OPOTA 2025-2026 Latest Exam
Questions And Answers 100% Verified
Student Performance Objective (SPO): 1-1 - Answer A. Explains the relationship
between a Student Performance Objective and a test question
B. Explains the ultimate reason for law enforcement training
The Ultimate Reason for Law Enforcement Training 1-1 - Answer A. To be able to
protect life and property of yourself and the public.
A Peace Officers Main Goals 1-2 - Answer A. Enforce laws
B. Preserve peace
C. Prevent Crimes
D. Protect Civil Rights and liberties
E. provide Services
Considerations when exercising discretion - Answer A. Use sound judgement to
determine which laws are to be formally enforced.
B. Determine if there is a more constructive remedy to a situation without an arrest or
citation.
Prevention Patrol:
Deter crime
Interrupt a crime in progress
Position the officers to respond to emergency situations
Increase of feeling of security to citizens.
Incident Response:
Officers respond to minor situations
Typical dispositions include: Gathering information Directing parties to community
resources Restore order Complete reports
Emergency Response:
Takes precedence over all other calls
Less common than routine incident calls
Includes incidents. Criminal Investigation:
Process of discovering, collecting, preparing, identifying and presenting evidence to
determine what happened and who is responsible.
Investigations carried out by detectives
Responding officer secures and protects the scene
Detective should be able to pick up where the responding officer left off.
Factors Necessary for the commission of a Crime - Answer A. Desire (Most difficult
to change) The motivation behind the criminal behavior.
B. Victim the potential target criminals prefer an easy target that is unaware of
his/her surroundings or lacking proper security precautions.
C. Opportunity (easiest to change) Removing opportunity for crime with proper
security measures applied to the victim's environment D.O.V.
,Crime Prevention is About:
A. Attitude
B. Modifying Behavior
4 "D's" of Crime Prevention:
Deny
Delay
Detect
Deter
Core Concept of Community Policing - Answer A. A partnership between the police
and the community
B. Crime prevention
C. Organizational change of the agency
D. A problem solving approach to the police role that is proactive
"SARA" Model: A. Scanning
B. Analysis
C. Response
D. Assessment
Considerations for Off Duty Situations - Answer A. Behavior, a. An officer's behavior
is often scrutinized by the community even when not on duty b, not only does this
refer to physical and verbal actions, but also online activity on social media. c. An
officer is expected to uphold the law enforcement code of ethics.
B. Situational Awareness, a. An officer should make every effort to remain alert even
when not working. b. You never know when you may need to transition quickly from
private citizen to a peace officer. c. Make certain to pre-plan with your family should
a situation arise while together. d. Create a number of scenarios for your family to
practice. e. Familiarize yourself with your agency's off duty weapon policy. C. Be a
good witness, a. If a situation arises when police intervention is necessary.
Purpose of the Bill Of Rights - Answer A. To protect an individual's freedoms
B. To prevent the government from interfering in protected rights
Major Components of Criminal Justice System - Answer A. Law Enforcement (e.g.
Police Officer, Deputy Sheriff) a. Keep the peace b. Apprehend violators c. Prevent
crime d. Provide social services
B. Courts
a. Hold fair and impartial trials b. Determine guilt or innocence. c. Impose sentences
on the guilty. d. Key personnel include judges, prosecutors, and defense attorneys.
C. Corrections - Responsible for supervising offenders a. Prisons/County jails.
b. Parole.
c. Probation
d. Halfway houses
e. Work release programs.
Goals of Sentencing - Answer A. To punish the offender and in many cases,
rehabilitate the offender. B. Protect society. C. Restore the victim as much as
possible.
,The concept of lawful actions and police legitimacy - Answer A. Lawful: Defined by
laws and standards
B. Criminal Law: Identify what actions are prohibited
C. Rules of agency (Administrative rules, general orders, standard operating
procedures)
D. Constitutional law (4th, 5th and 6th)
E. Police Legitimacy: Exists when the public views the Police as authorized to
exercise power in order to maintain social order, manage conflicts and solve
problems in the community
F. Officers can act lawfully and in the parameters of agency policy and the citizenry
still not perceive there to be Police legitimacy - There can be lawful, but awful
interactions.
3 Resulting Judgments of Police Legitimacy in Action that Translate into Positive -
Answer A. Judgement 1
a. Public trust and confidence in the Police as being honest, trying to do the job well,
trying to protect the community.
b. Result - Individuals are more likely to become actively involved in Police
community partnerships.
B. Judgement 2
a. Public willingness to defer to the law and Police authority.
b. Result - There is a correlation between those who obey the laws and those who
view the police as legitimate; In addition to those who see the Police as legitimate
have an increased willingness to cooperate by reporting crimes and providing
valuable information known and suspected offenders.
C. Judgement 3
a. Public belief that Police actions are morally justified and appropriate.
b. Result - Citizens are more likely to cooperate and defer in moments of crisis.
Circumstances when Filming the Police is Permissible - Answer A. At least one party
to the encounter consents OR B. When officers are carrying out the the duties in
public, so long as it does not interfere with the officers carrying out their duties.
The Relationship between Race, Genetics and Physical Characteristics. - Answer A.
Race is a modern concept used to classify people by similar observable physical
characteristics.
B. It is not, as many people think, based on genetics.
C. Despite surface appearance, humans are one of the most genetically similar of all
species.
D. Within the human species, there is no distinct genetic profile that completely
distinguishes one so-called race from another.
E. This is because most genetically influenced traits like hair, skin, eye shape, blood
type, athleticism and intelligence are inherited completely independent from one
another.
The connection between between In-groups, Out and police legitimacy. - Answer A.
Some individuals interpret their encounters by Police in terms of their groups social
position rather than, or in addition to, the immediate circumstances of the Police
contact.
, Types of Racism - Answer A. Individual Racism, a. Internalized unexpressed biases
and prejudices based on race.
B. Interpersonal Racism
a. Occurs between individuals.
b. Includes public expression of racial prejudice and hate made by individual's.
C. Institutional Racism,
a. Race based, discriminatory policies and treatment that are produced and
perpetuated by institutions (Schools, media, government, banks) that result in
equitable opportunities and impacts
b. Occurs within and between institutions
c. Includes the discriminatory actions of individuals exercising the authority of the
institution (e.g. A bank loan officer representing an institution, treating someone with
racial bias; A law enforcement institution treating someone with racial bias).
D. Structural Racism
a. Refers to the collective way history, culture and institutions reinforce and
perpetuate racialized outcomes, even in the absence of racial intent.
b. It is broadly encompassing; It touches on all aspects of society (e.g. history,
politics, economics) and is the foundation from which the other types of racism
emerge.
c. Indicators include power inequalities, unequal access to opportunities and differing
outcomes by race, whether or not intentional.
Components of Biases - Answer A. Stereotypes
a. Generalization about the perceived "typical" characteristics of a social category.
b. We categorize people by age, gender, race and role.
c. Stereotypes do not necessarily have to have a negative connotation, as social
scientists point out that it is just a way for your brain to quickly sort people into
recognizable groups.
B. Prejudices
a. An often negative prejudgment based on characteristics such as race, age, etc
that is not necessarily reasonable or logical.
C. Attitude
a. Positive or negative feelings associated with individuals or groups: the tendency to
like or dislike, or to act favorably or unfavorably toward someone or something.
Biased Based Profiling and Criminal Profiling - Answer A. Bias Based Profiling, racial
profiling and illegal profiling have the same meaning and are used interchangeably
B. Bias Based Profiling
a. Is unequal treatment by a law enforcement officer or any person by stopping,
questioning, searching, detaining or arresting him/her on the basis of the person's
ethical or racial characteristics, gender, religion or sexual orientation
C. Criminal Profiling
a. Based on observed behaviors or characteristics
D. Biased Based Profiling a. The factors of race/ethnicity bias towards that race are
initiating factors for law enforcement intervention
Two types of bias - Answer A. Explicit bias and Implicit bias - common
characteristics a. Everyone possess them
b. They have real world effects on behavior
Questions And Answers 100% Verified
Student Performance Objective (SPO): 1-1 - Answer A. Explains the relationship
between a Student Performance Objective and a test question
B. Explains the ultimate reason for law enforcement training
The Ultimate Reason for Law Enforcement Training 1-1 - Answer A. To be able to
protect life and property of yourself and the public.
A Peace Officers Main Goals 1-2 - Answer A. Enforce laws
B. Preserve peace
C. Prevent Crimes
D. Protect Civil Rights and liberties
E. provide Services
Considerations when exercising discretion - Answer A. Use sound judgement to
determine which laws are to be formally enforced.
B. Determine if there is a more constructive remedy to a situation without an arrest or
citation.
Prevention Patrol:
Deter crime
Interrupt a crime in progress
Position the officers to respond to emergency situations
Increase of feeling of security to citizens.
Incident Response:
Officers respond to minor situations
Typical dispositions include: Gathering information Directing parties to community
resources Restore order Complete reports
Emergency Response:
Takes precedence over all other calls
Less common than routine incident calls
Includes incidents. Criminal Investigation:
Process of discovering, collecting, preparing, identifying and presenting evidence to
determine what happened and who is responsible.
Investigations carried out by detectives
Responding officer secures and protects the scene
Detective should be able to pick up where the responding officer left off.
Factors Necessary for the commission of a Crime - Answer A. Desire (Most difficult
to change) The motivation behind the criminal behavior.
B. Victim the potential target criminals prefer an easy target that is unaware of
his/her surroundings or lacking proper security precautions.
C. Opportunity (easiest to change) Removing opportunity for crime with proper
security measures applied to the victim's environment D.O.V.
,Crime Prevention is About:
A. Attitude
B. Modifying Behavior
4 "D's" of Crime Prevention:
Deny
Delay
Detect
Deter
Core Concept of Community Policing - Answer A. A partnership between the police
and the community
B. Crime prevention
C. Organizational change of the agency
D. A problem solving approach to the police role that is proactive
"SARA" Model: A. Scanning
B. Analysis
C. Response
D. Assessment
Considerations for Off Duty Situations - Answer A. Behavior, a. An officer's behavior
is often scrutinized by the community even when not on duty b, not only does this
refer to physical and verbal actions, but also online activity on social media. c. An
officer is expected to uphold the law enforcement code of ethics.
B. Situational Awareness, a. An officer should make every effort to remain alert even
when not working. b. You never know when you may need to transition quickly from
private citizen to a peace officer. c. Make certain to pre-plan with your family should
a situation arise while together. d. Create a number of scenarios for your family to
practice. e. Familiarize yourself with your agency's off duty weapon policy. C. Be a
good witness, a. If a situation arises when police intervention is necessary.
Purpose of the Bill Of Rights - Answer A. To protect an individual's freedoms
B. To prevent the government from interfering in protected rights
Major Components of Criminal Justice System - Answer A. Law Enforcement (e.g.
Police Officer, Deputy Sheriff) a. Keep the peace b. Apprehend violators c. Prevent
crime d. Provide social services
B. Courts
a. Hold fair and impartial trials b. Determine guilt or innocence. c. Impose sentences
on the guilty. d. Key personnel include judges, prosecutors, and defense attorneys.
C. Corrections - Responsible for supervising offenders a. Prisons/County jails.
b. Parole.
c. Probation
d. Halfway houses
e. Work release programs.
Goals of Sentencing - Answer A. To punish the offender and in many cases,
rehabilitate the offender. B. Protect society. C. Restore the victim as much as
possible.
,The concept of lawful actions and police legitimacy - Answer A. Lawful: Defined by
laws and standards
B. Criminal Law: Identify what actions are prohibited
C. Rules of agency (Administrative rules, general orders, standard operating
procedures)
D. Constitutional law (4th, 5th and 6th)
E. Police Legitimacy: Exists when the public views the Police as authorized to
exercise power in order to maintain social order, manage conflicts and solve
problems in the community
F. Officers can act lawfully and in the parameters of agency policy and the citizenry
still not perceive there to be Police legitimacy - There can be lawful, but awful
interactions.
3 Resulting Judgments of Police Legitimacy in Action that Translate into Positive -
Answer A. Judgement 1
a. Public trust and confidence in the Police as being honest, trying to do the job well,
trying to protect the community.
b. Result - Individuals are more likely to become actively involved in Police
community partnerships.
B. Judgement 2
a. Public willingness to defer to the law and Police authority.
b. Result - There is a correlation between those who obey the laws and those who
view the police as legitimate; In addition to those who see the Police as legitimate
have an increased willingness to cooperate by reporting crimes and providing
valuable information known and suspected offenders.
C. Judgement 3
a. Public belief that Police actions are morally justified and appropriate.
b. Result - Citizens are more likely to cooperate and defer in moments of crisis.
Circumstances when Filming the Police is Permissible - Answer A. At least one party
to the encounter consents OR B. When officers are carrying out the the duties in
public, so long as it does not interfere with the officers carrying out their duties.
The Relationship between Race, Genetics and Physical Characteristics. - Answer A.
Race is a modern concept used to classify people by similar observable physical
characteristics.
B. It is not, as many people think, based on genetics.
C. Despite surface appearance, humans are one of the most genetically similar of all
species.
D. Within the human species, there is no distinct genetic profile that completely
distinguishes one so-called race from another.
E. This is because most genetically influenced traits like hair, skin, eye shape, blood
type, athleticism and intelligence are inherited completely independent from one
another.
The connection between between In-groups, Out and police legitimacy. - Answer A.
Some individuals interpret their encounters by Police in terms of their groups social
position rather than, or in addition to, the immediate circumstances of the Police
contact.
, Types of Racism - Answer A. Individual Racism, a. Internalized unexpressed biases
and prejudices based on race.
B. Interpersonal Racism
a. Occurs between individuals.
b. Includes public expression of racial prejudice and hate made by individual's.
C. Institutional Racism,
a. Race based, discriminatory policies and treatment that are produced and
perpetuated by institutions (Schools, media, government, banks) that result in
equitable opportunities and impacts
b. Occurs within and between institutions
c. Includes the discriminatory actions of individuals exercising the authority of the
institution (e.g. A bank loan officer representing an institution, treating someone with
racial bias; A law enforcement institution treating someone with racial bias).
D. Structural Racism
a. Refers to the collective way history, culture and institutions reinforce and
perpetuate racialized outcomes, even in the absence of racial intent.
b. It is broadly encompassing; It touches on all aspects of society (e.g. history,
politics, economics) and is the foundation from which the other types of racism
emerge.
c. Indicators include power inequalities, unequal access to opportunities and differing
outcomes by race, whether or not intentional.
Components of Biases - Answer A. Stereotypes
a. Generalization about the perceived "typical" characteristics of a social category.
b. We categorize people by age, gender, race and role.
c. Stereotypes do not necessarily have to have a negative connotation, as social
scientists point out that it is just a way for your brain to quickly sort people into
recognizable groups.
B. Prejudices
a. An often negative prejudgment based on characteristics such as race, age, etc
that is not necessarily reasonable or logical.
C. Attitude
a. Positive or negative feelings associated with individuals or groups: the tendency to
like or dislike, or to act favorably or unfavorably toward someone or something.
Biased Based Profiling and Criminal Profiling - Answer A. Bias Based Profiling, racial
profiling and illegal profiling have the same meaning and are used interchangeably
B. Bias Based Profiling
a. Is unequal treatment by a law enforcement officer or any person by stopping,
questioning, searching, detaining or arresting him/her on the basis of the person's
ethical or racial characteristics, gender, religion or sexual orientation
C. Criminal Profiling
a. Based on observed behaviors or characteristics
D. Biased Based Profiling a. The factors of race/ethnicity bias towards that race are
initiating factors for law enforcement intervention
Two types of bias - Answer A. Explicit bias and Implicit bias - common
characteristics a. Everyone possess them
b. They have real world effects on behavior
