HSC300 Midterm EXAM COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ACCURATE SOLUTION
|GET IT 100% ACCURATE!!!
High blood pressure increases the risk of CHD by 2 to 3-fold in men and women of all ages. Based upon
new guidelines established by the American Heart Association, what are the current threshold levels of
blood pressure for high CHD risk? - ANSWER-Systolic Blood Pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher
Diastolic Blood Pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher
Systolic Blood Pressure above 130 mm Hg OR Diastolic Blood Pressure above 80 mm Hg
____________ refers to a deficiency of blood supply to the heart muscle leading to deprivation of
oxygen essential for the proper functioning of the myocardium and related heart tissues and structures.
- ANSWER-Ischemic Heart Disease
Coronary Heart Disease
Multiple CHD risk factors rarely cluster in the same individual. - ANSWER-false
Coronary heart disease often culminates/results in which of the following conditions? - ANSWER-
Myocardial infarction
Sudden cardiac death.
CHD is nearly always a consequence of longstanding atherosclerosis and the development of plaques
that occlude the coronary arteries. - ANSWER-true
Which of the following statements are true? - ANSWER-Results of the Seven Countries Study
demonstrated significant cardioprotection from consuming a "Mediterranean diet."
Results of the Seven Countries Study first demonstrated that high cholesterol increases the risk of CHD.
,Most studies suggest that serum cholesterol level is a better predictor of impending Coronary Heart
Disease than C-reactive protein. - ANSWER-false
The "dual hypothesis" of atherogenesis primarily involves what two processes? - ANSWER-
Hypercholesterolemia & Inflammation
Atherosclerosis progresses in sequential stages of endothelial dysfunction over a period of several
months. - ANSWER-false
The Framingham Heart Study was the first to demonstrate that serum cholesterol is a biomarker of
impending coronary heart disease and that the risk increases with intake of saturated fats and decreases
with intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (primarily from olive oil). - ANSWER-false
In the Seven Countries Study, populations consuming a Mediterranean diet had the lowest rates of CHD.
- ANSWER-true
Name one of the major coronary arteries (specify left or right) - ANSWER-left anterior descending
coronary artery
Cell necrosis (injury or death) can occur when there is a loss of oxygen-rich blood to the heart tissue, as
in a heart attack. - ANSWER-true
Heart cells can only live for TWO MINUTES without oxygen ("time is tissue") - ANSWER-false
These blood-clotting cells collect at the site of the plaque lesion, and can trap more lipids and white
blood cells, accelerating plaque buildup. - ANSWER-platelets
After a heart attack, the area of heart tissue where necrosis (cell death) occurs is called the area of
injury. - ANSWER-false
Which of the following is NOT one of the typical heart attack (myocardial infarction) symptoms for
MEN? - ANSWER-chronic fatigue
, Which of the following are TRUE regarding cardiac troponins? - ANSWER-Troponins help the heart
muscle to contract
They remain elevated in the blood for 10-15 days after an MI
Elevated troponins indicate that heart tissue has been damaged
Which of the following are inflammatory markers that can signify that a plaque is unstable or rupturing
and a blockage may occur or be occurrig? - ANSWER-Interleukin-18
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
Fibrinogen
Some plaques develop thin, soft, and unpredictable fibrous caps, which are at risk at rupturing. When
this plaque ruptures, artery blockage or _____ can occur, eventually causing a heart attack. - ANSWER-
cardiac ischemia
A plaque in the blood vessel that has developed a thick, hard, calcified fibrous cap is called a - ANSWER-
stable plaque
Which of the following are potential causes of a heart attack or MI? - ANSWER-When a clot keeps blood
from passing through a coronary artery
when an artery spasm shuts down blood flow to the heart (this can happen with cocaine or severe
emotional stress)
sickle cell crisis
allergic reactions
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ACCURATE SOLUTION
|GET IT 100% ACCURATE!!!
High blood pressure increases the risk of CHD by 2 to 3-fold in men and women of all ages. Based upon
new guidelines established by the American Heart Association, what are the current threshold levels of
blood pressure for high CHD risk? - ANSWER-Systolic Blood Pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher
Diastolic Blood Pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher
Systolic Blood Pressure above 130 mm Hg OR Diastolic Blood Pressure above 80 mm Hg
____________ refers to a deficiency of blood supply to the heart muscle leading to deprivation of
oxygen essential for the proper functioning of the myocardium and related heart tissues and structures.
- ANSWER-Ischemic Heart Disease
Coronary Heart Disease
Multiple CHD risk factors rarely cluster in the same individual. - ANSWER-false
Coronary heart disease often culminates/results in which of the following conditions? - ANSWER-
Myocardial infarction
Sudden cardiac death.
CHD is nearly always a consequence of longstanding atherosclerosis and the development of plaques
that occlude the coronary arteries. - ANSWER-true
Which of the following statements are true? - ANSWER-Results of the Seven Countries Study
demonstrated significant cardioprotection from consuming a "Mediterranean diet."
Results of the Seven Countries Study first demonstrated that high cholesterol increases the risk of CHD.
,Most studies suggest that serum cholesterol level is a better predictor of impending Coronary Heart
Disease than C-reactive protein. - ANSWER-false
The "dual hypothesis" of atherogenesis primarily involves what two processes? - ANSWER-
Hypercholesterolemia & Inflammation
Atherosclerosis progresses in sequential stages of endothelial dysfunction over a period of several
months. - ANSWER-false
The Framingham Heart Study was the first to demonstrate that serum cholesterol is a biomarker of
impending coronary heart disease and that the risk increases with intake of saturated fats and decreases
with intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (primarily from olive oil). - ANSWER-false
In the Seven Countries Study, populations consuming a Mediterranean diet had the lowest rates of CHD.
- ANSWER-true
Name one of the major coronary arteries (specify left or right) - ANSWER-left anterior descending
coronary artery
Cell necrosis (injury or death) can occur when there is a loss of oxygen-rich blood to the heart tissue, as
in a heart attack. - ANSWER-true
Heart cells can only live for TWO MINUTES without oxygen ("time is tissue") - ANSWER-false
These blood-clotting cells collect at the site of the plaque lesion, and can trap more lipids and white
blood cells, accelerating plaque buildup. - ANSWER-platelets
After a heart attack, the area of heart tissue where necrosis (cell death) occurs is called the area of
injury. - ANSWER-false
Which of the following is NOT one of the typical heart attack (myocardial infarction) symptoms for
MEN? - ANSWER-chronic fatigue
, Which of the following are TRUE regarding cardiac troponins? - ANSWER-Troponins help the heart
muscle to contract
They remain elevated in the blood for 10-15 days after an MI
Elevated troponins indicate that heart tissue has been damaged
Which of the following are inflammatory markers that can signify that a plaque is unstable or rupturing
and a blockage may occur or be occurrig? - ANSWER-Interleukin-18
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
Fibrinogen
Some plaques develop thin, soft, and unpredictable fibrous caps, which are at risk at rupturing. When
this plaque ruptures, artery blockage or _____ can occur, eventually causing a heart attack. - ANSWER-
cardiac ischemia
A plaque in the blood vessel that has developed a thick, hard, calcified fibrous cap is called a - ANSWER-
stable plaque
Which of the following are potential causes of a heart attack or MI? - ANSWER-When a clot keeps blood
from passing through a coronary artery
when an artery spasm shuts down blood flow to the heart (this can happen with cocaine or severe
emotional stress)
sickle cell crisis
allergic reactions
