2782 Foundational Principles of
EBP & Nursing Science
Final Exam Review
(Questions & Solutions)
2025
1
, 1. Multiple Choice
Question:
Which of the following best defines evidence-based practice (EBP) in
nursing?
- A. Relying solely on expert opinions and clinical experience
- B. Integrating the best available research with clinical expertise and
patient values
- C. Using randomized controlled trials exclusively to guide interventions
- D. Applying standardized protocols regardless of individual patient
preferences
Correct ANS:
B. Integrating the best available research with clinical expertise and
patient values
Rationale:
EBP involves combining the current best evidence, clinical expertise, and
the patient’s unique values and circumstances to guide care decisions.
This balanced integration ensures optimal, individualized patient
outcomes.
---
2. Fill-in-the-Blank
Question:
The three fundamental components of evidence-based practice are best
described as __________, clinical expertise, and patient values.
Correct ANS:
best research evidence
Rationale:
These components—best research evidence, clinical expertise, and
2
,patient values—form the core pillars of EBP, ensuring that decisions are
scientifically supported and contextually relevant.
---
3. True/False
Question:
True or False: In evidence-based practice, clinical guidelines should
always be adhered to rigidly, even if a patient’s preferences conflict with
them.
Correct ANS:
False
Rationale:
While clinical guidelines provide an important framework, EBP requires
that patient preferences and individual circumstances be integrated into
decision-making. Flexibility ensures care that is both evidence-informed
and patient-centered.
---
4. Multiple Response
Question:
Which of the following are essential steps in the EBP process? (Select all
that apply)
- A. Formulating a well-built clinical question
- B. Searching for and appraising the evidence
- C. Implementing the intervention without evaluating outcomes
- D. Evaluating the outcomes of the intervention
- E. Disseminating findings for organizational learning
Correct ANSs:
A, B, D, E
3
, Rationale:
The EBP process includes formulating a clinical question, searching for
and critically appraising evidence, implementing changes based on best
evidence, evaluating outcomes, and sharing the results. Skipping
outcome evaluation (option C) would undermine the iterative quality
improvement process.
---
5. Multiple Choice
Question:
When evaluating research evidence, which level of evidence is generally
considered the strongest for informing clinical decisions?
- A. Expert opinion
- B. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews
- C. Cohort studies
- D. Case series
Correct ANS:
B. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews
Rationale:
RCTs and systematic reviews provide high-quality evidence due to their
rigorous study designs and ability to minimize bias, making them very
influential in guiding clinical decisions.
---
6. Fill-in-the-Blank
Question:
The acronym PICO stands for Patient/Problem, Intervention, Comparison,
and __________.
Correct ANS:
Outcome
4
EBP & Nursing Science
Final Exam Review
(Questions & Solutions)
2025
1
, 1. Multiple Choice
Question:
Which of the following best defines evidence-based practice (EBP) in
nursing?
- A. Relying solely on expert opinions and clinical experience
- B. Integrating the best available research with clinical expertise and
patient values
- C. Using randomized controlled trials exclusively to guide interventions
- D. Applying standardized protocols regardless of individual patient
preferences
Correct ANS:
B. Integrating the best available research with clinical expertise and
patient values
Rationale:
EBP involves combining the current best evidence, clinical expertise, and
the patient’s unique values and circumstances to guide care decisions.
This balanced integration ensures optimal, individualized patient
outcomes.
---
2. Fill-in-the-Blank
Question:
The three fundamental components of evidence-based practice are best
described as __________, clinical expertise, and patient values.
Correct ANS:
best research evidence
Rationale:
These components—best research evidence, clinical expertise, and
2
,patient values—form the core pillars of EBP, ensuring that decisions are
scientifically supported and contextually relevant.
---
3. True/False
Question:
True or False: In evidence-based practice, clinical guidelines should
always be adhered to rigidly, even if a patient’s preferences conflict with
them.
Correct ANS:
False
Rationale:
While clinical guidelines provide an important framework, EBP requires
that patient preferences and individual circumstances be integrated into
decision-making. Flexibility ensures care that is both evidence-informed
and patient-centered.
---
4. Multiple Response
Question:
Which of the following are essential steps in the EBP process? (Select all
that apply)
- A. Formulating a well-built clinical question
- B. Searching for and appraising the evidence
- C. Implementing the intervention without evaluating outcomes
- D. Evaluating the outcomes of the intervention
- E. Disseminating findings for organizational learning
Correct ANSs:
A, B, D, E
3
, Rationale:
The EBP process includes formulating a clinical question, searching for
and critically appraising evidence, implementing changes based on best
evidence, evaluating outcomes, and sharing the results. Skipping
outcome evaluation (option C) would undermine the iterative quality
improvement process.
---
5. Multiple Choice
Question:
When evaluating research evidence, which level of evidence is generally
considered the strongest for informing clinical decisions?
- A. Expert opinion
- B. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews
- C. Cohort studies
- D. Case series
Correct ANS:
B. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews
Rationale:
RCTs and systematic reviews provide high-quality evidence due to their
rigorous study designs and ability to minimize bias, making them very
influential in guiding clinical decisions.
---
6. Fill-in-the-Blank
Question:
The acronym PICO stands for Patient/Problem, Intervention, Comparison,
and __________.
Correct ANS:
Outcome
4
