Williams’ Essentials of Nutrition and Diet Therapy (13th Edition) – Complete Test Bank

How often should you eat meals when suffering from dumping syndrome? -ANS- small frequent meals What types of food should be included in every meal when suffering from dumping syndrome? -ANS- protein and fat What should be avoided when suffering from dumping syndrome? -ANS- concentrated sugars When should you consume liquids when suffering from dumping syndrome? -ANS- 1 hour before or after eating -ANS- What is the goal of nutrition therapy in anorexia? -ANS- stimulate appetite to maintain adequate nutritional intake How should food be seasoned when suffering from anorexia? -ANS- according to individual taste Should meals be large and spaced or small and frequent with anorexia? -ANS- small and frequent How should liquids be given with meals in anorexia? -ANS- 30 minutes before and after meals What should be limited in an anorexia diet -ANS- fat because it contributes to early satiety What are some ways to help GERD? -ANS- weight loss, raising the head of the bed when sleeping, and laying on your left side Which type of diarrhea occurs when there is an increase in particles in the intestine that draws in water? -ANS- osmotic What are some causes of osmotic diarrhea? -ANS- maldigestion of nutrients, excessive intake of sorbitol or fructose, dumping syndrome, tube feedings and some laxatives What type of diarrhea is present in lactorse intolerance? -ANS- osmotic What type of diarrhea is related to an excessive secretion of fluid and electrolytes in teh intestines? -ANS- secretory What causes secretory diarrhea? -ANS- infection, medication, GI disorders, excessive bile acids or unabsorbed fatty acids in the color How is secretory diarrhea treated? -ANS- antibiotics (if cause is infectious) True or false secretory diarrhea has to do with the bowel rather than the food your taking in -ANS- True What type of foods are encouraged with diarrhea? -ANS- high-potassium foods What foods should be avoied during diarrhea? -ANS- clear liquids because tof their high osmolality content What produces bloating, cramping and flatulence in lactose intolerance? -ANS- lactose being fermented in the colon True or False: Undigested lactose decreases the osmolality of the intestinal conents? -ANS- False: it increases osmolality True or False: Chocolate milk is usually better tolerated than plain milk -ANS- True What is a genetic autoimmune disorer characterized by chronic inflammation of the proximal small intestine mucosa? -ANS- Celiac disease What are the 3 foods containing proteins unable to be digested in Celiac disease? -ANS- wheat, barley, and rye What are some symptoms of celiac disease? -ANS- diarrhea, abdominal distention and failure to thrive True or False: the main symptom of celiac disease is dermatitis herpetiformis -ANS- True Who is at the highest risk for developing celiac disease? -ANS- people with a first-degree relative, down syndrome, and those with an autoimmune disease Untreated celiac disease increases the risk of what diseases? -ANS- small-bowel cancer, T cell lymphoma What commonly occurs secondary to celiac disease? -ANS- lactose intolerance What do illeostomies cause a decrease in? -ANS- fat, bile acid, and vitamin B12 absorption Is ulcerative collitis or chrons disease more likely to cause nutritional complications? -ANS- Crohns What are some key points in nutrition therapy of IBD? -ANS- low fiber, protein and calorie needs elevated What is an example of a prebiotic? -ANS- guar gum What is recommended to limit when suffering from gallstones? -ANS- fat How is H.pylori responsible for peptic ulcers? -ANS- it secretes an enzyme that depletes gastric mucus, making the mucosal layer more susceptible to erosion. How do you treat H.pylori caused ulcers? -ANS- antibiotics What are some recommendations when suffering from peptic ulcers? -ANS- avoid items that stimulate gastric acid secretion, avoid eating 2 hours before bed, avoid individual intolerances What disease is closely linked with diabetes type 2 -ANS- metabolic syndrome What risk factors are associated with metabolic syndrome? -ANS- greater than recommended waste size, elevated triglycerides, low HDL, elevated BP and elevated fasting glucose What is the primary focus of treatment in type 2 diabetes? -ANS- weight loss What should people with diabetes limit their fat and cholesterol to? -ANS- less than 7% diet and less than 200mg of cholesterol What vitamin helps blood sugar matinence? -ANS- chromium What are the 3 major categories in the exchange list for diabetics? -ANS- Carbs, Meat and Fats When should a person who has diabetes eat in regards to exersize? -ANS- exersize at least 2 hours within eating What does illness do to blood glucose? -ANS- raise blood glucose Who is at the highest risk for hypertension? -ANS- african americans At what amount of sodium does the greatest reduction in blood pressure occur? -ANS- 1,500mg of sodium What is the relationship between potassium and blood pressure? -ANS- potassium intake increases, blood pressure decreases How much Potassium is recommended to be consumed by people following the dASH diet? -ANS- 4.7g/da Does alcohol affect blood pressure? -ANS- Yes-limit to 2 drinks a day for men and 1 for women What are the risk factors that cannot be modified for CHD? -ANS- Genetics, Gender (Male), advancing age What is considered a good LDL cholesterol? -ANS- below 100 What is considered a good HDL score? -ANS- above 60 Increasing levels of ____ increas the risk of developing CVD? -ANS- LDL What is considered high cholesterol? -ANS- anything over 240 Are fruits and vegetables succesful in preventing CVD? -ANS- People who consume a high intake are at a lower risk What 2 foods are associated with a decreased risk of CVD? -ANS- whole grains and fatty fish What can be used to help lower LDL levels up to 15%? -ANS- plant sterols What substances does the kidney excrete? -ANS- water, nitrogenous waste, electrolytes, sulfates, organic acids, toxic substances, & drugs What are 3 functions of the kidney -ANS- -regulate acid-base balance -BP regulation -metabolism of calcium and phosphorus What is a kidney disorder characterized by urinary protein losses greater than 3.0 g/d -ANS- Nephrotic syndrome What are the symptoms associated with nephrotic syndrome? -ANS- Proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, edem For stages 1-4 and hemodialysis what is the recommended intake of sodium? -ANS- 1,000-3,000 mg/day What is the recommended intake of fluid in stage 1-4? -ANS- fluid is unrestricted For people on hemodialysis what does the fluid allowance equal? -ANS- Volume of any urine prodced plus 1,000 mL As kidney function deteriorates what 2 vitamins should be restricted? -ANS- Phosphorus and Calcium HIn stages 1-4 what should calcium be limited to? -ANS- 1,000-1,500 mg/day Where is phosphorus found and how does this effect dietary restrictions of renal failure? -ANS- Found in protein-must limit protein In stages 1-4 of CKD what is the recommended daily protein intake? -ANS- .6-.75g/kg What happens to protein allowences in stage 5 of CKD? -ANS- increases to 50% higher than the RDA How should calorie intake be adjusted to accound for CKD? -ANS- consume adequate calories to spare protein from being used What is the recommended intake of calories/kg for patients with CKD?? -ANS- 35cal/kg True or False: Patients should not gain more than 3 pounds a day between dialysis to make sure the body isn't retaining fluid -ANS- False: not more than 2 pounds Limit the intake of what vitamins to reduce risk of kindey stones -ANS- oxalate, calcium, protein and sodium Some of the strongest links to cancer risk are : -ANS- excess body weight and physical inactivity What is the loss of lean body mass and weight loss called? -ANS- cachexia What are the goals of Nutrition therapy in cachexia? -ANS- preserve lean muscle mass and fat stores -improve quality of life After surgical treatment for cancer what nutritional requirements increase? -ANS- protein, calories, vitamin C, B vitamins, and iron When is a cancer patient eligible for enteral nutrition? -ANS- weight is less than 80% of ideal How much should asymptomatic patients with HIV increase their calories? -ANS- increased by 10% How much should calories be increased in symptomatic HIV? -ANS- increase by 20-30% above normal How many calories/kg are reccommended for stable HIV patients? -ANS- 37 to 45 cal/kg How many calories/kg are recommended if the client with HIV has an infection? -ANS- 45cal/kg How many calories/kg are recommended if the client with HIV is loosing weight? -ANS- 55cal/kg What is the recommended g/kg of protein for patients with HIV? -ANS- 1.2-2.0g/kg What are 2 nutrition therapys for patients suffering metabolic alterations of lipodystrophy? -ANS- mediterranean diet -resistance exercise What types of foods are the easiest to swallow? -ANS- moist semi-solid food such as pudding, custard, scrambled eggs and yogurt When does early dumping syndrome occur? -ANS- 10-20 minutes after eating When does intermediate dumping reaction occur? -ANS- 20-30 minutes after eating What occurs secndary to dumping syndrome due to a rapid absorption of carbs followed by an over secretion of insulin? -ANS- hypoglycemia True or false: patients with dumping syndrome are advised to lay down after eating? -ANS- True What is excess fat in the stool called? -ANS- steatorrhea Primary lactose occurs in who? -ANS- well people True or False: people with lactose intolerance may be asymptomatic when they consume less than 4-12g of lactose -ANS- True Which IBD can occur anywhere along the GI tract (Crohn's or Colitis) -ANS- Crohns the symptoms of gallstones are similar to that of what? -ANS- heart attack Fasting blood glucose levels of what indicate diabetes? -ANS- fasting blood glucose levels greater than 126mg/dL What are the symptoms of hypoglycemia? -ANS- shakiness, dizziness, sweating, hunger, headache, pale skin, confusion and seizure which mineral is being studied to improve and prevent diabetes? -ANS- chromium How many carb choices per meal and snack are allowed for most adults with diabetes? -ANS- 3-5 per meal, and 1-2 per snack What can be used to lower LDL levels? -ANS- plant sterols