Gaining the co-operation of the localities 3.2 - HISTORY A - LEVEL EDEXCEL ROUTE G:
NOTES: PoG = Pilgrimage of Grace DoMS = Dissolution of the Monasteries
Localities are the regions outside London, further away an area – harder for the Crown to
control.
Literate yeoman drawn to government opportunities for improving the extension of the
Crown’s power.
Patronage had a more emphasis.
Borders near Wales and Scotland were harder to control.
The marcher regions had their own laws and customs and the first to build a line of defence,
if attacked.
Nobility had huge power and control over these areas and were known, as, quasi-kings.
Wales had been conquered in the 15 th century.
But it had its own government and was out of touch with England, even though the King had
the Principality of Wales.
Wales allowed for blood feuds in its’ legal system which was different in English law – led to
lawlessness.
Important to take control of Wales because it would allow the English to have a strong
power base and control the marcher regions as well.
H7, H8, ED VI – all used the Council of Wales and Marches to control. H7 used his family
members Jasper Tudor (uncle) and Duke of Bedford to be head of Council in 1590.
H7 sent his son Arthur to Wales to be Prince of Wales to provide a permanent presence in
Wales but died in 1502 ---> failed.
H8 – used Mary and placed her in Wales to overlook the Council, failed and power via family
ended in 1528.
North is geographically remote and vulnerable to invasion from Scotland.
North marches were split into 3 – Western, Eastern and Middle the borders.
Wardens control it and it was not easy.
H7 was a usurper and had many R3 supporters in the North as he had controlled the North
well.
North had a lot of economic hardship – tax revolt 1489, with Henry Percy Earl of
Northumberland killed, as he was collecting money.
Thomas Howard acted as representative of the King but did not last until 1499 and wardens
in charge again.
Warden system seemed unchanged until 1530s.
Cliffords , Percys (Northumberland), Nevilles (Westmorland) in charge of the regions but
they had feuds between and were supposed to be the first line of defence.
1525 – Lord Dacre fined with £1000 in Star Chamber for letting disturbance happen in the
North.
1525 – tried to revive the Council of the North and put his illegitimate son Henry Fitzroy in
charge but he died in 1536.
Law in Wales Act aka Act of Union was introduced by Cromwell in 1535.
Stop lawlessness in the regions and Rowland Lee was head of the Council of North.
1.) Abolished the Principality of Wales and replaced with 12 English style counties which
allocated 2 MPs in each county.
, 2.) Banned speaking Welsh and under the authority of the Crown.
3.) Law and order were overlooked by sheriffs and coroners.
Law in Wales Act 1542.
Cromwell dead 1540.
Law in Wales Act 1542 – had a president and vice president, end of blood feuds, under
English law now, trialled criminal activity, reorganised the Council of Wales, a more
formalised body.
Based on the monarch’s power and not royal prerogative. E1 – had LLs oversee it.
After the re-establishment of the Council of the North 1537 there was instability, and
rebellion broke out in Lincolnshire in 1536
Council had powers to try cases of treason, murder, and felony. The Council was remodelled
to be harsher.
Council’s power soon extended to Yorkshire and Durham, Northumberland, Westmorland,
and Cumberland, allowed by Cromwell.
Council made of clergy and gentry; JPs were also appointed. Controlled border raids and the
administration of the North via a modern version of the Star Chamber.
After 1537 – decline in power of the Percy, Neville, and Dacres.
E1 attempted to put more southerners in the Council to stop any plotting against her.
Caused resentment to the nobles, leading to rebellion 1569, showing the Council is not really
in complete control.
The Council had the job of exterminating recusancy as there was a large Catholic sentiment
in the North. To pacify them, E1 put her cousin, Henry Hasting, Earl of Huntingdon to be
president of the Council.
Traditional noble families lost their influence, and the monarchy had more enhanced control
through the Council.
Boroughs were towns that had the right to send 2 MPs to parliament to represent them.
Becoming more important, borough representation because the House of Lords was losing
its influence and House of Commons was becoming more prominent.
Rotten boroughs – population decreasing.
Industrial and manufacturing interests were a reason for increasing borough representation.
Corporation of York during Edward VI’s reign wanted the prevention of woodland area to be
chopped down within 25km of the city.
Most of the MPs did not live in the town. In 1559 only 23% of borough representatives in
E1’s parliament were townsmen, and this decreased by 14%. A law saying you need to live in
the area to represent was ignored.
Takes £70 to fund one MP to go to parliament to cover their costs of going.
Dunwich had an annual income of £50 per annum.
MPs were keen to become MPs because of the opportunities of London as it was the centre
of patronage and royal attention to gain a job.
H8’s most powerful nobleman was the Duke of Norfolk, and he made sure his candidates in
boroughs were of his choice egg Dorset
For the nobility, the power to place their own clients in positions of influence was a measure
of their power, if he did not help his clients, he would lose his support and show him as
weak.
NOTES: PoG = Pilgrimage of Grace DoMS = Dissolution of the Monasteries
Localities are the regions outside London, further away an area – harder for the Crown to
control.
Literate yeoman drawn to government opportunities for improving the extension of the
Crown’s power.
Patronage had a more emphasis.
Borders near Wales and Scotland were harder to control.
The marcher regions had their own laws and customs and the first to build a line of defence,
if attacked.
Nobility had huge power and control over these areas and were known, as, quasi-kings.
Wales had been conquered in the 15 th century.
But it had its own government and was out of touch with England, even though the King had
the Principality of Wales.
Wales allowed for blood feuds in its’ legal system which was different in English law – led to
lawlessness.
Important to take control of Wales because it would allow the English to have a strong
power base and control the marcher regions as well.
H7, H8, ED VI – all used the Council of Wales and Marches to control. H7 used his family
members Jasper Tudor (uncle) and Duke of Bedford to be head of Council in 1590.
H7 sent his son Arthur to Wales to be Prince of Wales to provide a permanent presence in
Wales but died in 1502 ---> failed.
H8 – used Mary and placed her in Wales to overlook the Council, failed and power via family
ended in 1528.
North is geographically remote and vulnerable to invasion from Scotland.
North marches were split into 3 – Western, Eastern and Middle the borders.
Wardens control it and it was not easy.
H7 was a usurper and had many R3 supporters in the North as he had controlled the North
well.
North had a lot of economic hardship – tax revolt 1489, with Henry Percy Earl of
Northumberland killed, as he was collecting money.
Thomas Howard acted as representative of the King but did not last until 1499 and wardens
in charge again.
Warden system seemed unchanged until 1530s.
Cliffords , Percys (Northumberland), Nevilles (Westmorland) in charge of the regions but
they had feuds between and were supposed to be the first line of defence.
1525 – Lord Dacre fined with £1000 in Star Chamber for letting disturbance happen in the
North.
1525 – tried to revive the Council of the North and put his illegitimate son Henry Fitzroy in
charge but he died in 1536.
Law in Wales Act aka Act of Union was introduced by Cromwell in 1535.
Stop lawlessness in the regions and Rowland Lee was head of the Council of North.
1.) Abolished the Principality of Wales and replaced with 12 English style counties which
allocated 2 MPs in each county.
, 2.) Banned speaking Welsh and under the authority of the Crown.
3.) Law and order were overlooked by sheriffs and coroners.
Law in Wales Act 1542.
Cromwell dead 1540.
Law in Wales Act 1542 – had a president and vice president, end of blood feuds, under
English law now, trialled criminal activity, reorganised the Council of Wales, a more
formalised body.
Based on the monarch’s power and not royal prerogative. E1 – had LLs oversee it.
After the re-establishment of the Council of the North 1537 there was instability, and
rebellion broke out in Lincolnshire in 1536
Council had powers to try cases of treason, murder, and felony. The Council was remodelled
to be harsher.
Council’s power soon extended to Yorkshire and Durham, Northumberland, Westmorland,
and Cumberland, allowed by Cromwell.
Council made of clergy and gentry; JPs were also appointed. Controlled border raids and the
administration of the North via a modern version of the Star Chamber.
After 1537 – decline in power of the Percy, Neville, and Dacres.
E1 attempted to put more southerners in the Council to stop any plotting against her.
Caused resentment to the nobles, leading to rebellion 1569, showing the Council is not really
in complete control.
The Council had the job of exterminating recusancy as there was a large Catholic sentiment
in the North. To pacify them, E1 put her cousin, Henry Hasting, Earl of Huntingdon to be
president of the Council.
Traditional noble families lost their influence, and the monarchy had more enhanced control
through the Council.
Boroughs were towns that had the right to send 2 MPs to parliament to represent them.
Becoming more important, borough representation because the House of Lords was losing
its influence and House of Commons was becoming more prominent.
Rotten boroughs – population decreasing.
Industrial and manufacturing interests were a reason for increasing borough representation.
Corporation of York during Edward VI’s reign wanted the prevention of woodland area to be
chopped down within 25km of the city.
Most of the MPs did not live in the town. In 1559 only 23% of borough representatives in
E1’s parliament were townsmen, and this decreased by 14%. A law saying you need to live in
the area to represent was ignored.
Takes £70 to fund one MP to go to parliament to cover their costs of going.
Dunwich had an annual income of £50 per annum.
MPs were keen to become MPs because of the opportunities of London as it was the centre
of patronage and royal attention to gain a job.
H8’s most powerful nobleman was the Duke of Norfolk, and he made sure his candidates in
boroughs were of his choice egg Dorset
For the nobility, the power to place their own clients in positions of influence was a measure
of their power, if he did not help his clients, he would lose his support and show him as
weak.
