OPOTA EXAM WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025-2026
Student Performance Objective (SPO): 1-1 - Correct Answer-A. Explains the
relationship between a Student Performance Objective and a test question
B. Explains the ultimate reason for law enforcement training
The Ultimate Reason for Law Enforcement Training 1-1 - Correct Answer-A. To be able
to protect life and property of yourself and the public.
A Peace Officers Main Goals 1-2 - Correct Answer-A. Enforce laws
B. Preserve peace
C. Prevent Crimes
D. Protect Civil Rights and liberties
E. provide Services
Considerations when exercising discretion - Correct Answer-A. Use sound judgement to
determine which laws are to be formally enforced.
B. Determine if there is a more constructive remedy to a situation without an arrest or
citation.
Prevention Patrol:
Deter crime
Interrupt a crime in progress
Position the officers to respond to emergency situations
Increase of feeling of security to citizens.
Incident Response:
Officers respond to minor situations
Typical dispositions include: Gathering information Directing parties to community
resources Restore order Complete reports
Emergency Response:
Takes precedence over all other calls
Less common than routine incident calls
Includes incidents. Criminal Investigation:
Process of discovering, collecting, preparing, identifying and presenting evidence to
determine what happened and who is responsible.
Investigations carried out by detectives
Responding officer secures and protects the scene
Detective should be able to pick up where the responding officer left off.
Factors Necessary for the commission of a Crime - Correct Answer-A. Desire (Most
difficult to change) The motivation behind the criminal behavior.
B. Victim the potential target criminals prefer an easy target that is unaware of his/her
surroundings or lacking proper security precautions.
,C. Opportunity (easiest to change) Removing opportunity for crime with proper security
measures applied to the victim's environment D.O.V.
Crime Prevention is About:
A. Attitude
B. Modifying Behavior
4 "D's" of Crime Prevention:
Deny
Delay
Detect
Deter
Core Concept of Community Policing - Correct Answer-A. A partnership between the
police and the community
B. Crime prevention
C. Organizational change of the agency
D. A problem solving approach to the police role that is proactive
"SARA" Model: A. Scanning
B. Analysis
C. Response
D. Assessment
Considerations for Off Duty Situations - Correct Answer-A. Behavior, a. An officer's
behavior is often scrutinized by the community even when not on duty b, not only does
this refer to physical and verbal actions, but also online activity on social media. c. An
officer is expected to uphold the law enforcement code of ethics.
B. Situational Awareness, a. An officer should make every effort to remain alert even
when not working. b. You never know when you may need to transition quickly from
private citizen to a peace officer. c. Make certain to pre-plan with your family should a
situation arise while together. d. Create a number of scenarios for your family to
practice. e. Familiarize yourself with your agency's off duty weapon policy. C. Be a good
witness, a. If a situation arises when police intervention is necessary.
Purpose of the Bill Of Rights - Correct Answer-A. To protect an individual's freedoms
B. To prevent the government from interfering in protected rights
Major Components of Criminal Justice System - Correct Answer-A. Law Enforcement
(e.g. Police Officer, Deputy Sheriff) a. Keep the peace b. Apprehend violators c. Prevent
crime d. Provide social services
B. Courts
a. Hold fair and impartial trials b. Determine guilt or innocence. c. Impose sentences on
the guilty. d. Key personnel include judges, prosecutors, and defense attorneys.
C. Corrections - Responsible for supervising offenders a. Prisons/County jails.
b. Parole.
c. Probation
d. Halfway houses
e. Work release programs.
,Goals of Sentencing - Correct Answer-A. To punish the offender and in many cases,
rehabilitate the offender. B. Protect society. C. Restore the victim as much as possible.
The concept of lawful actions and police legitimacy - Correct Answer-A. Lawful: Defined
by laws and standards
B. Criminal Law: Identify what actions are prohibited
C. Rules of agency (Administrative rules, general orders, standard operating
procedures)
D. Constitutional law (4th, 5th and 6th)
E. Police Legitimacy: Exists when the public views the Police as authorized to exercise
power in order to maintain social order, manage conflicts and solve problems in the
community
F. Officers can act lawfully and in the parameters of agency policy and the citizenry still
not perceive there to be Police legitimacy - There can be lawful, but awful interactions.
3 Resulting Judgments of Police Legitimacy in Action that Translate into Positive -
Correct Answer-A. Judgement 1
a. Public trust and confidence in the Police as being honest, trying to do the job well,
trying to protect the community.
b. Result - Individuals are more likely to become actively involved in Police community
partnerships.
B. Judgement 2
a. Public willingness to defer to the law and Police authority.
b. Result - There is a correlation between those who obey the laws and those who view
the police as legitimate; In addition to those who see the Police as legitimate have an
increased willingness to cooperate by reporting crimes and providing valuable
information known and suspected offenders.
C. Judgement 3
a. Public belief that Police actions are morally justified and appropriate.
b. Result - Citizens are more likely to cooperate and defer in moments of crisis.
Circumstances when Filming the Police is Permissible - Correct Answer-A. At least one
party to the encounter consents OR B. When officers are carrying out the the duties in
public, so long as it does not interfere with the officers carrying out their duties.
The Relationship between Race, Genetics and Physical Characteristics. - Correct
Answer-A. Race is a modern concept used to classify people by similar observable
physical characteristics.
B. It is not, as many people think, based on genetics.
C. Despite surface appearance, humans are one of the most genetically similar of all
species.
D. Within the human species, there is no distinct genetic profile that completely
distinguishes one so-called race from another.
, E. This is because most genetically influenced traits like hair, skin, eye shape, blood
type, athleticism and intelligence are inherited completely independent from one
another.
The connection between between In-groups, Out and police legitimacy. - Correct
Answer-A. Some individuals interpret their encounters by Police in terms of their groups
social position rather than, or in addition to, the immediate circumstances of the Police
contact.
Types of Racism - Correct Answer-A. Individual Racism, a. Internalized unexpressed
biases and prejudices based on race.
B. Interpersonal Racism
a. Occurs between individuals.
b. Includes public expression of racial prejudice and hate made by individual's.
C. Institutional Racism,
a. Race based, discriminatory policies and treatment that are produced and perpetuated
by institutions (Schools, media, government, banks) that result in equitable opportunities
and impacts
b. Occurs within and between institutions
c. Includes the discriminatory actions of individuals exercising the authority of the
institution (e.g. A bank loan officer representing an institution, treating someone with
racial bias; A law enforcement institution treating someone with racial bias).
D. Structural Racism
a. Refers to the collective way history, culture and institutions reinforce and perpetuate
racialized outcomes, even in the absence of racial intent.
b. It is broadly encompassing; It touches on all aspects of society (e.g. history, politics,
economics) and is the foundation from which the other types of racism emerge.
c. Indicators include power inequalities, unequal access to opportunities and differing
outcomes by race, whether or not intentional.
Components of Biases - Correct Answer-A. Stereotypes
a. Generalization about the perceived "typical" characteristics of a social category.
b. We categorize people by age, gender, race and role.
c. Stereotypes do not necessarily have to have a negative connotation, as social
scientists point out that it is just a way for your brain to quickly sort people into
recognizable groups.
B. Prejudices
a. An often negative prejudgment based on characteristics such as race, age, etc that is
not necessarily reasonable or logical.
C. Attitude
a. Positive or negative feelings associated with individuals or groups: the tendency to
like or dislike, or to act favorably or unfavorably toward someone or something.
Biased Based Profiling and Criminal Profiling - Correct Answer-A. Bias Based Profiling,
racial profiling and illegal profiling have the same meaning and are used
interchangeably
ANSWERS 2025-2026
Student Performance Objective (SPO): 1-1 - Correct Answer-A. Explains the
relationship between a Student Performance Objective and a test question
B. Explains the ultimate reason for law enforcement training
The Ultimate Reason for Law Enforcement Training 1-1 - Correct Answer-A. To be able
to protect life and property of yourself and the public.
A Peace Officers Main Goals 1-2 - Correct Answer-A. Enforce laws
B. Preserve peace
C. Prevent Crimes
D. Protect Civil Rights and liberties
E. provide Services
Considerations when exercising discretion - Correct Answer-A. Use sound judgement to
determine which laws are to be formally enforced.
B. Determine if there is a more constructive remedy to a situation without an arrest or
citation.
Prevention Patrol:
Deter crime
Interrupt a crime in progress
Position the officers to respond to emergency situations
Increase of feeling of security to citizens.
Incident Response:
Officers respond to minor situations
Typical dispositions include: Gathering information Directing parties to community
resources Restore order Complete reports
Emergency Response:
Takes precedence over all other calls
Less common than routine incident calls
Includes incidents. Criminal Investigation:
Process of discovering, collecting, preparing, identifying and presenting evidence to
determine what happened and who is responsible.
Investigations carried out by detectives
Responding officer secures and protects the scene
Detective should be able to pick up where the responding officer left off.
Factors Necessary for the commission of a Crime - Correct Answer-A. Desire (Most
difficult to change) The motivation behind the criminal behavior.
B. Victim the potential target criminals prefer an easy target that is unaware of his/her
surroundings or lacking proper security precautions.
,C. Opportunity (easiest to change) Removing opportunity for crime with proper security
measures applied to the victim's environment D.O.V.
Crime Prevention is About:
A. Attitude
B. Modifying Behavior
4 "D's" of Crime Prevention:
Deny
Delay
Detect
Deter
Core Concept of Community Policing - Correct Answer-A. A partnership between the
police and the community
B. Crime prevention
C. Organizational change of the agency
D. A problem solving approach to the police role that is proactive
"SARA" Model: A. Scanning
B. Analysis
C. Response
D. Assessment
Considerations for Off Duty Situations - Correct Answer-A. Behavior, a. An officer's
behavior is often scrutinized by the community even when not on duty b, not only does
this refer to physical and verbal actions, but also online activity on social media. c. An
officer is expected to uphold the law enforcement code of ethics.
B. Situational Awareness, a. An officer should make every effort to remain alert even
when not working. b. You never know when you may need to transition quickly from
private citizen to a peace officer. c. Make certain to pre-plan with your family should a
situation arise while together. d. Create a number of scenarios for your family to
practice. e. Familiarize yourself with your agency's off duty weapon policy. C. Be a good
witness, a. If a situation arises when police intervention is necessary.
Purpose of the Bill Of Rights - Correct Answer-A. To protect an individual's freedoms
B. To prevent the government from interfering in protected rights
Major Components of Criminal Justice System - Correct Answer-A. Law Enforcement
(e.g. Police Officer, Deputy Sheriff) a. Keep the peace b. Apprehend violators c. Prevent
crime d. Provide social services
B. Courts
a. Hold fair and impartial trials b. Determine guilt or innocence. c. Impose sentences on
the guilty. d. Key personnel include judges, prosecutors, and defense attorneys.
C. Corrections - Responsible for supervising offenders a. Prisons/County jails.
b. Parole.
c. Probation
d. Halfway houses
e. Work release programs.
,Goals of Sentencing - Correct Answer-A. To punish the offender and in many cases,
rehabilitate the offender. B. Protect society. C. Restore the victim as much as possible.
The concept of lawful actions and police legitimacy - Correct Answer-A. Lawful: Defined
by laws and standards
B. Criminal Law: Identify what actions are prohibited
C. Rules of agency (Administrative rules, general orders, standard operating
procedures)
D. Constitutional law (4th, 5th and 6th)
E. Police Legitimacy: Exists when the public views the Police as authorized to exercise
power in order to maintain social order, manage conflicts and solve problems in the
community
F. Officers can act lawfully and in the parameters of agency policy and the citizenry still
not perceive there to be Police legitimacy - There can be lawful, but awful interactions.
3 Resulting Judgments of Police Legitimacy in Action that Translate into Positive -
Correct Answer-A. Judgement 1
a. Public trust and confidence in the Police as being honest, trying to do the job well,
trying to protect the community.
b. Result - Individuals are more likely to become actively involved in Police community
partnerships.
B. Judgement 2
a. Public willingness to defer to the law and Police authority.
b. Result - There is a correlation between those who obey the laws and those who view
the police as legitimate; In addition to those who see the Police as legitimate have an
increased willingness to cooperate by reporting crimes and providing valuable
information known and suspected offenders.
C. Judgement 3
a. Public belief that Police actions are morally justified and appropriate.
b. Result - Citizens are more likely to cooperate and defer in moments of crisis.
Circumstances when Filming the Police is Permissible - Correct Answer-A. At least one
party to the encounter consents OR B. When officers are carrying out the the duties in
public, so long as it does not interfere with the officers carrying out their duties.
The Relationship between Race, Genetics and Physical Characteristics. - Correct
Answer-A. Race is a modern concept used to classify people by similar observable
physical characteristics.
B. It is not, as many people think, based on genetics.
C. Despite surface appearance, humans are one of the most genetically similar of all
species.
D. Within the human species, there is no distinct genetic profile that completely
distinguishes one so-called race from another.
, E. This is because most genetically influenced traits like hair, skin, eye shape, blood
type, athleticism and intelligence are inherited completely independent from one
another.
The connection between between In-groups, Out and police legitimacy. - Correct
Answer-A. Some individuals interpret their encounters by Police in terms of their groups
social position rather than, or in addition to, the immediate circumstances of the Police
contact.
Types of Racism - Correct Answer-A. Individual Racism, a. Internalized unexpressed
biases and prejudices based on race.
B. Interpersonal Racism
a. Occurs between individuals.
b. Includes public expression of racial prejudice and hate made by individual's.
C. Institutional Racism,
a. Race based, discriminatory policies and treatment that are produced and perpetuated
by institutions (Schools, media, government, banks) that result in equitable opportunities
and impacts
b. Occurs within and between institutions
c. Includes the discriminatory actions of individuals exercising the authority of the
institution (e.g. A bank loan officer representing an institution, treating someone with
racial bias; A law enforcement institution treating someone with racial bias).
D. Structural Racism
a. Refers to the collective way history, culture and institutions reinforce and perpetuate
racialized outcomes, even in the absence of racial intent.
b. It is broadly encompassing; It touches on all aspects of society (e.g. history, politics,
economics) and is the foundation from which the other types of racism emerge.
c. Indicators include power inequalities, unequal access to opportunities and differing
outcomes by race, whether or not intentional.
Components of Biases - Correct Answer-A. Stereotypes
a. Generalization about the perceived "typical" characteristics of a social category.
b. We categorize people by age, gender, race and role.
c. Stereotypes do not necessarily have to have a negative connotation, as social
scientists point out that it is just a way for your brain to quickly sort people into
recognizable groups.
B. Prejudices
a. An often negative prejudgment based on characteristics such as race, age, etc that is
not necessarily reasonable or logical.
C. Attitude
a. Positive or negative feelings associated with individuals or groups: the tendency to
like or dislike, or to act favorably or unfavorably toward someone or something.
Biased Based Profiling and Criminal Profiling - Correct Answer-A. Bias Based Profiling,
racial profiling and illegal profiling have the same meaning and are used
interchangeably
