UNE CHEM 1011 LAB FINAL Exam
Questions And All Correct Answers.
solution - Answer consists of a solvent (dissolving medium) and one or more solutes; most of
its properties are dependent on the properties of the solute
Colligative properties - Answer properties of a solution that depend only on the number of
particles dissolved in it, not the properties of the particles themselves. The main ones are
boiling point elevation and freezing point depression.
Boiling point - Answer temperature where vapor pressure equals atoms on the liquid;
-elevated boiling points are related to: 1) # concentration of solute particles & 2) the nature of
the solvent
**solutions with non-volatile solutes have a decreased vapor pressure which means that an
increased temp is req'd to boil the solution than a pure solvent
how does solute affect freezing point - Answer the presence of the solute interferes with
formation of a solid as th evolutions cools; solution’s with non-volatile solutes have a decreased
freezing points than pure solvents
hypotonic solution - Answer if a cell is placed in a salt concentration in a solution lower than
that of the cell
-->the water will move from the solution into the cell and will expand
hypertonic solution - Answer the cell is placed in a solution of increased salt concentration and
the ewater will move from the inside of the cell to the solution and cell with shrink
osmotic pressure - Answer the pressure that must be applied to stop the movement of solvent
through the membrane
chemical kinetics - Answer a study of how quickly chemical reactions occur and the factors
that affect this speed
reaction rate - Answer speed of a chemical reaction; a measure of the change in reactant
concentrations over time
, differences in reaction rates that are independent vs dependent of concentration of reactant -
Answer ** if reaction rate is independent of concentration = the amount of reactant
consumed and time is LINEAR
** if the reaction rate is dependent of concentration of reactant, the relationship is curvilinear
rate law equation - Answer rate = k [A]^x [B]^y
** A & B = the concentrations of the reactants
** x & y = the order of the reaction
zero order - Answer rate is independent of the reactnat's concentration and DOES NOT appear
in rate law
first order - Answer will have an exponent of one; rate is directly proportional to any reactant
(if concentration of reactant incrases by two (doubles) the rate will ALSO double
second order - Answer appear in rate law as the concentration of the reactant squared; if
concentration of reactant is doubled, the rate will increase by a factor of 4
chemical system - Answer the reactants, products, and energy associated with a chemical
reaction
chemical equilibrium - Answer where the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the
reverse reaction; the concentrations of the reactants and products are CONSTANT
**dynamic equilibrium=ractions are stilll occurring even if reaction appears to have stopped
changed
**chem equilibrium occurs when free energy exist in the LOWEST possible vlaue
equilibrium constant - Answer the ratio of product concentrations to reactant concentrations
at equilibrium, with each concentration raised to a power equal to the number of moles of that
substance in the balanced chemical equation
Questions And All Correct Answers.
solution - Answer consists of a solvent (dissolving medium) and one or more solutes; most of
its properties are dependent on the properties of the solute
Colligative properties - Answer properties of a solution that depend only on the number of
particles dissolved in it, not the properties of the particles themselves. The main ones are
boiling point elevation and freezing point depression.
Boiling point - Answer temperature where vapor pressure equals atoms on the liquid;
-elevated boiling points are related to: 1) # concentration of solute particles & 2) the nature of
the solvent
**solutions with non-volatile solutes have a decreased vapor pressure which means that an
increased temp is req'd to boil the solution than a pure solvent
how does solute affect freezing point - Answer the presence of the solute interferes with
formation of a solid as th evolutions cools; solution’s with non-volatile solutes have a decreased
freezing points than pure solvents
hypotonic solution - Answer if a cell is placed in a salt concentration in a solution lower than
that of the cell
-->the water will move from the solution into the cell and will expand
hypertonic solution - Answer the cell is placed in a solution of increased salt concentration and
the ewater will move from the inside of the cell to the solution and cell with shrink
osmotic pressure - Answer the pressure that must be applied to stop the movement of solvent
through the membrane
chemical kinetics - Answer a study of how quickly chemical reactions occur and the factors
that affect this speed
reaction rate - Answer speed of a chemical reaction; a measure of the change in reactant
concentrations over time
, differences in reaction rates that are independent vs dependent of concentration of reactant -
Answer ** if reaction rate is independent of concentration = the amount of reactant
consumed and time is LINEAR
** if the reaction rate is dependent of concentration of reactant, the relationship is curvilinear
rate law equation - Answer rate = k [A]^x [B]^y
** A & B = the concentrations of the reactants
** x & y = the order of the reaction
zero order - Answer rate is independent of the reactnat's concentration and DOES NOT appear
in rate law
first order - Answer will have an exponent of one; rate is directly proportional to any reactant
(if concentration of reactant incrases by two (doubles) the rate will ALSO double
second order - Answer appear in rate law as the concentration of the reactant squared; if
concentration of reactant is doubled, the rate will increase by a factor of 4
chemical system - Answer the reactants, products, and energy associated with a chemical
reaction
chemical equilibrium - Answer where the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the
reverse reaction; the concentrations of the reactants and products are CONSTANT
**dynamic equilibrium=ractions are stilll occurring even if reaction appears to have stopped
changed
**chem equilibrium occurs when free energy exist in the LOWEST possible vlaue
equilibrium constant - Answer the ratio of product concentrations to reactant concentrations
at equilibrium, with each concentration raised to a power equal to the number of moles of that
substance in the balanced chemical equation
