BYU HIST 043 Final Exam Includes Accurate And Verified Questions Covering Major Historical
Themes Such As U.S. Expansion, The Civil War And Reconstruction, Industrialization, Social
Reform Movements, And Early 20th-Century Developments. Designed For H
7.1 What economic struggles did citizens face after the war? How did the government attempt
to alleviate these struggles? - ANSWER-*A recession caused by the flood of soldiers in the
workforce. Inflation caused by the government being less strict after the war. The fair deal was
set up to combat this. There was also the GI bill*
Although citizens anticipated an economic recession after the war (due to the influx of workers
in the job force and the transition in production from war materials to consumer goods), many
did not anticipate the extreme inflation that beset the postwar economy. In order to alleviate
the problem of workforce influx, the government passed the GI Bill of Rights, which offered
federal aid to facilitate soldiers' reintegration into society. The bill provided veterans with loans
to attend college or start businesses and offered unemployment benefits for up to a year to
those unable to acquire gainful employment. In terms of the inflation problem, however, the
government struggled to find a solution. It was the very relinquishment of government control
over the economy (that had been necessary during the war) that initiated the rise in prices and
the dollar's drop in value. Workers called for an increase in wages, but Truman knew that
increasing wages would only escalate the inflation problem. During Truman's second term he
passed several Fair Deal policies through Congress that began to help the economy, including a
raise in minimum wage, an increase in social security benefits, and the offer of loans for low-
cost housing.
7.1 What was the baby boom and why did it happen? - ANSWER-*During the great depression
and WWII, many Americans were afraid to get married and raise kids because of the instability.
But once it was over Americans began a baby boom of children.*
During the years of economic struggle and uncertainty experienced during the Great Depression
and World War II, marriage and birth rates significantly dropped. Many felt apprehension
regarding the future and their ability to support a family. After the war ended and the nation
began experiencing economic prosperity, however, marriage and birth rates skyrocketed,
increasing by tens of millions. The main reasons for this trend were the alleviation of economic
,worries through the new prosperity, an improvement in health care and nutrition, and the
relative security of post-war peace.
7.1 How did television affect American culture during this period? - ANSWER-*Commercials and
advertisements made their way on TV as more Americans began watching. This caused more
spending in the home. It also reflected and shaped American cultural values.*
With the increased presence of televisions within American homes came an increase in
television's influence on American culture. Television increased the amount of time Americans
spent recreating (by watching various programs, for example). Americans' awareness
concerning world events and news, and the pressure to purchase consumer goods also
increased through commercials. Television influenced Americans' sense of normative societal
values as programs portrayed ideal middle-class families interacting within their nuclear units
and with the greater community.
7.1 How did the new economic prosperity and subsequent spending habits reshape the nation?
- ANSWER-*Because of economic prosperity, Americans began moving to suburbs where they
hastily built large areas of homes with shopping centers, stores, and gas stations. This also
meant there was the need for cars instead of public transportation so more people bought cars.
This then made traveling possible, so the need for hotels and highways called for the change.*
New economic prosperity and the accompanying increase in spending reshaped the nation as
flocks of expanding economically stable families moved to the newly constructed suburbs
blossoming outside of the nation's cities. These families purchased new tract houses and
patronized the commercial amenities such as stores, restaurants, and gas stations that sprang
up around the new suburban communities. In addition, the absence of public transportation
caused most people to travel to work in the cities via automobile, which increased the sale of
automobiles all over the nation. The presence of automobiles necessitated the building of new
roads and freeways, which the government constructed to connect cities and towns. The
increased American mobility motivated tourism and travel in the United States and sparked
American recreation.
7.2 What is segregation? What events eventually ended it? - ANSWER-Segregation was the
practice of separating people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences. This applied mostly
to blacks and whites during this period. Blacks were barred from attending white theaters,
schools, and restaurants and from using white water fountains and restrooms. Three events
began to change segregation policies:
,a. The admittance of Jackie Robinson into the baseball major leagues as the first black player
b. Truman's integration of the armed forces during the Korean War
c. The victorious Supreme Court decision made in response to Brown v. Topeka Board of
Education, which recognized the unconstitutionality of the separate but equal policy and
initiated the desegregation process.
7.2 What federal acts contributed to the success of the civil rights movement? - ANSWER-
Several legislative acts significantly impacted the progress of the civil rights movement.
-The Twenty-fourth Amendment, ratified in 1964, prohibited governments from requiring a poll
tax of voters. Poll taxes had been instituted during the Reconstruction period to prevent poor
blacks from voting.
-The Civil Rights Act of 1964 marked a watershed moment in the struggle by forbidding
discrimination based on race or gender, extending the right to vote to all citizens, and
establishing desegregation.
-Finally, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 enabled blacks to vote by ending the literacy test
previously required to vote and providing federal assistance to help blacks register to vote.
7.2 What events occurred in Little Rock, Arkansas, related to desegregation? How did the
federal government respond? - ANSWER-When Eisenhower supported the cause by sending the
federal government to escort the students to school it showed that the government may give
support in the fight for equality.
7.2 What casualties did the black community experience during their struggle for equality? -
ANSWER--The houses and churches of many leaders were bombed, sometimes killing those
inside. Leaders were often jailed for insignificant reasons.
-During nonviolent protests, police would set attack dogs on the protestors and blast them with
high-powered fire hoses.
-Martin Luther King, Jr., the most beloved leader of the civil rights movement, was assassinated
by a foe of the cause.
, -In addition to these direct acts of violence, violence between the races also broke out, causing
significant casualties on both sides. The six-day Watts Riot in 1965 left thirty-four people dead
and one thousand injured. Similar riots surfaced in cities all over the nation, resulting in many
deaths and serious property damage.
7.2 What forms of protest did African Americans use to fight discrimination? Give examples. -
ANSWER--Sit-ins were a peaceful way of protesting in which blacks would refuse to obey
segregation laws until served or forcibly moved. Students would do this in restaurants.
-Boycotts were peaceful protests against a certain business where they would refuse to use a
product to prove a point.
-Riots took place, but only a few. these tend to be more aggressive and less effective.
-African Americans would also protest by marching a holding up signs.
-freedom rides, in which black and white students traveled across the country via bus to
promote integration through sit-ins, marches, and protests.
-Effective public speakers such as Martin Luther King, Jr., gave stirring speeches that influenced
the public and infused the black populous with motivation and hope.
7.3 What were Kennedy's priorities as president? Was he successful? What about Johnson? -
ANSWER-Kennedy's priorities as president were first to fight poverty. He was not successful
because when he pressed Congress to pass laws to help Americans struggling, congress rejected
hs his proposals. They did fund the Peace Corps and approved his proposal to explore space.
President Johnson continued Kennedy's exploration of space and pushed many programs
through congress. He also fought the war on poverty by pushing the Economic Opportunity Act,
a tax reduction law, and the Civil rights Act, which effectively outlawed racial segregation. He
also started the program called the Great Society with the purpose of helping everyone
suffering from poverty. He also passed medicare and Medicaid. Medicare helped senior citizens
pay for medical bills while Medicaid assisted the poor with the cost. He also established the
Themes Such As U.S. Expansion, The Civil War And Reconstruction, Industrialization, Social
Reform Movements, And Early 20th-Century Developments. Designed For H
7.1 What economic struggles did citizens face after the war? How did the government attempt
to alleviate these struggles? - ANSWER-*A recession caused by the flood of soldiers in the
workforce. Inflation caused by the government being less strict after the war. The fair deal was
set up to combat this. There was also the GI bill*
Although citizens anticipated an economic recession after the war (due to the influx of workers
in the job force and the transition in production from war materials to consumer goods), many
did not anticipate the extreme inflation that beset the postwar economy. In order to alleviate
the problem of workforce influx, the government passed the GI Bill of Rights, which offered
federal aid to facilitate soldiers' reintegration into society. The bill provided veterans with loans
to attend college or start businesses and offered unemployment benefits for up to a year to
those unable to acquire gainful employment. In terms of the inflation problem, however, the
government struggled to find a solution. It was the very relinquishment of government control
over the economy (that had been necessary during the war) that initiated the rise in prices and
the dollar's drop in value. Workers called for an increase in wages, but Truman knew that
increasing wages would only escalate the inflation problem. During Truman's second term he
passed several Fair Deal policies through Congress that began to help the economy, including a
raise in minimum wage, an increase in social security benefits, and the offer of loans for low-
cost housing.
7.1 What was the baby boom and why did it happen? - ANSWER-*During the great depression
and WWII, many Americans were afraid to get married and raise kids because of the instability.
But once it was over Americans began a baby boom of children.*
During the years of economic struggle and uncertainty experienced during the Great Depression
and World War II, marriage and birth rates significantly dropped. Many felt apprehension
regarding the future and their ability to support a family. After the war ended and the nation
began experiencing economic prosperity, however, marriage and birth rates skyrocketed,
increasing by tens of millions. The main reasons for this trend were the alleviation of economic
,worries through the new prosperity, an improvement in health care and nutrition, and the
relative security of post-war peace.
7.1 How did television affect American culture during this period? - ANSWER-*Commercials and
advertisements made their way on TV as more Americans began watching. This caused more
spending in the home. It also reflected and shaped American cultural values.*
With the increased presence of televisions within American homes came an increase in
television's influence on American culture. Television increased the amount of time Americans
spent recreating (by watching various programs, for example). Americans' awareness
concerning world events and news, and the pressure to purchase consumer goods also
increased through commercials. Television influenced Americans' sense of normative societal
values as programs portrayed ideal middle-class families interacting within their nuclear units
and with the greater community.
7.1 How did the new economic prosperity and subsequent spending habits reshape the nation?
- ANSWER-*Because of economic prosperity, Americans began moving to suburbs where they
hastily built large areas of homes with shopping centers, stores, and gas stations. This also
meant there was the need for cars instead of public transportation so more people bought cars.
This then made traveling possible, so the need for hotels and highways called for the change.*
New economic prosperity and the accompanying increase in spending reshaped the nation as
flocks of expanding economically stable families moved to the newly constructed suburbs
blossoming outside of the nation's cities. These families purchased new tract houses and
patronized the commercial amenities such as stores, restaurants, and gas stations that sprang
up around the new suburban communities. In addition, the absence of public transportation
caused most people to travel to work in the cities via automobile, which increased the sale of
automobiles all over the nation. The presence of automobiles necessitated the building of new
roads and freeways, which the government constructed to connect cities and towns. The
increased American mobility motivated tourism and travel in the United States and sparked
American recreation.
7.2 What is segregation? What events eventually ended it? - ANSWER-Segregation was the
practice of separating people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences. This applied mostly
to blacks and whites during this period. Blacks were barred from attending white theaters,
schools, and restaurants and from using white water fountains and restrooms. Three events
began to change segregation policies:
,a. The admittance of Jackie Robinson into the baseball major leagues as the first black player
b. Truman's integration of the armed forces during the Korean War
c. The victorious Supreme Court decision made in response to Brown v. Topeka Board of
Education, which recognized the unconstitutionality of the separate but equal policy and
initiated the desegregation process.
7.2 What federal acts contributed to the success of the civil rights movement? - ANSWER-
Several legislative acts significantly impacted the progress of the civil rights movement.
-The Twenty-fourth Amendment, ratified in 1964, prohibited governments from requiring a poll
tax of voters. Poll taxes had been instituted during the Reconstruction period to prevent poor
blacks from voting.
-The Civil Rights Act of 1964 marked a watershed moment in the struggle by forbidding
discrimination based on race or gender, extending the right to vote to all citizens, and
establishing desegregation.
-Finally, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 enabled blacks to vote by ending the literacy test
previously required to vote and providing federal assistance to help blacks register to vote.
7.2 What events occurred in Little Rock, Arkansas, related to desegregation? How did the
federal government respond? - ANSWER-When Eisenhower supported the cause by sending the
federal government to escort the students to school it showed that the government may give
support in the fight for equality.
7.2 What casualties did the black community experience during their struggle for equality? -
ANSWER--The houses and churches of many leaders were bombed, sometimes killing those
inside. Leaders were often jailed for insignificant reasons.
-During nonviolent protests, police would set attack dogs on the protestors and blast them with
high-powered fire hoses.
-Martin Luther King, Jr., the most beloved leader of the civil rights movement, was assassinated
by a foe of the cause.
, -In addition to these direct acts of violence, violence between the races also broke out, causing
significant casualties on both sides. The six-day Watts Riot in 1965 left thirty-four people dead
and one thousand injured. Similar riots surfaced in cities all over the nation, resulting in many
deaths and serious property damage.
7.2 What forms of protest did African Americans use to fight discrimination? Give examples. -
ANSWER--Sit-ins were a peaceful way of protesting in which blacks would refuse to obey
segregation laws until served or forcibly moved. Students would do this in restaurants.
-Boycotts were peaceful protests against a certain business where they would refuse to use a
product to prove a point.
-Riots took place, but only a few. these tend to be more aggressive and less effective.
-African Americans would also protest by marching a holding up signs.
-freedom rides, in which black and white students traveled across the country via bus to
promote integration through sit-ins, marches, and protests.
-Effective public speakers such as Martin Luther King, Jr., gave stirring speeches that influenced
the public and infused the black populous with motivation and hope.
7.3 What were Kennedy's priorities as president? Was he successful? What about Johnson? -
ANSWER-Kennedy's priorities as president were first to fight poverty. He was not successful
because when he pressed Congress to pass laws to help Americans struggling, congress rejected
hs his proposals. They did fund the Peace Corps and approved his proposal to explore space.
President Johnson continued Kennedy's exploration of space and pushed many programs
through congress. He also fought the war on poverty by pushing the Economic Opportunity Act,
a tax reduction law, and the Civil rights Act, which effectively outlawed racial segregation. He
also started the program called the Great Society with the purpose of helping everyone
suffering from poverty. He also passed medicare and Medicaid. Medicare helped senior citizens
pay for medical bills while Medicaid assisted the poor with the cost. He also established the
