BIO 322 MIDTERM EXAM PREP 2025
(PATHOPHYSIOLOGY) | ALL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS | GRADED A+ | VERIFIED
ANSWERS | LATEST VERSION
If Claire has a hematocrit of 24 and a plasma glucose concentration of 80 mg/dl,
how much glucose does she have in her plasma? - ...(ANSWERS)....96 mg
Calculate the amount of K+ in plasma. Assume that the hematocrit is 50 and that
there are 5 L of blood in your patient. The MW of K+ is 35 g/mol. -
...(ANSWERS)....12.5 mmol
During the flu season and during allergy season some physicians recommend
using a nasal rinse. These solutions are made with a buffer to regulate pH, and are
hyper-tonic. Why would rinsing mucous membranes in your nose help to reduce
symptoms like a runny nose? - ...(ANSWERS)....A hyper-tonic solution shrinks cells
in the nasal membranes and reduce symptoms.
What are the main neurotransmitters for the sympathetic and parasympathetic
nervous systems? - ...(ANSWERS)....Sympathetic = fight or flight = epinephrine.
Parasympathetic =rest and digest = acetylcholine.
Where is an interstitial cell in males and what does it do? - ...(ANSWERS)....It is
located in the wall of the seminiferous tubule and it secrets testosterone.
What is a nurse cell in males? - ...(ANSWERS)....These cells surround and support
developing spermatocytes in the wall of the seminiferous tubules.
,Where does a spermatozoon develop and how does it leave the body? -
...(ANSWERS)....Spermatids develop throughout life in the testes and epididymis.
Sperm move through the ductus deferens (vas deferens), and leave the body via
the urethra.
Isotonic saline contains 150 mM NaCl. What is the concentration of Na+ and Cl- in
this solution? - ...(ANSWERS)....Na+ = 150 mM and Cl- = 150 mM
What is meiosis and mitosis? - ...(ANSWERS)....Meiosis is called a reduction
division since it reduces the number of chromosomes. It occurs during production
of gametes. Mitosis is part of the process of somatic cell division.
What is the blood testes barrier? - ...(ANSWERS)....It is formed by nurse cells and
it isolates the seminiferous tubules from the general circulation.
The decline in levels of progesterone and estrogen that accompany degeneration
of the corpus luteum - ...(ANSWERS)....Results in menses or destruction of the
functional zone of the endometrium.
Oocytes - ...(ANSWERS)....Are produced in the ovary and enter uterine tube via
the infundibulum, and implant in the uterine wall if fertilization occurs.
What statement is correct? - ...(ANSWERS)....1. The follicular phase of the ovarian
cycle overlaps with the luteal phase of the uterine cycle.
, 2. The two phases of the uterine cycle include follicular and luteal.
3. The three uterine phases include menses, proliferative, and secretory.
4. Follicular phases during the uterine cycle require LH and FSH which are
secreted by the ovary.
(three)
Ovulation - ...(ANSWERS)....Happens near the middle of the reproductive cycle
when an oocyte is released by the ovary into the uterine tube, where is can be
fertilized during the next 12-24 hours.
What is the concentration of KCL if you dissolve 50 grams in 1L of water? The MW
of KCl is 74 g/mol. - ...(ANSWERS)....0.67 M
What is a body fluid compartment? - ...(ANSWERS)....Fluid compartments are
'spaces' separated by a semipermeable membrane. 2 main compartments are
extracellular and intracellular. Water moves quickly between compartments by
osmosis.
What is exactly is edema? What causes it? - ...(ANSWERS)....Edema refers to
swelling that is caused by excess fluid. There can be many causes including
starvation, liver failure, heart failure, or kidney disease.
A meal that is high in salt will cause temporary edema. Why? -
...(ANSWERS)....Absorption of NaCl at the GI tract results in increased water
(PATHOPHYSIOLOGY) | ALL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS | GRADED A+ | VERIFIED
ANSWERS | LATEST VERSION
If Claire has a hematocrit of 24 and a plasma glucose concentration of 80 mg/dl,
how much glucose does she have in her plasma? - ...(ANSWERS)....96 mg
Calculate the amount of K+ in plasma. Assume that the hematocrit is 50 and that
there are 5 L of blood in your patient. The MW of K+ is 35 g/mol. -
...(ANSWERS)....12.5 mmol
During the flu season and during allergy season some physicians recommend
using a nasal rinse. These solutions are made with a buffer to regulate pH, and are
hyper-tonic. Why would rinsing mucous membranes in your nose help to reduce
symptoms like a runny nose? - ...(ANSWERS)....A hyper-tonic solution shrinks cells
in the nasal membranes and reduce symptoms.
What are the main neurotransmitters for the sympathetic and parasympathetic
nervous systems? - ...(ANSWERS)....Sympathetic = fight or flight = epinephrine.
Parasympathetic =rest and digest = acetylcholine.
Where is an interstitial cell in males and what does it do? - ...(ANSWERS)....It is
located in the wall of the seminiferous tubule and it secrets testosterone.
What is a nurse cell in males? - ...(ANSWERS)....These cells surround and support
developing spermatocytes in the wall of the seminiferous tubules.
,Where does a spermatozoon develop and how does it leave the body? -
...(ANSWERS)....Spermatids develop throughout life in the testes and epididymis.
Sperm move through the ductus deferens (vas deferens), and leave the body via
the urethra.
Isotonic saline contains 150 mM NaCl. What is the concentration of Na+ and Cl- in
this solution? - ...(ANSWERS)....Na+ = 150 mM and Cl- = 150 mM
What is meiosis and mitosis? - ...(ANSWERS)....Meiosis is called a reduction
division since it reduces the number of chromosomes. It occurs during production
of gametes. Mitosis is part of the process of somatic cell division.
What is the blood testes barrier? - ...(ANSWERS)....It is formed by nurse cells and
it isolates the seminiferous tubules from the general circulation.
The decline in levels of progesterone and estrogen that accompany degeneration
of the corpus luteum - ...(ANSWERS)....Results in menses or destruction of the
functional zone of the endometrium.
Oocytes - ...(ANSWERS)....Are produced in the ovary and enter uterine tube via
the infundibulum, and implant in the uterine wall if fertilization occurs.
What statement is correct? - ...(ANSWERS)....1. The follicular phase of the ovarian
cycle overlaps with the luteal phase of the uterine cycle.
, 2. The two phases of the uterine cycle include follicular and luteal.
3. The three uterine phases include menses, proliferative, and secretory.
4. Follicular phases during the uterine cycle require LH and FSH which are
secreted by the ovary.
(three)
Ovulation - ...(ANSWERS)....Happens near the middle of the reproductive cycle
when an oocyte is released by the ovary into the uterine tube, where is can be
fertilized during the next 12-24 hours.
What is the concentration of KCL if you dissolve 50 grams in 1L of water? The MW
of KCl is 74 g/mol. - ...(ANSWERS)....0.67 M
What is a body fluid compartment? - ...(ANSWERS)....Fluid compartments are
'spaces' separated by a semipermeable membrane. 2 main compartments are
extracellular and intracellular. Water moves quickly between compartments by
osmosis.
What is exactly is edema? What causes it? - ...(ANSWERS)....Edema refers to
swelling that is caused by excess fluid. There can be many causes including
starvation, liver failure, heart failure, or kidney disease.
A meal that is high in salt will cause temporary edema. Why? -
...(ANSWERS)....Absorption of NaCl at the GI tract results in increased water
