE ..................................................................... 3
CHAPTER 02: COMMUNICATION AND COLLABORATION ................................................................... 8
CHAPTER 03: DOCUMENTATION AND INFORMATICS ...................................................................... 21
CHAPTER 04: PATIENT SAFETY AND QUALITY IMPROVEMENT......................................................... 29
CHAPTER 05: INFECTION CONTROL ................................................................................................ 45
CHAPTER 06: DISASTER PREPAREDNESS ......................................................................................... 58
CHAPTER 07: VITAL SIGNS ............................................................................................................. 66
CHAPTER 08: HEALTH ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................... 79
CHAPTER 09: SPECIMEN COLLECTION ............................................................................................ 97
CHAPTER 10: DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES ..................................................................................... 112
CHAPTER 11: BATHING AND PERSONAL HYGIENE......................................................................... 126
CHAPTER 12: CARE OF THE EYE AND EAR ..................................................................................... 138
CHAPTER 13: PROMOTING NUTRITION ........................................................................................ 148
CHAPTER 14: PARENTERAL NUTRITION ........................................................................................ 168
CHAPTER 15: PAIN MANAGEMENT .............................................................................................. 174
CHAPTER 16: PROMOTING OXYGENATION................................................................................... 189
CHAPTER 17: SAFE PATIENT HANDLING ....................................................................................... 204
CHAPTER 18: EXERCISE, MOBILITY, & IMMOBILIZATION DEVICES.................................................. 218
CHAPTER 19: URINARY ELIMINATION .......................................................................................... 228
CHAPTER 20: BOWEL ELIMINATION ............................................................................................. 241
CHAPTER 21: OSTOMY CARE ....................................................................................................... 253
CHAPTER 22: PREPARATION FOR SAFE MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION ........................................ 261
CHAPTER 23: NON PARENTERAL MEDICATIONS ........................................................................... 273
CHAPTER 24: PARENTERAL MEDICATIONS ................................................................................... 288
CHAPTER 25: WOUND CARE AND IRRIGATION ............................................................................. 305
CHAPTER 26: PRESSURE INJURY PREVENTION AND CARE.............................................................. 321
CHAPTER 27: DRESSINGS, BANDAGES, AND BINDERS ................................................................... 337
CHAPTER 28: INTRAVENOUS THERAPY......................................................................................... 349
CHAPTER 29: PRE-OPERATIVE AND POST-OPERATIVE CARE .......................................................... 365
CHAPTER 30: EMERGENCY MEASURES FOR LIFE SUPPORT ............................................................ 382
CHAPTER 31: END-OF-LIFE CARE .................................................................................................. 397
CHAPTER 32: HOME CARE SAFETY ............................................................................................... 409
,CHAPTER 01: USING EVIDENCE IN NURSING PRACTICE
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A NURSING EDUCATOR IS EXPLAINING HOW THE BEST CLINICAL PRACTICES ARE
DETERMINED. WHICH STATEMENT BEST EXPLAINS THE PURPOSE OF EVIDENCE-BASED
PRACTICE?
a. IT ENSURES THAT ALL PATIENTS RECEIVE HOLISTIC CARE.
b. IT PROVIDES A DEFINITE REASON FOR PROVIDING CARE IN A SPECIFIC MANNER.
c. IT PREVENTS ERRORS WHEN CARE IS BEING DELIVERED.
d. IT GUARANTEES THAT CARE DELIVERED IS BASED ON
RESEARCH. ANS: B
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE IS THE USE OF THE CURRENT BEST EVIDENCE IN MAKING PATIENT CARE
DECISIONS. IT APPLIES TO ALL TYPES OF HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS. CURRENTLY THERE IS NO
METHOD THAT CAN ENSURE THAT ALL PATIENTS RECEIVE HOLISTIC CARE, THAT ALL ERRORS CAN BE
PREVENTED, OR THAT A GUARANTEE EXISTS THAT CARE GIVEN IS BASED ON RESEARCH.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: UNDERSTANDING OBJ: NCLEX: SAFE AND EFFECTIVE CARE ENVIRONMENT
TOP: NURSING PROCESS: IMPLEMENTATION
2. WHICH QUESTION IS A PROBLEM-FOCUSED TRIGGER FOR INITIATING THE EVIDENCE-BASED
PRACTICE METHOD IN NURSING CARE?
a. WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT REDUCTION OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN THE OLDER ADULT WITH
DIABETES?
b. HOW CAN CHRONIC PAIN BEST BE DESCRIBED WHEN THE PATIENT IS NONVERBAL?
c. HOW LONG CAN AN IV CATHETER REMAIN IN PLACE IN A PATIENT WITH OBESITY?
d. WHAT MEASURES CAN THE NURSE TAKE TO REDUCE THE RISING INCIDENCE OF URINARY
TRACT INFECTIONS ON THE OLDER ADULT CARE UNIT?
ANS: D
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE (EBP) QUESTIONS TEND TO ARISE FROM TWO SOURCES: RECURRENT
PROBLEMS OR NEW KNOWLEDGE. IN THE CORRECT OPTION, THE INCREASE IN URINARY TRACT
INFECTIONS INDICATES A TREND OR RECURRING PROBLEM IN A SPECIFIC GROUP OF PATIENTS. THE
OTHER QUESTIONS ARE GENERAL INFORMATION QUESTIONS, NOT BASED ON WHAT IS HAPPENING IN
A SPECIFIC AREA OR TO A GROUP OF SPECIFIC PATIENTS IN AN AREA OR RELATING TO AN OBSERVED
TREND.
,DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: APPLYING OBJ: NCLEX: SAFE AND EFFECTIVE CARE ENVIRONMENT TOP:
NURSING PROCESS: IMPLEMENTATION
3. WHAT DOES THE “I” INDICATE IN A “PICO” QUESTION?
a. INTERVENTION OF INTEREST
b. INCORPORATION OF CONCEPTS
c. IMPLEMENTATION BY NURSING
d. INTEREST OF
PERSONNEL ANS: A
THE “I” STANDS FOR INTERVENTION OF INTEREST, MEANING WHAT THE NURSE HOPES TO USE IN PRACTICE
AND BELIEVES IS WORTHWHILE OR VALUABLE. THIS COULD BE A TREATMENT FOR A SPECIFIC TYPE OF
WOUND OR AN APPROACH ON HOW TO TEACH FOOD PREPARATION FOR A PATIENT WITH IMPAIRED
SIGHT.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: REMEMBERING OBJ: NCLEX: SAFE AND EFFECTIVE CARE ENVIRONMENT
TOP: NURSING PROCESS: IMPLEMENTATION
4. WHO WILL THE CLINICAL RESEARCH NURSE CONTACT TO SEARCH RELEVANT DATABASES IN
PREPARATION FOR AN UPCOMING STUDY?
a. THE PHYSICIAN WHOSE PATIENTS MAY BE INVOLVED IN THE STUDY
b. THE MEDICAL LIBRARIAN
c. THE NURSE MANAGER OF THE UNIT WHERE THE STUDY WILL BE CONDUCTED
d. THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING OF THE
FACILITY ANS: B
THE MEDICAL LIBRARIAN IS MOST KNOWLEDGEABLE REGARDING DATABASES RELEVANT TO A STUDY.
THE OTHER INDIVIDUALS DO NOT HAVE THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING RELEVANT DATABASES.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: UNDERSTANDING OBJ: NCLEX: SAFE AND EFFECTIVE CARE ENVIRONMENT
TOP: NURSING PROCESS: IMPLEMENTATION
5. WHICH DATABASE CONTAINS SUMMARIES OF CLINICAL GUIDELINES AND THEIR DEVELOPMENT?
a. MEDLINE
b. CINAHL
,c. COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
d. THE NATIONAL GUIDELINE
CLEARINGHOUSE ANS: D
THE NATIONAL GUIDELINE CLEARINGHOUSE IS A DATABASE SUPPORTED BY THE AGENCY FOR
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH AND QUALITY. IT CONTAINS SUMMARIES OF CLINICAL GUIDELINES FOR
PRACTICE. MEDLINE IS A DATABASE FOR STUDIES IN MEDICINE, NURSING, DENTISTRY, PSYCHIATRY,
VETERINARY MEDICINE,
AND
ALLIED HEALTH. CINAHL (CUMULATIVE INDEX OF NURSING AND ALLIED HEALTH LITERATURE) INCLUDES
STUDIES IN NURSING, ALLIED HEALTH, AND BIOMEDICINE. THE COCHRANE DATABASE FULL TEXT OF
REGULARLY UPDATED SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS PREPARED BY THE COCHRANE COLLABORATION INCLUDES
COMPLETED REVIEWS AND PROTOCOLS.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: REMEMBERING OBJ: NCLEX: SAFE AND EFFECTIVE CARE ENVIRONMENT
TOP: NURSING PROCESS: IMPLEMENTATION
6. WHICH DOES THE NURSE RESEARCHER IDENTIFY AS THE STRONGEST TYPE OF RESEARCH?
a. RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS
b. A QUALITATIVE STUDY
c. A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY
d. A CASE CONTROLLED
STUDY ANS: A
INDIVIDUAL RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS ARE CLOSE TO THE TOP OF THE RESEARCH PYRAMID.
ONLY SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS AND META-ANALYSES ARE HIGHER. THIS TYPE OF STUDY TESTS AN
INTERVENTION AGAINST THE USUAL STANDARD OF CARE. THE OTHER TYPES OF STUDIES ARE USEFUL
BUT DO NOT GIVE THE SAME TYPE OF INFORMATION AS A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
PROVIDES.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: REMEMBERING OBJ: NCLEX: SAFE AND EFFECTIVE CARE ENVIRONMENT
TOP: NURSING PROCESS: ASSESSMENT
7. WHAT IS THE NURSE ATTEMPTING TO DETERMINE WHEN CRITIQUING THE EVIDENCE
RELATED TO A PICOT QUESTION?
a. THE ETHICAL CONDUCT OF THE RESEARCH THE NURSE READ
b. THE STRENGTH OF THE EVIDENCE FOUND IN THE LITERATURE
c. IF THERE ARE ANY EXPERTS IN THE CLINICAL QUESTION NEEDING TO BE RESEARCHED
d. IF THE STUDY DEMONSTRATES COST-EFFECTIVENESS IF A CHANGE IN
PRACTICE OCCURS ANS: B
, ONCE A LITERATURE SEARCH IS COMPLETE AND DATA ARE GATHERED ABOUT THE QUESTION, IT IS
TIME TO CRITIQUE THE EVIDENCE. CRITIQUING THE EVIDENCE INVOLVES A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO
LOOKING AT THE STRENGTH OF THE WORK REVIEWED AND ITS RELEVANCE. THE OTHER QUESTIONS
ARE NOT APPLICABLE TO CRITIQUING THE EVIDENCE.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: UNDERSTANDING OBJ: NCLEX: SAFE AND EFFECTIVE CARE ENVIRONMENT
TOP: NURSING PROCESS: IMPLEMENTATION
8. A NURSE FINDS A COHORT STUDY COMPARING ONE GROUP TAKING HORMONE
TREATMENT WITH ANOTHER GROUP NOT TAKING HORMONE TREATMENT TO DETERMINE THE
INCIDENCE OF CHANGES IN BONE DENSITY OF THE LOWER SPINE. WHAT CAN THE NURSE IMPLY
FROM THIS STUDY?
a. LOW LEVEL OF STRENGTH MAKES THE STUDY LIMITED IN VALUE.
b. MODERATE LEVEL OF STRENGTH MAKES THE STUDY PROBABLY USEFUL.
c. OPINIONS OF THE INDIVIDUALS IN THE COHORT ARE NOT RESEARCH.
d. THIS COULD BE THE BASIS FOR A QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
PROJECT. ANS: B
A COHORT STUDY IS LEVEL 4 EVIDENCE AS IT IS A SINGLE, NON-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY. THIS MODERATE
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE MAKES THE STUDY PROBABLY USEFUL BUT THE NURSE SHOULD STRIVE TO FIND
STRONGER EVIDENCE. N
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: APPLYING OBJ: NCLEX: SAFE AND EFFECTIVE CARE ENVIRONMENT TOP:
NURSING PROCESS: EVALUATION
9. WHICH QUESTION WOULD BE THE BEST EXAMPLE OF A KNOWLEDGE-FOCUSED TRIGGER FOR
CONDUCTING AN EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE PROJECT?
a. WHAT IS THE BEST METHOD FOR TREATMENT OF LEG SWELLING WHEN A PATIENT IS
TAKING GABAPENTIN (NEURONTIN)?
b. HOW CAN WE DECREASE THE INCIDENCE OF SKIN CANCER IN ADULTS OVER THE AGE OF 65?
c. WHAT IS THE CURRENT EVIDENCE FOR IMPROVING ORAL INTAKE FOR CANCER PATIENTS WITH
STOMATITIS?
d. WHAT IS THE MAXIMAL LENGTH OF TIME OUR HOSPITAL ALLOWS IRRIGATION
KITS TO BE USED? ANS: C
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE (EBP) QUESTIONS TEND TO ARISE FROM TWO SOURCES: RECURRENT
PROBLEMS OR NEW KNOWLEDGE. IN THIS EXAMPLE, THE NEW KNOWLEDGE THAT DRIVES THE
QUESTION IS THE ONE LOOKING AT CURRENT EVIDENCE. THE OTHER QUESTIONS DO NOT LOOK AT THE
NEWEST KNOWLEDGE TO FORM A QUESTION TO RESEARCH.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: ANALYZING OBJ: NCLEX: SAFE AND EFFECTIVE CARE ENVIRONMENT TOP:
NURSING PROCESS: IMPLEMENTATION
EDITION BY POTTER COMPLETE CHAPTERS LATEST
,CONTENTS
CHAPTER 01: USING EVIDENCE IN NURSING PRACTICE ..................................................................... 3
CHAPTER 02: COMMUNICATION AND COLLABORATION ................................................................... 8
CHAPTER 03: DOCUMENTATION AND INFORMATICS ...................................................................... 21
CHAPTER 04: PATIENT SAFETY AND QUALITY IMPROVEMENT......................................................... 29
CHAPTER 05: INFECTION CONTROL ................................................................................................ 45
CHAPTER 06: DISASTER PREPAREDNESS ......................................................................................... 58
CHAPTER 07: VITAL SIGNS ............................................................................................................. 66
CHAPTER 08: HEALTH ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................... 79
CHAPTER 09: SPECIMEN COLLECTION ............................................................................................ 97
CHAPTER 10: DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES ..................................................................................... 112
CHAPTER 11: BATHING AND PERSONAL HYGIENE......................................................................... 126
CHAPTER 12: CARE OF THE EYE AND EAR ..................................................................................... 138
CHAPTER 13: PROMOTING NUTRITION ........................................................................................ 148
CHAPTER 14: PARENTERAL NUTRITION ........................................................................................ 168
CHAPTER 15: PAIN MANAGEMENT .............................................................................................. 174
CHAPTER 16: PROMOTING OXYGENATION................................................................................... 189
CHAPTER 17: SAFE PATIENT HANDLING ....................................................................................... 204
CHAPTER 18: EXERCISE, MOBILITY, & IMMOBILIZATION DEVICES.................................................. 218
CHAPTER 19: URINARY ELIMINATION .......................................................................................... 228
CHAPTER 20: BOWEL ELIMINATION ............................................................................................. 241
CHAPTER 21: OSTOMY CARE ....................................................................................................... 253
CHAPTER 22: PREPARATION FOR SAFE MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION ........................................ 261
CHAPTER 23: NON PARENTERAL MEDICATIONS ........................................................................... 273
CHAPTER 24: PARENTERAL MEDICATIONS ................................................................................... 288
CHAPTER 25: WOUND CARE AND IRRIGATION ............................................................................. 305
CHAPTER 26: PRESSURE INJURY PREVENTION AND CARE.............................................................. 321
CHAPTER 27: DRESSINGS, BANDAGES, AND BINDERS ................................................................... 337
CHAPTER 28: INTRAVENOUS THERAPY......................................................................................... 349
CHAPTER 29: PRE-OPERATIVE AND POST-OPERATIVE CARE .......................................................... 365
CHAPTER 30: EMERGENCY MEASURES FOR LIFE SUPPORT ............................................................ 382
CHAPTER 31: END-OF-LIFE CARE .................................................................................................. 397
CHAPTER 32: HOME CARE SAFETY ............................................................................................... 409
,CHAPTER 01: USING EVIDENCE IN NURSING PRACTICE
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A NURSING EDUCATOR IS EXPLAINING HOW THE BEST CLINICAL PRACTICES ARE
DETERMINED. WHICH STATEMENT BEST EXPLAINS THE PURPOSE OF EVIDENCE-BASED
PRACTICE?
a. IT ENSURES THAT ALL PATIENTS RECEIVE HOLISTIC CARE.
b. IT PROVIDES A DEFINITE REASON FOR PROVIDING CARE IN A SPECIFIC MANNER.
c. IT PREVENTS ERRORS WHEN CARE IS BEING DELIVERED.
d. IT GUARANTEES THAT CARE DELIVERED IS BASED ON
RESEARCH. ANS: B
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE IS THE USE OF THE CURRENT BEST EVIDENCE IN MAKING PATIENT CARE
DECISIONS. IT APPLIES TO ALL TYPES OF HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS. CURRENTLY THERE IS NO
METHOD THAT CAN ENSURE THAT ALL PATIENTS RECEIVE HOLISTIC CARE, THAT ALL ERRORS CAN BE
PREVENTED, OR THAT A GUARANTEE EXISTS THAT CARE GIVEN IS BASED ON RESEARCH.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: UNDERSTANDING OBJ: NCLEX: SAFE AND EFFECTIVE CARE ENVIRONMENT
TOP: NURSING PROCESS: IMPLEMENTATION
2. WHICH QUESTION IS A PROBLEM-FOCUSED TRIGGER FOR INITIATING THE EVIDENCE-BASED
PRACTICE METHOD IN NURSING CARE?
a. WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT REDUCTION OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN THE OLDER ADULT WITH
DIABETES?
b. HOW CAN CHRONIC PAIN BEST BE DESCRIBED WHEN THE PATIENT IS NONVERBAL?
c. HOW LONG CAN AN IV CATHETER REMAIN IN PLACE IN A PATIENT WITH OBESITY?
d. WHAT MEASURES CAN THE NURSE TAKE TO REDUCE THE RISING INCIDENCE OF URINARY
TRACT INFECTIONS ON THE OLDER ADULT CARE UNIT?
ANS: D
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE (EBP) QUESTIONS TEND TO ARISE FROM TWO SOURCES: RECURRENT
PROBLEMS OR NEW KNOWLEDGE. IN THE CORRECT OPTION, THE INCREASE IN URINARY TRACT
INFECTIONS INDICATES A TREND OR RECURRING PROBLEM IN A SPECIFIC GROUP OF PATIENTS. THE
OTHER QUESTIONS ARE GENERAL INFORMATION QUESTIONS, NOT BASED ON WHAT IS HAPPENING IN
A SPECIFIC AREA OR TO A GROUP OF SPECIFIC PATIENTS IN AN AREA OR RELATING TO AN OBSERVED
TREND.
,DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: APPLYING OBJ: NCLEX: SAFE AND EFFECTIVE CARE ENVIRONMENT TOP:
NURSING PROCESS: IMPLEMENTATION
3. WHAT DOES THE “I” INDICATE IN A “PICO” QUESTION?
a. INTERVENTION OF INTEREST
b. INCORPORATION OF CONCEPTS
c. IMPLEMENTATION BY NURSING
d. INTEREST OF
PERSONNEL ANS: A
THE “I” STANDS FOR INTERVENTION OF INTEREST, MEANING WHAT THE NURSE HOPES TO USE IN PRACTICE
AND BELIEVES IS WORTHWHILE OR VALUABLE. THIS COULD BE A TREATMENT FOR A SPECIFIC TYPE OF
WOUND OR AN APPROACH ON HOW TO TEACH FOOD PREPARATION FOR A PATIENT WITH IMPAIRED
SIGHT.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: REMEMBERING OBJ: NCLEX: SAFE AND EFFECTIVE CARE ENVIRONMENT
TOP: NURSING PROCESS: IMPLEMENTATION
4. WHO WILL THE CLINICAL RESEARCH NURSE CONTACT TO SEARCH RELEVANT DATABASES IN
PREPARATION FOR AN UPCOMING STUDY?
a. THE PHYSICIAN WHOSE PATIENTS MAY BE INVOLVED IN THE STUDY
b. THE MEDICAL LIBRARIAN
c. THE NURSE MANAGER OF THE UNIT WHERE THE STUDY WILL BE CONDUCTED
d. THE DIRECTOR OF NURSING OF THE
FACILITY ANS: B
THE MEDICAL LIBRARIAN IS MOST KNOWLEDGEABLE REGARDING DATABASES RELEVANT TO A STUDY.
THE OTHER INDIVIDUALS DO NOT HAVE THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING RELEVANT DATABASES.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: UNDERSTANDING OBJ: NCLEX: SAFE AND EFFECTIVE CARE ENVIRONMENT
TOP: NURSING PROCESS: IMPLEMENTATION
5. WHICH DATABASE CONTAINS SUMMARIES OF CLINICAL GUIDELINES AND THEIR DEVELOPMENT?
a. MEDLINE
b. CINAHL
,c. COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
d. THE NATIONAL GUIDELINE
CLEARINGHOUSE ANS: D
THE NATIONAL GUIDELINE CLEARINGHOUSE IS A DATABASE SUPPORTED BY THE AGENCY FOR
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH AND QUALITY. IT CONTAINS SUMMARIES OF CLINICAL GUIDELINES FOR
PRACTICE. MEDLINE IS A DATABASE FOR STUDIES IN MEDICINE, NURSING, DENTISTRY, PSYCHIATRY,
VETERINARY MEDICINE,
AND
ALLIED HEALTH. CINAHL (CUMULATIVE INDEX OF NURSING AND ALLIED HEALTH LITERATURE) INCLUDES
STUDIES IN NURSING, ALLIED HEALTH, AND BIOMEDICINE. THE COCHRANE DATABASE FULL TEXT OF
REGULARLY UPDATED SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS PREPARED BY THE COCHRANE COLLABORATION INCLUDES
COMPLETED REVIEWS AND PROTOCOLS.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: REMEMBERING OBJ: NCLEX: SAFE AND EFFECTIVE CARE ENVIRONMENT
TOP: NURSING PROCESS: IMPLEMENTATION
6. WHICH DOES THE NURSE RESEARCHER IDENTIFY AS THE STRONGEST TYPE OF RESEARCH?
a. RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS
b. A QUALITATIVE STUDY
c. A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY
d. A CASE CONTROLLED
STUDY ANS: A
INDIVIDUAL RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS ARE CLOSE TO THE TOP OF THE RESEARCH PYRAMID.
ONLY SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS AND META-ANALYSES ARE HIGHER. THIS TYPE OF STUDY TESTS AN
INTERVENTION AGAINST THE USUAL STANDARD OF CARE. THE OTHER TYPES OF STUDIES ARE USEFUL
BUT DO NOT GIVE THE SAME TYPE OF INFORMATION AS A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
PROVIDES.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: REMEMBERING OBJ: NCLEX: SAFE AND EFFECTIVE CARE ENVIRONMENT
TOP: NURSING PROCESS: ASSESSMENT
7. WHAT IS THE NURSE ATTEMPTING TO DETERMINE WHEN CRITIQUING THE EVIDENCE
RELATED TO A PICOT QUESTION?
a. THE ETHICAL CONDUCT OF THE RESEARCH THE NURSE READ
b. THE STRENGTH OF THE EVIDENCE FOUND IN THE LITERATURE
c. IF THERE ARE ANY EXPERTS IN THE CLINICAL QUESTION NEEDING TO BE RESEARCHED
d. IF THE STUDY DEMONSTRATES COST-EFFECTIVENESS IF A CHANGE IN
PRACTICE OCCURS ANS: B
, ONCE A LITERATURE SEARCH IS COMPLETE AND DATA ARE GATHERED ABOUT THE QUESTION, IT IS
TIME TO CRITIQUE THE EVIDENCE. CRITIQUING THE EVIDENCE INVOLVES A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO
LOOKING AT THE STRENGTH OF THE WORK REVIEWED AND ITS RELEVANCE. THE OTHER QUESTIONS
ARE NOT APPLICABLE TO CRITIQUING THE EVIDENCE.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: UNDERSTANDING OBJ: NCLEX: SAFE AND EFFECTIVE CARE ENVIRONMENT
TOP: NURSING PROCESS: IMPLEMENTATION
8. A NURSE FINDS A COHORT STUDY COMPARING ONE GROUP TAKING HORMONE
TREATMENT WITH ANOTHER GROUP NOT TAKING HORMONE TREATMENT TO DETERMINE THE
INCIDENCE OF CHANGES IN BONE DENSITY OF THE LOWER SPINE. WHAT CAN THE NURSE IMPLY
FROM THIS STUDY?
a. LOW LEVEL OF STRENGTH MAKES THE STUDY LIMITED IN VALUE.
b. MODERATE LEVEL OF STRENGTH MAKES THE STUDY PROBABLY USEFUL.
c. OPINIONS OF THE INDIVIDUALS IN THE COHORT ARE NOT RESEARCH.
d. THIS COULD BE THE BASIS FOR A QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
PROJECT. ANS: B
A COHORT STUDY IS LEVEL 4 EVIDENCE AS IT IS A SINGLE, NON-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY. THIS MODERATE
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE MAKES THE STUDY PROBABLY USEFUL BUT THE NURSE SHOULD STRIVE TO FIND
STRONGER EVIDENCE. N
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: APPLYING OBJ: NCLEX: SAFE AND EFFECTIVE CARE ENVIRONMENT TOP:
NURSING PROCESS: EVALUATION
9. WHICH QUESTION WOULD BE THE BEST EXAMPLE OF A KNOWLEDGE-FOCUSED TRIGGER FOR
CONDUCTING AN EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE PROJECT?
a. WHAT IS THE BEST METHOD FOR TREATMENT OF LEG SWELLING WHEN A PATIENT IS
TAKING GABAPENTIN (NEURONTIN)?
b. HOW CAN WE DECREASE THE INCIDENCE OF SKIN CANCER IN ADULTS OVER THE AGE OF 65?
c. WHAT IS THE CURRENT EVIDENCE FOR IMPROVING ORAL INTAKE FOR CANCER PATIENTS WITH
STOMATITIS?
d. WHAT IS THE MAXIMAL LENGTH OF TIME OUR HOSPITAL ALLOWS IRRIGATION
KITS TO BE USED? ANS: C
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE (EBP) QUESTIONS TEND TO ARISE FROM TWO SOURCES: RECURRENT
PROBLEMS OR NEW KNOWLEDGE. IN THIS EXAMPLE, THE NEW KNOWLEDGE THAT DRIVES THE
QUESTION IS THE ONE LOOKING AT CURRENT EVIDENCE. THE OTHER QUESTIONS DO NOT LOOK AT THE
NEWEST KNOWLEDGE TO FORM A QUESTION TO RESEARCH.
DIF: COGNITIVE LEVEL: ANALYZING OBJ: NCLEX: SAFE AND EFFECTIVE CARE ENVIRONMENT TOP:
NURSING PROCESS: IMPLEMENTATION
