HNF 150 2025/2026 Exam Questions and
Correct Answers | New Update
Understand the concept of nutrient density and state how it can be used to
determine the healthfulness of foods - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Nutrient Density-
foods rich in nutrients relative to their energy content (calories).
Usually whole foods= energy dense
Higher in nutrients, lower in calories = More Nutrient Dense
Fruits and veggies= energy dense
Identify the six classes of nutrients. Recall the energy yield (kcal/gram) for
carbohydrate, protein, fat, and alcohol. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Water: need in
largest quantity to replace water lost thru sweat, breath, urine
Alcohol: 7 kcal/g
Carbohydrates: energy to function 4 kcal/g
Fats: energy to function, insulation 9 kcal/g
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,Proteins: energy, gives materials that form structures and working parts of
tissues 4 kcal/g
Vitamins: serve as structures or regulators of body processes
Minerals: serve as structures or regulators of body processes
State the 5 characteristics of a nutritious diet: adequacy, balance, calorie
control, moderation and variety, and recognize an example of each
characteristic. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Adequacy- the foods provide enough of
each essential nutrient, fiber, and energy.
Balance- the choices do not overemphasize one nutrient or food type at the
expense of another.
Calorie Control- the foods provide the amount of energy you need to
maintain appropriate weight—not more, not less.
Moderation- the foods do not provide an excess of fat, salt, sugar, or other
unwanted "empty calorie" constituents. Not eating far too much or far too
little.
Variety- the foods chosen differ from one day to the next.
Identify the steps of the scientific method. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔
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,List the 5 characteristics scientists evaluate when weighing the totality of
evidence about a specific nutrition question. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Consistency
Strength (Strong correlations)
Biologically plausible
Dose dependent
Specifc
Describe and recognize an example of the major types of research studies.
- 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Case studies
Studies of individuals
Epidemiological studies
Study of populations
For example, migrations studies that follow populations from one food
environment to another (whole diet patterns)
Types
-Cross-sectional- measuring disease/condition at one time point between
two or more groups
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, -Case-control- identifying cases (those with disease/condition) and
comparing to controls (those without disease/condition)
-Cohort- following healthy population to see how many develop
disease/condition
Intervention Studies (Controlled/Clinical Trials)
Researchers actively intervene in one group of the population
(experimental group) and compare to a group that does not receive the
intervention (control group)
Laboratory studies
Studies performed under tightly controlled situations; often involve animals
List the health properties of garlic, and which compounds are responsible
for the health benefits and odor. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Contains sulfur
compounds which are released when garlic is crushed or cut.
Sulfur compounds are responsible for odor and healing properties.
Garlic is antimicrobial, antifungal, and antithrombotic, (prevents blood clots)
Rich in calcium, phosphorus, iron, thiamin, and Vitamin C
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Correct Answers | New Update
Understand the concept of nutrient density and state how it can be used to
determine the healthfulness of foods - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Nutrient Density-
foods rich in nutrients relative to their energy content (calories).
Usually whole foods= energy dense
Higher in nutrients, lower in calories = More Nutrient Dense
Fruits and veggies= energy dense
Identify the six classes of nutrients. Recall the energy yield (kcal/gram) for
carbohydrate, protein, fat, and alcohol. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Water: need in
largest quantity to replace water lost thru sweat, breath, urine
Alcohol: 7 kcal/g
Carbohydrates: energy to function 4 kcal/g
Fats: energy to function, insulation 9 kcal/g
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER:
619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Proteins: energy, gives materials that form structures and working parts of
tissues 4 kcal/g
Vitamins: serve as structures or regulators of body processes
Minerals: serve as structures or regulators of body processes
State the 5 characteristics of a nutritious diet: adequacy, balance, calorie
control, moderation and variety, and recognize an example of each
characteristic. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Adequacy- the foods provide enough of
each essential nutrient, fiber, and energy.
Balance- the choices do not overemphasize one nutrient or food type at the
expense of another.
Calorie Control- the foods provide the amount of energy you need to
maintain appropriate weight—not more, not less.
Moderation- the foods do not provide an excess of fat, salt, sugar, or other
unwanted "empty calorie" constituents. Not eating far too much or far too
little.
Variety- the foods chosen differ from one day to the next.
Identify the steps of the scientific method. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER:
619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,List the 5 characteristics scientists evaluate when weighing the totality of
evidence about a specific nutrition question. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Consistency
Strength (Strong correlations)
Biologically plausible
Dose dependent
Specifc
Describe and recognize an example of the major types of research studies.
- 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Case studies
Studies of individuals
Epidemiological studies
Study of populations
For example, migrations studies that follow populations from one food
environment to another (whole diet patterns)
Types
-Cross-sectional- measuring disease/condition at one time point between
two or more groups
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER:
619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, -Case-control- identifying cases (those with disease/condition) and
comparing to controls (those without disease/condition)
-Cohort- following healthy population to see how many develop
disease/condition
Intervention Studies (Controlled/Clinical Trials)
Researchers actively intervene in one group of the population
(experimental group) and compare to a group that does not receive the
intervention (control group)
Laboratory studies
Studies performed under tightly controlled situations; often involve animals
List the health properties of garlic, and which compounds are responsible
for the health benefits and odor. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Contains sulfur
compounds which are released when garlic is crushed or cut.
Sulfur compounds are responsible for odor and healing properties.
Garlic is antimicrobial, antifungal, and antithrombotic, (prevents blood clots)
Rich in calcium, phosphorus, iron, thiamin, and Vitamin C
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER:
619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
