PCCN Endocrine Exam with Questions and Answers

PCCN Endocrine Exam with Questions and Answers Imbalances in which of the following hormones will MOST DIRECTLY impact fluid balance: A. Aldosterone and cortisol. B. Thyroxin and ADH. C. Aldosterone and ADH. D. Cortisol and epinephrine. ANSWER C. Aldosterone is a mineral corticoid that regulates extracellular fluid volume by increasing reabsorption of sodium and chloride, which causes water to be retained. Aldosterone is released by the adrenal cortex through activation of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. ADH regulates the osmotic pressure of extracellular fluid by regulating the amount of water reabsorbed in the renal tubules. ADH release is stimulated by an increase in osmotic pressure. Cortisol is the major glucocorticoid and is responsible for metabolism and utilization of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. It also has anti-inflammatory effects. Cortisol plays an indirect role in fluid balance but is known as the stress hormone that has the primary effects of increasing circulating glucose and decreasing the immune response. Thyroxine is produced by the thyroid gland under the influence of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Thyroxine stimulates metabolism in many tissues but is not related to fluid balance. The anterior pituitary releases which of these hormones: A. Aldosterone. B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH). C. Thyroxine.