ASU JP Hyatt: BIO 201 Exam 3 UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
What is the bio-mechanics formula? - CORRECT ANSWER - force (produced by muscle)
x force arm (length) = resistance (amount of weight/mass we are trying to overcome) x resistance
arm (length)
answered in Newtons
What will differ between each mechanical level? - CORRECT ANSWER - the advantages:
amplifications of the force produced by a muscle through changing length of the force arm
What are the three classifications of levels? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1st
R(d) f(d)
---------------------------
fulcrum
2nd
R(d) f(u)
---------------------------
fulcrum
3rd
f(u) R(d)
----------------------------
fulcrum
What are the structures of articulations? - CORRECT ANSWER - Fibrous
-dense connective tissue connects to bone
-between bones in close contact
,Cartilaginous
-hyaline cartilage of fibrocartilage connective bone
Synovial
-joint capsules
-synovial fluid
-reinforcing ligaments and cartilages
What are the functions of articulations? - CORRECT ANSWER - synarthrotic
-immobile
amphiarthrotic
-slightly mobile
diarthrotic
-free mobile
What are the types of fibrous joints? - CORRECT ANSWER - sutures; syndesmoses;
gomphoses
What are the types of Cartilaginous joints? - CORRECT ANSWER - synchondroses;
symphyses
What are the types of synarthrotic joints? - CORRECT ANSWER - fibrous (suture;
gomphoses)
cartilaginous (synchondroses)
What are the types of amphiarthrotic joints? - CORRECT ANSWER - fibrous
(syndesmosis)
cartilaginous (symphysis)
,What are the accessory structures within joints? - CORRECT ANSWER - meniscus; fat
pads; bursa
What are the functions of meniscus? - CORRECT ANSWER - fibrocartilage additional
layer between articulating bones
subdivide cavity, channel fluid after shape of articulating surface
What are the functions of fat pads? - CORRECT ANSWER - -adipose covered by synovial
membranes
-protect articular cartilage
-packing material
What are the functions of bursa? - CORRECT ANSWER - -pockets of synovial fluid
surrounded by membrane
-reduce friction at site of tendons and ligaments attachments
Ligaments are - CORRECT ANSWER - bone to bone attachments
Tendons are - CORRECT ANSWER - muscle to bone attachments
What is the entheses and what is the hierarchy? - CORRECT ANSWER - attachment sites
for tendons and bones
tendons > fibrocartilage > mineralized fibrocartilage > bone
What are angular movements? - CORRECT ANSWER - origins and insertions
What are examples of angular movements? - CORRECT ANSWER - flexion, extension,
hyperextension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, rotation, supination, pronation, eversion,
inversion, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, opposition, retraction, protraction, depression, elevation,
lateral flexion
, What are types of synovial joints? - CORRECT ANSWER - plantar gliding
(acromioclavicular joint)
hinge joint
(knee joint)
condylar joint
(radiocarpal joint)
pivot joint
(atlantoaxial joint)
saddle joint
(carpal metacarpal joint)
ball and socket joint
(shoulder and hip joint)
What is the glenoid labrum? - CORRECT ANSWER - fibrocartilaginous rim around
glenoid cavity
What is the coracohumeral ligament? - CORRECT ANSWER - -reinforcing ligament
-helps support weight of upper limb
What do the three glenohumeral ligaments do? - CORRECT ANSWER - Strengthen
anterior capsule, but are weak support
What is the annular ligament and what is the pathology that comes with it? - CORRECT
ANSWER - this holds the head of the radius to the ulna
"nursemaid's elbow" -partial dislocation of radial head from olecranon
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
What is the bio-mechanics formula? - CORRECT ANSWER - force (produced by muscle)
x force arm (length) = resistance (amount of weight/mass we are trying to overcome) x resistance
arm (length)
answered in Newtons
What will differ between each mechanical level? - CORRECT ANSWER - the advantages:
amplifications of the force produced by a muscle through changing length of the force arm
What are the three classifications of levels? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1st
R(d) f(d)
---------------------------
fulcrum
2nd
R(d) f(u)
---------------------------
fulcrum
3rd
f(u) R(d)
----------------------------
fulcrum
What are the structures of articulations? - CORRECT ANSWER - Fibrous
-dense connective tissue connects to bone
-between bones in close contact
,Cartilaginous
-hyaline cartilage of fibrocartilage connective bone
Synovial
-joint capsules
-synovial fluid
-reinforcing ligaments and cartilages
What are the functions of articulations? - CORRECT ANSWER - synarthrotic
-immobile
amphiarthrotic
-slightly mobile
diarthrotic
-free mobile
What are the types of fibrous joints? - CORRECT ANSWER - sutures; syndesmoses;
gomphoses
What are the types of Cartilaginous joints? - CORRECT ANSWER - synchondroses;
symphyses
What are the types of synarthrotic joints? - CORRECT ANSWER - fibrous (suture;
gomphoses)
cartilaginous (synchondroses)
What are the types of amphiarthrotic joints? - CORRECT ANSWER - fibrous
(syndesmosis)
cartilaginous (symphysis)
,What are the accessory structures within joints? - CORRECT ANSWER - meniscus; fat
pads; bursa
What are the functions of meniscus? - CORRECT ANSWER - fibrocartilage additional
layer between articulating bones
subdivide cavity, channel fluid after shape of articulating surface
What are the functions of fat pads? - CORRECT ANSWER - -adipose covered by synovial
membranes
-protect articular cartilage
-packing material
What are the functions of bursa? - CORRECT ANSWER - -pockets of synovial fluid
surrounded by membrane
-reduce friction at site of tendons and ligaments attachments
Ligaments are - CORRECT ANSWER - bone to bone attachments
Tendons are - CORRECT ANSWER - muscle to bone attachments
What is the entheses and what is the hierarchy? - CORRECT ANSWER - attachment sites
for tendons and bones
tendons > fibrocartilage > mineralized fibrocartilage > bone
What are angular movements? - CORRECT ANSWER - origins and insertions
What are examples of angular movements? - CORRECT ANSWER - flexion, extension,
hyperextension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, rotation, supination, pronation, eversion,
inversion, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, opposition, retraction, protraction, depression, elevation,
lateral flexion
, What are types of synovial joints? - CORRECT ANSWER - plantar gliding
(acromioclavicular joint)
hinge joint
(knee joint)
condylar joint
(radiocarpal joint)
pivot joint
(atlantoaxial joint)
saddle joint
(carpal metacarpal joint)
ball and socket joint
(shoulder and hip joint)
What is the glenoid labrum? - CORRECT ANSWER - fibrocartilaginous rim around
glenoid cavity
What is the coracohumeral ligament? - CORRECT ANSWER - -reinforcing ligament
-helps support weight of upper limb
What do the three glenohumeral ligaments do? - CORRECT ANSWER - Strengthen
anterior capsule, but are weak support
What is the annular ligament and what is the pathology that comes with it? - CORRECT
ANSWER - this holds the head of the radius to the ulna
"nursemaid's elbow" -partial dislocation of radial head from olecranon
