Respiratory System exam questions and answers fully solved,

Respiratory System exam questions and answers fully solved Croup - AnswersAcute respiratory condition found in infants and children that is characterized by a brking typ of cough or stridor Diphtheria - AnswersBacterial upper respiratory infection characterized by the formation of a thick membranous film across the throat and a high mortality rate. Rare now due to the DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) vaccine. Pertussis - AnswersCommonly called whooping cough, due to the whoop sound made when coughin. An infectious bacterial disease of the upper respiratory system that children receive immunization against as part of their DPT shots. Asthma - AnswersDisease caused by various conditions, like allergens, and resulting in constriction of the bronchial airways, dyspnea, coughing, and wheezing. Can cause violent spasms of the bronchi (bronchospasms) but is generally not a life-threatening condition. Bronchiectasis - AnswersThe abnormal enlargement of bronchi; may be the result of a lung infection. This condition can be irreversible and result in destruction of the bronchial walls. Bronchogenic carcinoma - AnswersMalignant tumor iriginating in the bronchi. Usually associated with a history of cigarette smoking. Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) - AnswersAcute respiratory failure in adults characterized by tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, and hypoxemia. Also called acute respiratory distress syndrome. Anthracosis - AnswersA type of pneumoconiosis that develops from the collection of coal dust in the lung. Also called balck lung or miner's lung. Asbestosis - AnswersA type of pneumoconiosis that develops from collection of asbestos fibers in the lungs. May lead to the development of lung cancer. Atelectasis - AnswersCondition in which the alveoli in a portion of the lung collapse, preventing the respiratory exchange or oxygen and carbon dioxide. Can be caused by a variety of conditions, including pressure on the lung from a tumor or other object. Also used to describe the failure of a newborn's lungs to expand. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - AnswersProgressive, chronic, and usually irreversible group of conditions, lie emphysema, in which the lungs have a diminished capacity for inspiration (inhalation) and expiration (exhalation) The person may have dyspnea upon exertion and a cough Cystic fibrosis (CF) - AnswersHereditary condition causing the exocrine glands to malfunction. The patient produces very thick mucus that causes severe congestion within the lungs and digestive system. Through more advanced treatment, many children are now living into adulthood with this disease Emphysema - AnswersPulmonary condition charcterized by the destruction of the walls of the alveoli, resulting in fewer overexpanded air sacs. Can occur as a result of long-term heavy smoking. Air pollution also worsens this disease. The patient may not be able to breathe except in a sitting or standing position. Histoplasmosis - AnswersPulmonary infection caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, found in dust and in the droppings of pigeons and chickens Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) - AnswersA lung condition most commonly found in premature infants that is characterized by tachypnea and respiratory grunting. The condition is caused by a lack of surfactant necessary to keep the lungs inflated Influenza - AnswersViral infection of the respiratory system characterized by chills, fever, body aches, and fatigue. Commonly called the flu. Leionnaire's disease - AnswersSevere, often fatal bacterial infection characterized by pneumonia and liver and kidney damage. Named after people who came down with it at an American Legion convention in 1976 Mycoplasma pneumonia - AnswersA less severe but longer lasting form of pheumonia caused by the Mycoplasma pneumoniae bacteria. Also called walking pneumonia Pneumoconiosis - AnswersCondition that is the result of inhaling environmental particles that become toxic. Can be the result of inhaling coal dust (antracosis) or asbestos (asbestosis). Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia - AnswersPneumonia with a nonproductive cough cough, very little fever, and dyspnea caused by the fungus Pneumocystis carinii. An opportunistic infection often seen in those with weakened immune systems, such as AIDS patients. Pulmonary edema - AnswersCondition in which lung tissue retains an excessive amount of fluid, especially in the alveoli. Results in dyspnea. Pulmonary embolism - AnswersBlood clot or air bubble in the pulmonary artery or one of its branches. May cause in infarct in the lung tissue Pulmonary fibrosis - AnswersFormation of fibrous scar tissue in the lungs that leads to decreased ability to expand the lungs. May be caused by infections, pneumoconiosis, autoimmune diseases, and toxin exposure. Severe acute respiratory