NR668 Week 2 exam with |! |! |! |! |!
accurate detailed solutions |! |!
Theoretical models in psychotherapy - Correct answer ✔-Maslow's Hierarchy
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
of Needs
|!
-Health Belief Model |! |!
-Transtheoretical Model of Change |! |! |!
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Correct answer ✔-Abraham Maslow theorized
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
that all individuals have the same basic needs
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-provides a framework for understanding client motivation
|! |! |! |! |! |!
-first four levels of need in the hierarchy
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• physiological needs, safety, love & belonging, esteem
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• deficiency needs (D-needs)
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• Motivation decreases once D-needs are met
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-highest level of need |! |! |!
• self-actualization
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• considered a growth or being need (B-need)
|! |! |! |! |! |! |!
-Once D-needs are met, clients can focus on self-actualization and personal
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
growth
-A self-actualized person is self-fulfilled.
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,Qualities exhibited by the self-actualized person include: - Correct answer
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✔independence, autonomy, creativity, and maturity |! |! |! |!
Ed is a 32-year-old client who is beginning psychotherapy with the PMHNP.
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
During the interview, Ed shares that he has been unemployed for the past 6
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
months due to consolidation at his former place of employment. Since then,
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
he reports that he has had difficulty sleeping due to worries about what he
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
should do. His wife has a full-time job with health benefits and has been
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
supportive of him taking time to find the ideal position while he is collecting
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
unemployment; however, his unemployment will run out in a few months. |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
He would love to find a position that would allow him to use his artistic
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
talents but expresses a lack of self-confidence in his ability to succeed in a
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
new position. Ed reports that he has felt somewhat isolated now that he
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
doesn't see his friends at work.
|! |! |! |! |!
The PMHNP has identified needs for Ed at all levels of Maslow's hierarchy.
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Drag the client's concern to the appropriate level of the hierarchy - Correct
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
answer ✔Physiological: difficulty sleeping
|! |! |!
Safety: unemployment |!
Love/belonging: isolation |!
Esteem: lack of self-confidence |! |! |!
Self-actualization: the need for creativity |! |! |! |!
The client expresses that his goal is to focus on improving his self-confidence.
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs, is Ed likely to be prepared to explore
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
his lack of self-confidence?
|! |! |!
Yes
,No - Correct answer ✔No
|! |! |! |!
Rationale: Because Ed has unmet needs at the physiological, safety, and
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
love/belonging levels of the hierarchy, he may not yet be prepared to explore
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
self-confidence. The PMHNP may need to help the client address more |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
foundational needs as part of the initial therapy before helping him focus on
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
improving his confidence. |! |!
Health Belief Model - Correct answer ✔-used to explain and predict health
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
behaviors
-person's belief about a perceived threat of illness combined with belief in the
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
effectiveness of the recommended action predict the person's willingness to
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
change
-constructs:
• perceived seriousness
|! |!
• perceived susceptibility
|! |!
• perceived benefits of treatment
|! |! |! |!
• perceived barriers to treatment
|! |! |! |!
• cues to action
|! |! |!
• self-efficacy
|!
Health Belief Model Constructs: Perceived susceptibility - Correct answer
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
✔clients must believe they are susceptible to the condition
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Health Belief Model Constructs: Perceived severity - Correct answer ✔clients
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
must believe the condition has serious consequences if left unattended
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
, Health Belief Model Constructs: Perceived benefits - Correct answer ✔clients
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
must believe that taking action reduces their susceptibility
|! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Health Belief Model Constructs: Perceived barriers - Correct answer ✔clients
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
must believe that the benefits of acting are greater than the barriers perceived
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Health Belief Model Constructs: Cue to action - Correct answer ✔clients are
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
exposed to something that causes them to act, such as an ad or discussion
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
with a provider
|! |!
Health Belief Model Constructs: Self-efficacy - Correct answer ✔clients feel
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
they can succeed when performing an action
|! |! |! |! |! |!
Transtheoretical Model of Change - Correct answer ✔-assumes that behavior |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
changes take place over time & that people move through stages of decision-
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
making to make changes to behavior
|! |! |! |! |!
-five stages
|!
1. precontemplation
|!
• not aware or interested in change
|! |! |! |! |! |!
2. contemplation
|!
• begin thinking about change
|! |! |! |!
3. preparation
|!
• plan for change
|! |! |!
4. action
|!
accurate detailed solutions |! |!
Theoretical models in psychotherapy - Correct answer ✔-Maslow's Hierarchy
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
of Needs
|!
-Health Belief Model |! |!
-Transtheoretical Model of Change |! |! |!
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Correct answer ✔-Abraham Maslow theorized
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
that all individuals have the same basic needs
|! |! |! |! |! |! |!
-provides a framework for understanding client motivation
|! |! |! |! |! |!
-first four levels of need in the hierarchy
|! |! |! |! |! |! |!
• physiological needs, safety, love & belonging, esteem
|! |! |! |! |! |! |!
• deficiency needs (D-needs)
|! |! |!
• Motivation decreases once D-needs are met
|! |! |! |! |! |!
-highest level of need |! |! |!
• self-actualization
|!
• considered a growth or being need (B-need)
|! |! |! |! |! |! |!
-Once D-needs are met, clients can focus on self-actualization and personal
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
growth
-A self-actualized person is self-fulfilled.
|! |! |! |!
,Qualities exhibited by the self-actualized person include: - Correct answer
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
✔independence, autonomy, creativity, and maturity |! |! |! |!
Ed is a 32-year-old client who is beginning psychotherapy with the PMHNP.
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
During the interview, Ed shares that he has been unemployed for the past 6
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
months due to consolidation at his former place of employment. Since then,
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
he reports that he has had difficulty sleeping due to worries about what he
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
should do. His wife has a full-time job with health benefits and has been
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
supportive of him taking time to find the ideal position while he is collecting
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
unemployment; however, his unemployment will run out in a few months. |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
He would love to find a position that would allow him to use his artistic
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
talents but expresses a lack of self-confidence in his ability to succeed in a
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
new position. Ed reports that he has felt somewhat isolated now that he
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
doesn't see his friends at work.
|! |! |! |! |!
The PMHNP has identified needs for Ed at all levels of Maslow's hierarchy.
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Drag the client's concern to the appropriate level of the hierarchy - Correct
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
answer ✔Physiological: difficulty sleeping
|! |! |!
Safety: unemployment |!
Love/belonging: isolation |!
Esteem: lack of self-confidence |! |! |!
Self-actualization: the need for creativity |! |! |! |!
The client expresses that his goal is to focus on improving his self-confidence.
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs, is Ed likely to be prepared to explore
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
his lack of self-confidence?
|! |! |!
Yes
,No - Correct answer ✔No
|! |! |! |!
Rationale: Because Ed has unmet needs at the physiological, safety, and
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
love/belonging levels of the hierarchy, he may not yet be prepared to explore
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
self-confidence. The PMHNP may need to help the client address more |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
foundational needs as part of the initial therapy before helping him focus on
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
improving his confidence. |! |!
Health Belief Model - Correct answer ✔-used to explain and predict health
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
behaviors
-person's belief about a perceived threat of illness combined with belief in the
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
effectiveness of the recommended action predict the person's willingness to
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
change
-constructs:
• perceived seriousness
|! |!
• perceived susceptibility
|! |!
• perceived benefits of treatment
|! |! |! |!
• perceived barriers to treatment
|! |! |! |!
• cues to action
|! |! |!
• self-efficacy
|!
Health Belief Model Constructs: Perceived susceptibility - Correct answer
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
✔clients must believe they are susceptible to the condition
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Health Belief Model Constructs: Perceived severity - Correct answer ✔clients
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
must believe the condition has serious consequences if left unattended
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
, Health Belief Model Constructs: Perceived benefits - Correct answer ✔clients
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
must believe that taking action reduces their susceptibility
|! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Health Belief Model Constructs: Perceived barriers - Correct answer ✔clients
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
must believe that the benefits of acting are greater than the barriers perceived
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Health Belief Model Constructs: Cue to action - Correct answer ✔clients are
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
exposed to something that causes them to act, such as an ad or discussion
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
with a provider
|! |!
Health Belief Model Constructs: Self-efficacy - Correct answer ✔clients feel
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
they can succeed when performing an action
|! |! |! |! |! |!
Transtheoretical Model of Change - Correct answer ✔-assumes that behavior |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
changes take place over time & that people move through stages of decision-
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
making to make changes to behavior
|! |! |! |! |!
-five stages
|!
1. precontemplation
|!
• not aware or interested in change
|! |! |! |! |! |!
2. contemplation
|!
• begin thinking about change
|! |! |! |!
3. preparation
|!
• plan for change
|! |! |!
4. action
|!
