.
,.
CHAPTER 1: The Science of the Mind gg gg gg gg gg gg
LEARNING OBJECTIVES gg
1.1. Describe the scope and goals of cognitive psychology.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
1.2. Understand the case of H.M., and the many ways that memory influences our lives.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
1.3. Describe the limitations of introspection as a method for scientific inquiry.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
1.4. Compare and contrast classical (Watsonian) behaviorism and cognitive psychology.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
1.5. Kant’s “transcendental method” is sometimes called “inference to best explanation.” Explain this method and how itworks.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
1.6. Describe the role, in the emergence of cognitive psychology, that was played by computer science and the develop-
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ment of “computer intelligence.”
gg gg gg
MULTIPLE CHOICE gg
1. Which of the following topics is NOT commonly studied within cognitive psychology?
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. anger management
gg c. memory
b. decision making gg d. Attention
ANS: A g g DIF: Easy REF: The Scope of Cognitive
gg gg gg
Psychology OBJ:
gg gg 1.1 MSC: Understanding gg
2. Cognitive processes are NOT necessary for which daily activity?
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. reading a newspaper gg gg c. talking on the phone gg gg gg
b. studying for a test gg gg gg d. breathing
ANS: g g D DIF: Easy REF: The Scope of Cognitive gg gg gg
Psychology
gg
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
3. Alyssa wants to be a psychologist but is unsure which topic within psychology most interests her.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
Which of the following topics would be LEAST likely to lead her into cognitive psychology?
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. amnesia c. Lyme disease gg
b. language acquisition gg d. problem-solving strategies gg
,.
ANS: C g g DIF: Easy REF: The Scope of Cognitive
gg gg gg
Psychology OBJ:
gg gg 1.1 MSC: Applying gg
4. Consider the sequence “Betsy wanted to bring Jacob a present. She shook her piggy bank.” Most
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
gg people, after hearing this sequence, believe Betsy was checking her piggy bank to see if she had money to spend on the
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
gg gift. This inference about Betsy’s goals depends on the fact that
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. our previous knowledge fills in background information whenever we’re understanding an
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
event or conversation.
gg gg gg
b. readers are likely to know someone named Jacob.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
c. English, unlike other languages, requires speakers to mention all of the people involved
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
in an event.
gg gg gg
d. the individual sentences are short.
gg gg gg gg
ANS: A g g DIF: Easy REF: The Broad Role for
gg gg gg
Memory OBJ:
gg gg 1.1 MSC: Understanding gg
5. Which of the following statements is LEAST likely to apply to patient H.M.?
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. “He cannot remember what he did earlier today, including events that took place just an hour ago.”
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. “He read this story last month, but he was still surprised by how the story turned out.”
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
c. “Even though he has encountered the nurse many times, he is still unable to recognize her.”
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
d. “He remembered that it was only a week ago that he’d heard the sad news that his uncle had died.”
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ANS: D g g DIF: Moderate REF: Amnesia and Memory gg gg
Loss OBJ:
gg gg 1.2 MSC: Applying gg
6. Research with H.M. provides an illustration for which major theme of the chapter?
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. Introspection is an important research tool for cognitive psychologists.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. Cognitive psychology can help us understand a wide range of activities that depend on
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
someone’s ability to remember.
gg gg gg gg
c. Memory is not very important. gg gg gg gg
d. The disruption caused by brain damage depends on how widespread the damage is, and
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
not on the specific sites that are damaged.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ANS: g g g g B DIF: Moderate REF: The Scope of Cognitive gg gg gg
Psychology
gg
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating
7. Patients suffering from clinical amnesia are characterized by
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. memory dysfunction. gg c. inarticulate speech. gg
b. an inability to recognize
gg gg gg d. impaired language comprehension. gg gg
patterns.
gg
ANS: A g g DIF: Easy REF: Amnesia and Memory gg gg
Loss OBJ:
gg gg 1.2 MSC: Remembering gg
8. The term “introspection” refers to the
gg gg gg gg gg
a. process by which one individual seeks to infer the thoughts of another individual.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. procedure of examining thought processing by monitoring the brain’s electrical activity.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
, .
c. process of each person looking within, to observe his or her own thoughts and ideas.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
d. technique of studying thought by interpreting the symbols used in communication.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ANS: C g g DIF: Easy REF: The Limits of
gg gg
Introspection OBJ:
gg gg 1.3 MSC: Remembering gg
9. A participant is asked to look within himself or herself and report on his or her own mental processes. This
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
method
gg
is called
gg
a. logical inference.
gg c. introspection.
b. reconstruction. d.
ANS: C g g DIF: Easy REF: The Limits of
gg gg
Introspection OBJ:
gg gg 1.3 MSC: Remembering gg
10. Of the following, introspection is LEAST useful for studying
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. topics that are strongly colored by emotion.
gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. mental events that are unconscious.
gg gg gg gg
c. processes that involve conceptual knowledge.
gg gg gg gg
d. events that take a long time to unfold.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ANS: B g g DIF: Moderate REF: The Limits of
gg gg
Introspection OBJ:
gg gg 1.3 MSC: Understanding gg
11. Which of the following statements about introspection is FALSE?
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. It is the only way to observe conscious events directly.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. It is subjective.
gg gg
c. It provides strong evidence for hypothesis-testing.
gg gg gg gg gg
d. It was a technique used historically to study cognition.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ANS: C g g DIF: Moderate REF: The Limits of
gg gg
Introspection OBJ:
gg gg 1.3 MSC: Understanding gg
12. Genie wonders why she can never remember the names of new acquaintances. In search of an answer, she
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
examines and reflects on her feelings about meeting new people. Genie is engaged in which process?
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. practical rehearsal gg c. learning history analysis gg gg
b. introspection d. goal retrieval gg
ANS: B g g DIF: Moderate REF: The Limits of
gg gg
Introspection OBJ:
gg gg 1.3 MSC: Applying gg
13. Introspection was employed as a research tool in the late 1800s because
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. it was regarded as the only way to observe the mind’s contents directly.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. it provided data from individuals without any specialized training.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
c. conscious events are just as important as unconscious events.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
,.
CHAPTER 1: The Science of the Mind gg gg gg gg gg gg
LEARNING OBJECTIVES gg
1.1. Describe the scope and goals of cognitive psychology.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
1.2. Understand the case of H.M., and the many ways that memory influences our lives.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
1.3. Describe the limitations of introspection as a method for scientific inquiry.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
1.4. Compare and contrast classical (Watsonian) behaviorism and cognitive psychology.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
1.5. Kant’s “transcendental method” is sometimes called “inference to best explanation.” Explain this method and how itworks.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
1.6. Describe the role, in the emergence of cognitive psychology, that was played by computer science and the develop-
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ment of “computer intelligence.”
gg gg gg
MULTIPLE CHOICE gg
1. Which of the following topics is NOT commonly studied within cognitive psychology?
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. anger management
gg c. memory
b. decision making gg d. Attention
ANS: A g g DIF: Easy REF: The Scope of Cognitive
gg gg gg
Psychology OBJ:
gg gg 1.1 MSC: Understanding gg
2. Cognitive processes are NOT necessary for which daily activity?
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. reading a newspaper gg gg c. talking on the phone gg gg gg
b. studying for a test gg gg gg d. breathing
ANS: g g D DIF: Easy REF: The Scope of Cognitive gg gg gg
Psychology
gg
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
3. Alyssa wants to be a psychologist but is unsure which topic within psychology most interests her.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
Which of the following topics would be LEAST likely to lead her into cognitive psychology?
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. amnesia c. Lyme disease gg
b. language acquisition gg d. problem-solving strategies gg
,.
ANS: C g g DIF: Easy REF: The Scope of Cognitive
gg gg gg
Psychology OBJ:
gg gg 1.1 MSC: Applying gg
4. Consider the sequence “Betsy wanted to bring Jacob a present. She shook her piggy bank.” Most
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
gg people, after hearing this sequence, believe Betsy was checking her piggy bank to see if she had money to spend on the
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
gg gift. This inference about Betsy’s goals depends on the fact that
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. our previous knowledge fills in background information whenever we’re understanding an
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
event or conversation.
gg gg gg
b. readers are likely to know someone named Jacob.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
c. English, unlike other languages, requires speakers to mention all of the people involved
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
in an event.
gg gg gg
d. the individual sentences are short.
gg gg gg gg
ANS: A g g DIF: Easy REF: The Broad Role for
gg gg gg
Memory OBJ:
gg gg 1.1 MSC: Understanding gg
5. Which of the following statements is LEAST likely to apply to patient H.M.?
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. “He cannot remember what he did earlier today, including events that took place just an hour ago.”
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. “He read this story last month, but he was still surprised by how the story turned out.”
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
c. “Even though he has encountered the nurse many times, he is still unable to recognize her.”
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
d. “He remembered that it was only a week ago that he’d heard the sad news that his uncle had died.”
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ANS: D g g DIF: Moderate REF: Amnesia and Memory gg gg
Loss OBJ:
gg gg 1.2 MSC: Applying gg
6. Research with H.M. provides an illustration for which major theme of the chapter?
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. Introspection is an important research tool for cognitive psychologists.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. Cognitive psychology can help us understand a wide range of activities that depend on
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
someone’s ability to remember.
gg gg gg gg
c. Memory is not very important. gg gg gg gg
d. The disruption caused by brain damage depends on how widespread the damage is, and
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
not on the specific sites that are damaged.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ANS: g g g g B DIF: Moderate REF: The Scope of Cognitive gg gg gg
Psychology
gg
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating
7. Patients suffering from clinical amnesia are characterized by
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. memory dysfunction. gg c. inarticulate speech. gg
b. an inability to recognize
gg gg gg d. impaired language comprehension. gg gg
patterns.
gg
ANS: A g g DIF: Easy REF: Amnesia and Memory gg gg
Loss OBJ:
gg gg 1.2 MSC: Remembering gg
8. The term “introspection” refers to the
gg gg gg gg gg
a. process by which one individual seeks to infer the thoughts of another individual.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. procedure of examining thought processing by monitoring the brain’s electrical activity.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
, .
c. process of each person looking within, to observe his or her own thoughts and ideas.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
d. technique of studying thought by interpreting the symbols used in communication.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ANS: C g g DIF: Easy REF: The Limits of
gg gg
Introspection OBJ:
gg gg 1.3 MSC: Remembering gg
9. A participant is asked to look within himself or herself and report on his or her own mental processes. This
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
method
gg
is called
gg
a. logical inference.
gg c. introspection.
b. reconstruction. d.
ANS: C g g DIF: Easy REF: The Limits of
gg gg
Introspection OBJ:
gg gg 1.3 MSC: Remembering gg
10. Of the following, introspection is LEAST useful for studying
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. topics that are strongly colored by emotion.
gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. mental events that are unconscious.
gg gg gg gg
c. processes that involve conceptual knowledge.
gg gg gg gg
d. events that take a long time to unfold.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ANS: B g g DIF: Moderate REF: The Limits of
gg gg
Introspection OBJ:
gg gg 1.3 MSC: Understanding gg
11. Which of the following statements about introspection is FALSE?
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. It is the only way to observe conscious events directly.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. It is subjective.
gg gg
c. It provides strong evidence for hypothesis-testing.
gg gg gg gg gg
d. It was a technique used historically to study cognition.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
ANS: C g g DIF: Moderate REF: The Limits of
gg gg
Introspection OBJ:
gg gg 1.3 MSC: Understanding gg
12. Genie wonders why she can never remember the names of new acquaintances. In search of an answer, she
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
examines and reflects on her feelings about meeting new people. Genie is engaged in which process?
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. practical rehearsal gg c. learning history analysis gg gg
b. introspection d. goal retrieval gg
ANS: B g g DIF: Moderate REF: The Limits of
gg gg
Introspection OBJ:
gg gg 1.3 MSC: Applying gg
13. Introspection was employed as a research tool in the late 1800s because
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
a. it was regarded as the only way to observe the mind’s contents directly.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
b. it provided data from individuals without any specialized training.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
c. conscious events are just as important as unconscious events.
gg gg gg gg gg gg gg gg
