NCOA Final Exam 2025 Questions and
Answers
Geropharmacology - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-study of older adults respond to medication
is a new but growing area
Polypharmacy - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-use of more medications, than are clinically
indicated is a common problem in older adults
sensory changes - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-vision changes may render an older person
unable to read a medication label or to recognize the different, sizes, shapes, or
colors of the various medications
cognitive changes - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-lack of the literacy skills needed to read the
labels and directions. Inability to understand the comply with directions
when administering medication nurses should.. - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...--Therapeutic
effects of the medication
-Reason this individual is receiving the medication
-Normal therapeutic dosage of the medication
-Normal route or routes of administration
-Special precautions related to administration
-Common side effects or adverse effects of the medication
what is important to help sleep? - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-exercise is important because
it keeps the body moving
…FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY…©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED…. 1
,normal sleep and rest - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-most humans develop a pattern that
repeats approximately every 24 hours
circadian rhythm - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-diurnal rhythm
24 hour cycle occurs in response to the day0 night cycle of the sun
people develop their own sleep patterns
what is sleep controlled by? - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-release of serotonin within the
brainstem
melatonin - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-produced by the pineal gland and is released when
the level of light decreases
phase delay - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-in teens, sleep more than 8 hours
phase-advance - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-person is going to bed earlier, and waking up
earlier
presleep - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-stage of increased relaxation and drowsiness that
typically lasts 10-30 min
sleep stage 1 and 2 - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-easily arousable
light sleep
feels like they are day dreaming
sleep stage 3 - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-comfortable
rarely moves
muscles relaxed
sleep stage 4 - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-deep deep sleep
sedentary lifestyle - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-makes you tired and want to get to that
state of sleep
NOT before bed though
…FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY…©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED…. 2
, insomnia - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-difficulty falling asleep or remaining asleep or the
belief that one is not getting enough sleep
what are the types of insomnia? - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-sleep initiation problems
sleep maintenance problems
terminal insomnia problems
sleep initiation problems - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-those related to falling asleep
sleep maintenance problems - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-those related to staying asleep
terminal insomnia problems - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-can also contribute to insomnia in
older adults
sleep apnea - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-affects men more
lead to cardiac problems
stop breathing no oxygen while you sleep
collapse of the airways
risk factors of sleep apnea - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-overweight
receding jaw line
REM sleep behavior - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-elders try and get outta bed
body is active
normally inhibited
how should you sleep in you have sleep apnea? - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-side lying
REM - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-muscle activity normally inhibited during REM does not
operate effectively and the older adults may thrash around in bed.
nursing interventions for distributed sleep pattern - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...--Identify the
factors that contribute to sleep disturbance
-Schedule nursing interventions to allow for adequate undisturbed sleep
…FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY…©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED…. 3
Answers
Geropharmacology - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-study of older adults respond to medication
is a new but growing area
Polypharmacy - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-use of more medications, than are clinically
indicated is a common problem in older adults
sensory changes - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-vision changes may render an older person
unable to read a medication label or to recognize the different, sizes, shapes, or
colors of the various medications
cognitive changes - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-lack of the literacy skills needed to read the
labels and directions. Inability to understand the comply with directions
when administering medication nurses should.. - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...--Therapeutic
effects of the medication
-Reason this individual is receiving the medication
-Normal therapeutic dosage of the medication
-Normal route or routes of administration
-Special precautions related to administration
-Common side effects or adverse effects of the medication
what is important to help sleep? - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-exercise is important because
it keeps the body moving
…FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY…©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED…. 1
,normal sleep and rest - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-most humans develop a pattern that
repeats approximately every 24 hours
circadian rhythm - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-diurnal rhythm
24 hour cycle occurs in response to the day0 night cycle of the sun
people develop their own sleep patterns
what is sleep controlled by? - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-release of serotonin within the
brainstem
melatonin - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-produced by the pineal gland and is released when
the level of light decreases
phase delay - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-in teens, sleep more than 8 hours
phase-advance - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-person is going to bed earlier, and waking up
earlier
presleep - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-stage of increased relaxation and drowsiness that
typically lasts 10-30 min
sleep stage 1 and 2 - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-easily arousable
light sleep
feels like they are day dreaming
sleep stage 3 - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-comfortable
rarely moves
muscles relaxed
sleep stage 4 - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-deep deep sleep
sedentary lifestyle - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-makes you tired and want to get to that
state of sleep
NOT before bed though
…FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY…©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED…. 2
, insomnia - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-difficulty falling asleep or remaining asleep or the
belief that one is not getting enough sleep
what are the types of insomnia? - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-sleep initiation problems
sleep maintenance problems
terminal insomnia problems
sleep initiation problems - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-those related to falling asleep
sleep maintenance problems - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-those related to staying asleep
terminal insomnia problems - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-can also contribute to insomnia in
older adults
sleep apnea - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-affects men more
lead to cardiac problems
stop breathing no oxygen while you sleep
collapse of the airways
risk factors of sleep apnea - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-overweight
receding jaw line
REM sleep behavior - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-elders try and get outta bed
body is active
normally inhibited
how should you sleep in you have sleep apnea? - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-side lying
REM - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...-muscle activity normally inhibited during REM does not
operate effectively and the older adults may thrash around in bed.
nursing interventions for distributed sleep pattern - ....ANSWER☑️☑️...--Identify the
factors that contribute to sleep disturbance
-Schedule nursing interventions to allow for adequate undisturbed sleep
…FOR STUDY PURPOSES ONLY…©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED…. 3
