Biology 151 Exam Rated A+
Scatter plot - Answer ✔✔- show relationship between two common variables
Bar chart - Answer ✔✔- compare two or more groups, use average and error bars
showing uncertainty around the mean
Histogram - Answer ✔✔- show variation within one population by plotting number of
individuals found at each X value
Box and whisker plot - Answer ✔✔- Compare two or more groups, emphasize variations
within each group and how much groups overlap, show median and where 50% of data
points fall
Pie chart - Answer ✔✔- compare relative proportions of different categories
hypothesis - Answer ✔✔- testable statement that explains a phenomenon or a set of
observations
experimental predication - Answer ✔✔- guess based on prior knowledge
evolution - Answer ✔✔- theory that all organisms on Earth are related by common
ancestry and that they have changed over timed continue to change via natural
selection and other processes
natural selection - Answer ✔✔- process by which individuals with certain heritable traits
tend to produce more surviving offspring than do individuals without those traits
heritable - Answer ✔✔- traits that can be transmitted from one generation to the next
population - Answer ✔✔- group of individuals of the same species living in the same
geographic area at the same time
artificial selection - Answer ✔✔- intentional breeding of plants and animals
fitness - Answer ✔✔- ability of an individual to produce viable offspring relative to others
of the same species
adaptation - Answer ✔✔- any heritable trait that increases the fitness of an individual
with that trait in a particular environment
Can an individual organism adapt (in the evolutionary sense) during its lifetime? Why? -
Answer ✔✔- No, because adaptation occurs across generations and is heritable.
, What evidence do you need to show something is an adaptation? - Answer ✔✔- 1.
Heritable traits
2. Spreads across generations
3. Evolve from natural selection
The term evolution means that ---- change through time - Answer ✔✔- populations
What does it mean to say that a characteristic of an organism is heritable? - Answer
✔✔- The characteristic can be passed on to offspring
What does it mean to say that a species is adapted to a particular habitat? - Answer
✔✔- Traits that increased the fitness of individuals in this habitat become increasingly
frequent among the population
Explain how selection occurs during natural selection. What is selected, and why? -
Answer ✔✔- Individuals with certain traits are selected, in the sense that they produce
the most offspring
Domain bacteria - Answer ✔✔- one of three taxonomic domains of life, unicellular
prokaryote, cells walls, plasma membranes, no nucleus
Domain archaea - Answer ✔✔- one of three taxonomic domains of life, unicellular
prokaryote, cell walls, no cell nucleus, plasma membranes
Domain eukarya - Answer ✔✔- one of three taxonomic domains of life, unicellular
organisms, multicellular organisms, membrane-bound cell nucleus, organelles,
cytoskeleton
phylum/phyla - Answer ✔✔- taxonomic category above the class level and below the
kingdom level
genus/genera - Answer ✔✔- taxonomic category of closely related species, capitalized
and italicized
species - Answer ✔✔- evolutionarily independent population or groups of population
Why is the five kingdom system of taxonomy inaccurate? - Answer ✔✔- 1. Bacteria and
archaea grouped in same kingdom
What domain do insects fall in? Humans? - Answer ✔✔- Eukaryote
observational study - Answer ✔✔- observe subjects and measure variables of interest
without assigning treatments to the subjects, beyond investigator's control
Scatter plot - Answer ✔✔- show relationship between two common variables
Bar chart - Answer ✔✔- compare two or more groups, use average and error bars
showing uncertainty around the mean
Histogram - Answer ✔✔- show variation within one population by plotting number of
individuals found at each X value
Box and whisker plot - Answer ✔✔- Compare two or more groups, emphasize variations
within each group and how much groups overlap, show median and where 50% of data
points fall
Pie chart - Answer ✔✔- compare relative proportions of different categories
hypothesis - Answer ✔✔- testable statement that explains a phenomenon or a set of
observations
experimental predication - Answer ✔✔- guess based on prior knowledge
evolution - Answer ✔✔- theory that all organisms on Earth are related by common
ancestry and that they have changed over timed continue to change via natural
selection and other processes
natural selection - Answer ✔✔- process by which individuals with certain heritable traits
tend to produce more surviving offspring than do individuals without those traits
heritable - Answer ✔✔- traits that can be transmitted from one generation to the next
population - Answer ✔✔- group of individuals of the same species living in the same
geographic area at the same time
artificial selection - Answer ✔✔- intentional breeding of plants and animals
fitness - Answer ✔✔- ability of an individual to produce viable offspring relative to others
of the same species
adaptation - Answer ✔✔- any heritable trait that increases the fitness of an individual
with that trait in a particular environment
Can an individual organism adapt (in the evolutionary sense) during its lifetime? Why? -
Answer ✔✔- No, because adaptation occurs across generations and is heritable.
, What evidence do you need to show something is an adaptation? - Answer ✔✔- 1.
Heritable traits
2. Spreads across generations
3. Evolve from natural selection
The term evolution means that ---- change through time - Answer ✔✔- populations
What does it mean to say that a characteristic of an organism is heritable? - Answer
✔✔- The characteristic can be passed on to offspring
What does it mean to say that a species is adapted to a particular habitat? - Answer
✔✔- Traits that increased the fitness of individuals in this habitat become increasingly
frequent among the population
Explain how selection occurs during natural selection. What is selected, and why? -
Answer ✔✔- Individuals with certain traits are selected, in the sense that they produce
the most offspring
Domain bacteria - Answer ✔✔- one of three taxonomic domains of life, unicellular
prokaryote, cells walls, plasma membranes, no nucleus
Domain archaea - Answer ✔✔- one of three taxonomic domains of life, unicellular
prokaryote, cell walls, no cell nucleus, plasma membranes
Domain eukarya - Answer ✔✔- one of three taxonomic domains of life, unicellular
organisms, multicellular organisms, membrane-bound cell nucleus, organelles,
cytoskeleton
phylum/phyla - Answer ✔✔- taxonomic category above the class level and below the
kingdom level
genus/genera - Answer ✔✔- taxonomic category of closely related species, capitalized
and italicized
species - Answer ✔✔- evolutionarily independent population or groups of population
Why is the five kingdom system of taxonomy inaccurate? - Answer ✔✔- 1. Bacteria and
archaea grouped in same kingdom
What domain do insects fall in? Humans? - Answer ✔✔- Eukaryote
observational study - Answer ✔✔- observe subjects and measure variables of interest
without assigning treatments to the subjects, beyond investigator's control
