NTRI 2000 Final Exam | Actual study set |
Questions and verified Answers
food - ANSW-any substance that the body can take in and assimilate that will enable it to stay alive and
grow
niacin - ANSW-vitamin b3
coenzyme forms used in energy metabolism and carry electrons
can be synthesized from tryptophan
insulin - ANSW-glucagon and epinephrine balance and inversely regulate the activities of _______.
69% - ANSW-percentage of overweight adults in the U.S.
60mg tryptophan - ANSW-1 mg niacin
carbohydrate - ANSW-made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
fuel all cells of the body (glucose specifically)
yield 4 kcal/gram
overweight - ANSW-characterized as weight above normal or desirable
lipids - ANSW-do not dissolve in water
different structures and functions
necessary for absorption and transportation of fat-soluble vitamins
3 classes; 2 types
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) - ANSW-standards in U.S. and Canada; set values for vitamins and
minerals, carbs, lipids, proteins, fiber, water, and energy
pellagra - ANSW-niacin deficiency
"rough skin"
poor appetite, weight loss, weakness, dementia, dermatitis, diarrhea, death
protein - ANSW-contain nitrogen
10-35% of daily calories
makes up many body components (lean body tissue, enzymes, hormones)
regulates/maintains body functions
provides structure and movement
made of amino acids
needs highest during infancy and adolescent growth spurts
35% - ANSW-percentage of total population in U.S. that is obese
catabolic process - ANSW-breaking down larger molecule to smaller
slow vs. fast carbs - ANSW-bodies react uniquely to different carbs
influenced by properties of food (fiber, protein, fat, etc.)
obesity - ANSW-excess adiposity
associated with significantly increased risk for health problems
,at risk for pellagra - ANSW-alcoholics
genetic disorder of tryptophan metabolism
corn based diets
energy from lipids - ANSW-9 kcal/g
37% - ANSW-women are considered obese when they have greater than ___% body fat
niacin toxicity - ANSW-> 100 mg
headache, itching, flushing of the skin
glucose - ANSW-usable form of carbohydrates
nutrition - ANSW-the science that links nutrients in foods and in the body to health and disease
includes processes by which the human organism ingests and D.A.T.E.s
energy from protein - ANSW-4 kcal/g
24% - ANSW-men are considered obese when they have greater than ___% body fat
lowering blood lipid levels - ANSW-high dose of niacin can be helpful for _______
energy balance - ANSW-the state in which energy intake, in the form of food and beverages, matches
energy expended, primarily through basal metabolism and physical activity
niacin food sources - ANSW-enriched grains and cereals, beef, poultry
large insulin response - ANSW-leads to high blood TGs, increased fat synthesis, and a more rapid return
of hunger
anabolic process - ANSW-synthesizing larger molecules from smaller
pantothenic acid - ANSW-part of coenzyme A
essential for metabolism of carbs, proteins, and fat
non-toxic
Daily Value (DV) - ANSW-set of nutrition standards useful in making comparisons between two products;
nutrient standard used on food labels based on the nutrient recommendations for a 2000 kcal eating
pattern
not intake recommendation but rather an indication of the contents
energy balance equation - ANSW-energy input = energy output
fat and oil - ANSW-2 types of lipids
diet - ANSW-the foods and beverages a person usually eats and drinks
enzymes - ANSW-speed up chemical reactions
energy input - ANSW-acquiring nutrients and kcal through consumption of food and beverages
pantothenic acid deficiency - ANSW-rare
usually in combination with deficiencies of other vitamins
energy output - ANSW-the kcals expended (burned) each day
pantothenic acid food sources - ANSW-milk, mushrooms, liver, peanuts
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) - ANSW-average daily nutrient intake level that meets the needs
of nearly all (97-98%) HEALTHY people in a particular life stage and gender group
derived from lots of experimental evidence
,hormones - ANSW-chemical messengers
cell - ANSW-basic structural and functional unit of life
self-contained, living entity
requires nutrients and oxygen
specialized to perform particular functions
triglycerides, phospholipids, sterols - ANSW-3 classes of lipids
positive energy balance - ANSW-input > output = weight gain
required during pregnancy, infancy, and childhood for normal growth/development
biotin functions - ANSW-coenzyme - ligase rxns of carbs and fat, degradation of certain amino acids
"Hair, skin, and nails" supplement
glycogen - ANSW-storage form of carbohydrates
frequent large insulin responses - ANSW-muscles could become resistant to insulin
negative energy balance - ANSW-input < output = weight loss
results in reduction of adipose tissue
biotin - ANSW-exists in a free and bound form in food
non-toxic, but supplements can interfere with diagnostic blood work (troponin tests for heart attack)
bomb calorimeter - ANSW-measures calorie content by burning a dried portion of food
the burning food raises the temperature of the water surrounding the chamber holding it, and the
increase in water temp indicated number of calories
avidin - ANSW-inhibits absorption of biotin, but cooking denatures it
glycemic index - ANSW-measures glycemic response and associated insulin release
ratio of blood glucose response to a given food compared to a standard
nutrients - ANSW-components of food that are indispensable to the body's functioning
provide energy, serve as building material, help maintain/repair body parts, support growth
Adequate Intakes (AI) - ANSW-the recommended average daily nutrient intake level that appears to be
adequate for people of a particular life stage or gender group to maintain health
used when not enough evidence is available to from an RDA
triglycerides - ANSW-3 FAs attached to glycerol
most common type of lipid found in food and body
FAs can be removed
components of energy output - ANSW-basal metabolic rate
activity thermogenesis (PA)
thermic effect of food (DATE of nutrients)
biotin deficiency - ANSW-rare
scaly inflamed skin; changes in tongue, lips; decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting
body organization - ANSW-cell, tissue, organ, organ system
amino acids - ANSW-single carbon with hydrogen, amino group (N-containing), acid group, and a variable
R-side chain attached
, 20 different ones make up ALL proteins
basal metabolism - ANSW-the minimal amount of calories the body uses to support itself in a fasting
state when resting and in a warm and quiet environment
includes energy needed for maintaining heartbeat, respiration, and body temp (NOT PA or DATE)
50-65% of total energy needs
biotin food sources - ANSW-egg yolk, liver
pyridoxine - ANSW-vitamin B6
family of three structurally similar compounds that are all converted to active coenzyme form (PLP)
standard of glycemic index - ANSW-white bread glucose (usually)
factors that increase basal metabolism - ANSW-body surface area (weight, height)
lean body mass (muscle)
gender (male has higher BMR than female)
45-65% kcal - ANSW-what percentage of your diet every day should be carbohydrates?
where are carbohydrates found? - ANSW-plant sources (legumes, fruits, veggies, and grains)
some are found in animals sources (dairy)
R-side chain - ANSW-determines amino acid
different shapes, sizes, and electrical charges
(positive = basic, negative = acidic)
factors that decrease basal metabolism - ANSW-decreases 10-20% during low kcal intake (ex: dieting)
declines about 1-2% every decade past age of 30
pyridoxine functions - ANSW-activates enzymes needed for metabolism of macros
synthesize non-EAAs, neurotransmitters, hemoglobin and WBC
role in homocysteine metabolism
Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) - ANSW-the highest average daily nutrient intake level that is unlikely
to cause negative health effects long-term
high GI foods - ANSW-rapid spike in blood glucose and insulin release
ex: foods w/ simple sugars, little fibers
physical activity - ANSW-accounts for 25-50% of energy expended (dependent on activity level)
includes EAT and NEAT
pyridoxine deficiency - ANSW-cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems affected
depression, vomiting, skin disorders, anemia
alcoholism increases susceptibility
pyridoxine high-dose therapy - ANSW-30-75 mg/day can reduce nausea during pregnancy
glycerol - ANSW-water-soluble carbohydrate derivative
exercise activity thermogenesis (EAT) - ANSW-planned, structured physical activity
ex: going for a run or lifting weights
support your body's growth and maintenance
Questions and verified Answers
food - ANSW-any substance that the body can take in and assimilate that will enable it to stay alive and
grow
niacin - ANSW-vitamin b3
coenzyme forms used in energy metabolism and carry electrons
can be synthesized from tryptophan
insulin - ANSW-glucagon and epinephrine balance and inversely regulate the activities of _______.
69% - ANSW-percentage of overweight adults in the U.S.
60mg tryptophan - ANSW-1 mg niacin
carbohydrate - ANSW-made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
fuel all cells of the body (glucose specifically)
yield 4 kcal/gram
overweight - ANSW-characterized as weight above normal or desirable
lipids - ANSW-do not dissolve in water
different structures and functions
necessary for absorption and transportation of fat-soluble vitamins
3 classes; 2 types
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) - ANSW-standards in U.S. and Canada; set values for vitamins and
minerals, carbs, lipids, proteins, fiber, water, and energy
pellagra - ANSW-niacin deficiency
"rough skin"
poor appetite, weight loss, weakness, dementia, dermatitis, diarrhea, death
protein - ANSW-contain nitrogen
10-35% of daily calories
makes up many body components (lean body tissue, enzymes, hormones)
regulates/maintains body functions
provides structure and movement
made of amino acids
needs highest during infancy and adolescent growth spurts
35% - ANSW-percentage of total population in U.S. that is obese
catabolic process - ANSW-breaking down larger molecule to smaller
slow vs. fast carbs - ANSW-bodies react uniquely to different carbs
influenced by properties of food (fiber, protein, fat, etc.)
obesity - ANSW-excess adiposity
associated with significantly increased risk for health problems
,at risk for pellagra - ANSW-alcoholics
genetic disorder of tryptophan metabolism
corn based diets
energy from lipids - ANSW-9 kcal/g
37% - ANSW-women are considered obese when they have greater than ___% body fat
niacin toxicity - ANSW-> 100 mg
headache, itching, flushing of the skin
glucose - ANSW-usable form of carbohydrates
nutrition - ANSW-the science that links nutrients in foods and in the body to health and disease
includes processes by which the human organism ingests and D.A.T.E.s
energy from protein - ANSW-4 kcal/g
24% - ANSW-men are considered obese when they have greater than ___% body fat
lowering blood lipid levels - ANSW-high dose of niacin can be helpful for _______
energy balance - ANSW-the state in which energy intake, in the form of food and beverages, matches
energy expended, primarily through basal metabolism and physical activity
niacin food sources - ANSW-enriched grains and cereals, beef, poultry
large insulin response - ANSW-leads to high blood TGs, increased fat synthesis, and a more rapid return
of hunger
anabolic process - ANSW-synthesizing larger molecules from smaller
pantothenic acid - ANSW-part of coenzyme A
essential for metabolism of carbs, proteins, and fat
non-toxic
Daily Value (DV) - ANSW-set of nutrition standards useful in making comparisons between two products;
nutrient standard used on food labels based on the nutrient recommendations for a 2000 kcal eating
pattern
not intake recommendation but rather an indication of the contents
energy balance equation - ANSW-energy input = energy output
fat and oil - ANSW-2 types of lipids
diet - ANSW-the foods and beverages a person usually eats and drinks
enzymes - ANSW-speed up chemical reactions
energy input - ANSW-acquiring nutrients and kcal through consumption of food and beverages
pantothenic acid deficiency - ANSW-rare
usually in combination with deficiencies of other vitamins
energy output - ANSW-the kcals expended (burned) each day
pantothenic acid food sources - ANSW-milk, mushrooms, liver, peanuts
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) - ANSW-average daily nutrient intake level that meets the needs
of nearly all (97-98%) HEALTHY people in a particular life stage and gender group
derived from lots of experimental evidence
,hormones - ANSW-chemical messengers
cell - ANSW-basic structural and functional unit of life
self-contained, living entity
requires nutrients and oxygen
specialized to perform particular functions
triglycerides, phospholipids, sterols - ANSW-3 classes of lipids
positive energy balance - ANSW-input > output = weight gain
required during pregnancy, infancy, and childhood for normal growth/development
biotin functions - ANSW-coenzyme - ligase rxns of carbs and fat, degradation of certain amino acids
"Hair, skin, and nails" supplement
glycogen - ANSW-storage form of carbohydrates
frequent large insulin responses - ANSW-muscles could become resistant to insulin
negative energy balance - ANSW-input < output = weight loss
results in reduction of adipose tissue
biotin - ANSW-exists in a free and bound form in food
non-toxic, but supplements can interfere with diagnostic blood work (troponin tests for heart attack)
bomb calorimeter - ANSW-measures calorie content by burning a dried portion of food
the burning food raises the temperature of the water surrounding the chamber holding it, and the
increase in water temp indicated number of calories
avidin - ANSW-inhibits absorption of biotin, but cooking denatures it
glycemic index - ANSW-measures glycemic response and associated insulin release
ratio of blood glucose response to a given food compared to a standard
nutrients - ANSW-components of food that are indispensable to the body's functioning
provide energy, serve as building material, help maintain/repair body parts, support growth
Adequate Intakes (AI) - ANSW-the recommended average daily nutrient intake level that appears to be
adequate for people of a particular life stage or gender group to maintain health
used when not enough evidence is available to from an RDA
triglycerides - ANSW-3 FAs attached to glycerol
most common type of lipid found in food and body
FAs can be removed
components of energy output - ANSW-basal metabolic rate
activity thermogenesis (PA)
thermic effect of food (DATE of nutrients)
biotin deficiency - ANSW-rare
scaly inflamed skin; changes in tongue, lips; decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting
body organization - ANSW-cell, tissue, organ, organ system
amino acids - ANSW-single carbon with hydrogen, amino group (N-containing), acid group, and a variable
R-side chain attached
, 20 different ones make up ALL proteins
basal metabolism - ANSW-the minimal amount of calories the body uses to support itself in a fasting
state when resting and in a warm and quiet environment
includes energy needed for maintaining heartbeat, respiration, and body temp (NOT PA or DATE)
50-65% of total energy needs
biotin food sources - ANSW-egg yolk, liver
pyridoxine - ANSW-vitamin B6
family of three structurally similar compounds that are all converted to active coenzyme form (PLP)
standard of glycemic index - ANSW-white bread glucose (usually)
factors that increase basal metabolism - ANSW-body surface area (weight, height)
lean body mass (muscle)
gender (male has higher BMR than female)
45-65% kcal - ANSW-what percentage of your diet every day should be carbohydrates?
where are carbohydrates found? - ANSW-plant sources (legumes, fruits, veggies, and grains)
some are found in animals sources (dairy)
R-side chain - ANSW-determines amino acid
different shapes, sizes, and electrical charges
(positive = basic, negative = acidic)
factors that decrease basal metabolism - ANSW-decreases 10-20% during low kcal intake (ex: dieting)
declines about 1-2% every decade past age of 30
pyridoxine functions - ANSW-activates enzymes needed for metabolism of macros
synthesize non-EAAs, neurotransmitters, hemoglobin and WBC
role in homocysteine metabolism
Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) - ANSW-the highest average daily nutrient intake level that is unlikely
to cause negative health effects long-term
high GI foods - ANSW-rapid spike in blood glucose and insulin release
ex: foods w/ simple sugars, little fibers
physical activity - ANSW-accounts for 25-50% of energy expended (dependent on activity level)
includes EAT and NEAT
pyridoxine deficiency - ANSW-cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems affected
depression, vomiting, skin disorders, anemia
alcoholism increases susceptibility
pyridoxine high-dose therapy - ANSW-30-75 mg/day can reduce nausea during pregnancy
glycerol - ANSW-water-soluble carbohydrate derivative
exercise activity thermogenesis (EAT) - ANSW-planned, structured physical activity
ex: going for a run or lifting weights
support your body's growth and maintenance
