Clinical Pathology exam questions and answers fully solved
what is the role of erythropoietin - Answerspromote production of RBC by the bone marrow
where is erythropoietin produced - Answersperitubular cells of the kidney in response to
hypoxia
why is it important to know the age of the patient before using RBC count referance numbers -
Answersyoung animals have lower RBC count and it takes a few months for the number to get
up to adult levels
Metarubricyte - Answerslast nuclear stage of RBC maturation
- larger cells with nuclei
reticulocyte - Answers2nd to last stage of RBC maturation
- stain blue with new methyln blue stain and has darker blue organelles in them
polychromatophils - Answers2nd to last stage in RBC maturation - bigger lavender coloured cells
with area of pallor at the centre when using romanowsky type stains
name the common romanowsky type stains - Answerswrights stain
giemsa stain
wright-giemsa stain
anaemia - Answershaving a low PCV/ decrease in haemoglobin or reduced RBC count
what are the 3 main causes of anaemia - Answersblood loss
erythrocyte destruction
reduced production of RBCs
what is regenerative anaemia - Answersweather the anaemia will correct its self or not - i.e. is
there an increased production of RBCs
how can you tell if anaemia is regenerative - Answershigher levels of
reticulocytes/polychromatophils in the peripheral blood (except in horses)
what tests can we doo to look for polychromasia (higher reticulocytes/polychromaphils) -
Answersblood smear + stain
or
haematology analyser
, anisocytosis - Answersunevenly sized RBC - due to polychomasia in regenerative anaemia
MCV (mean cell volume) - Answersaverage RBC volume in sample
MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) - Answersconcentration of haemoglobin
in average RBC
RDW (RBC distribution width) - Answerstells you degree of anisocytosis (size variation of RBCs)
the higher the RDW the more size variation in RBCs
what results would you expect to find from a hematology analyzer for regenerative anaemia -
Answersincreased MCV
decreased MCHC (polychromatophils have lower conc or Hb)
increased RDW
how long does it take for reticulocytes to appear in the peripheral blood - Answers2-4 days after
event
how would you determine if anaemia is regenerative in equids - Answersmacrocytosis > the
RBCs released are larger
causes and increase in MCV and RDW
could also take bloods over period of time and PCV should improve
clinical signs of anaemia - Answerspallor
weakness
inappetence
anorexia
higher BR and HR
types of regenerative anaemia - Answershaemorrhagic
haemolytic
types of non-regenerative anaemia - Answersprimary bone marrow disorders
secondary bone marrow disorders - i.e. chronic kidney disease = no EPO
causes of haemorrhagic anaemia - Answersblood loss due to trauma, ulceration or neoplasia
blood loss via genetic disorder i.e. coagulation disorder
what is the role of erythropoietin - Answerspromote production of RBC by the bone marrow
where is erythropoietin produced - Answersperitubular cells of the kidney in response to
hypoxia
why is it important to know the age of the patient before using RBC count referance numbers -
Answersyoung animals have lower RBC count and it takes a few months for the number to get
up to adult levels
Metarubricyte - Answerslast nuclear stage of RBC maturation
- larger cells with nuclei
reticulocyte - Answers2nd to last stage of RBC maturation
- stain blue with new methyln blue stain and has darker blue organelles in them
polychromatophils - Answers2nd to last stage in RBC maturation - bigger lavender coloured cells
with area of pallor at the centre when using romanowsky type stains
name the common romanowsky type stains - Answerswrights stain
giemsa stain
wright-giemsa stain
anaemia - Answershaving a low PCV/ decrease in haemoglobin or reduced RBC count
what are the 3 main causes of anaemia - Answersblood loss
erythrocyte destruction
reduced production of RBCs
what is regenerative anaemia - Answersweather the anaemia will correct its self or not - i.e. is
there an increased production of RBCs
how can you tell if anaemia is regenerative - Answershigher levels of
reticulocytes/polychromatophils in the peripheral blood (except in horses)
what tests can we doo to look for polychromasia (higher reticulocytes/polychromaphils) -
Answersblood smear + stain
or
haematology analyser
, anisocytosis - Answersunevenly sized RBC - due to polychomasia in regenerative anaemia
MCV (mean cell volume) - Answersaverage RBC volume in sample
MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) - Answersconcentration of haemoglobin
in average RBC
RDW (RBC distribution width) - Answerstells you degree of anisocytosis (size variation of RBCs)
the higher the RDW the more size variation in RBCs
what results would you expect to find from a hematology analyzer for regenerative anaemia -
Answersincreased MCV
decreased MCHC (polychromatophils have lower conc or Hb)
increased RDW
how long does it take for reticulocytes to appear in the peripheral blood - Answers2-4 days after
event
how would you determine if anaemia is regenerative in equids - Answersmacrocytosis > the
RBCs released are larger
causes and increase in MCV and RDW
could also take bloods over period of time and PCV should improve
clinical signs of anaemia - Answerspallor
weakness
inappetence
anorexia
higher BR and HR
types of regenerative anaemia - Answershaemorrhagic
haemolytic
types of non-regenerative anaemia - Answersprimary bone marrow disorders
secondary bone marrow disorders - i.e. chronic kidney disease = no EPO
causes of haemorrhagic anaemia - Answersblood loss due to trauma, ulceration or neoplasia
blood loss via genetic disorder i.e. coagulation disorder
