HC2 Module 4 Questions and Answers
2025
The nurse is reviewing a client's chart and notes that the client has dysuria. To assess
whether there is any improvement, which of the following questions should the nurse ask?
a. "Do you have any blood in your urine?"
b. "Do you have to urinate very frequently?"
c. "Do you have any pain when you urinate?"
d. "Do you have to get up at night to urinate?" - correct answers ANS: C
Dysuria is painful urination. The alternate responses are used to assess other urinary tract
symptoms: hematuria, nocturia, and frequency.
A client's urine dipstick indicates a small amount of protein in the urine. Which of the
following actions should the nurse take next?
a. Check which medications the client is currently taking.
b. Obtain a clean-catch urine specimen for culture and sensitivity testing.
c. Ask the client about any family history of chronic renal failure.
d. Send a urine specimen to the laboratory to test for ketones and glucose. - correct
answers ANS: A
Normally the urinalysis will show zero to trace amounts of protein, but some medications
may give false-positive readings. The other actions by the nurse may be appropriate, but
checking for medications that may affect the dipstick accuracy should be done first
A creatinine clearance test is ordered for a hospitalized client with possible renal
insufficiency. Which of the following equipment will the nurse need to obtain?
a. Sterile specimen cup
b. Large container for urine
c. Foley catheter and drainage bag
d. Towelettes for perineal cleaning - correct answers ANS: B
,HC2 Module 4 Questions and Answers
2025
Since creatinine clearance testing involves a 24-hour urine specimen, the nurse should
obtain a large container for the urine collection. Catheterization, cleaning of the perineum
with antiseptic towelettes, and a sterile specimen cup are not needed for this test
The nurse is preparing to conduct an annual health and physical examination on a client
who is employed as a hairdresser and has a 10 pack-year history of cigarette smoking.
Which of the following conditions should the nurse plan to teach the client about the
increased risk for based upon the client history?
a. Renal failure
b. Kidney stones
c. Pyelonephritis
d. Bladder cancer - correct answers ANS: D
Exposure to the chemicals involved with working as a hairdresser and in smoking both
increase the risk of bladder cancer, and the nurse should assess whether the client
understands this risk. The client is not at increased risk for renal failure, pyelonephritis, or
kidney stones.
During assessment of a client with decreased renal function, which of the following
medications taken by the client at home is of most concern to the nurse?
a. Ibuprofen
b. Warfarin
c. Folic acid
d. Penicillin - correct answers ANS: A
The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are nephrotoxic and should be avoided
in clients with impaired renal function. The nurse also should ask about reasons the client
is taking the other medications, but the medication of most concern is the ibuprofen.
,HC2 Module 4 Questions and Answers
2025
The nurse is admitting an older-adult client with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Which of the
following actions should be included in the nursing plan of care?
a. Limit fluid intake to no more than 1 500 mL/day.
b. Leave a light on in the bathroom during the night.
c. Pad the client's bed to accommodate overflow incontinence.
d. Ask the client to use a urinal so that all urine can be measured. - correct answers ANS:
B
The client's age and diagnosis indicate a likelihood of nocturia, so leaving the light on in the
bathroom is appropriate. Fluids should be encouraged because dehydration is more
common in older clients. The information in the question does not indicate that
measurement of the client's output is necessary or that the client has overflow
incontinence.
The nurse is assessing a client's urinary system and is unable to palpate either kidney.
Which of the following actions should the nurse take next?
a. Obtain a urine specimen to check for hematuria.
b. Document the information on the assessment form.
c. Ask the client about any history of recent sore throat.
d. Ask the health care provider about scheduling a renal ultrasound. - correct answers
ANS: B
The kidneys are protected by the abdominal organs, ribs, and muscles of the back and may
not be palpable under normal circumstances, so no action except to document the
assessment information is needed. Asking about a recent sore throat, checking for
hematuria, or obtaining a renal ultrasound may be appropriate when assessing for renal
problems for some clients, but there is nothing in the question stem to indicate that they
are appropriate for this client.
Which of the following techniques should the nurse use to assess the flank area of a client
with pyelonephritis for tenderness?
, HC2 Module 4 Questions and Answers
2025
a. Push gently into the two lowest intercostal spaces.
b. Palpate along both sides of the lumbar vertebral column.
c. Position one hand flat at the costovertebral angle (CVA) and strike it with the other fist.
d. Use two fingers to percuss the area between the iliac crest and ribs along the midaxillary
line. - correct answers ANS: C
Checking for flank pain is best performed by percussion of the CVA and asking about pain.
The other techniques would not assess for flank pain.
The nurse is reviewing the result of a client's creatinine clearance test which is 60
mL/minute. Which of the following values is the client's glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in
mL/minute?
a. 30
b. 60
c. 120
d. 240 - correct answers ANS: B
The creatinine clearance approximates the GFR. The other responses are not accurate.
For which of the following purposes does the nurse use auscultation during assessment of
the urinary system?
a. Check for ureteral peristalsis.
b. Assess for bladder distension.
c. Identify renal artery or aortic bruits.
d. Determine the position of the kidneys. - correct answers ANS: C
The presence of a bruit may indicate problems such as renal artery tortuosity or abdominal
aortic aneurysm. Auscultation would not be helpful in assessing for the other listed urinary
tract information.
2025
The nurse is reviewing a client's chart and notes that the client has dysuria. To assess
whether there is any improvement, which of the following questions should the nurse ask?
a. "Do you have any blood in your urine?"
b. "Do you have to urinate very frequently?"
c. "Do you have any pain when you urinate?"
d. "Do you have to get up at night to urinate?" - correct answers ANS: C
Dysuria is painful urination. The alternate responses are used to assess other urinary tract
symptoms: hematuria, nocturia, and frequency.
A client's urine dipstick indicates a small amount of protein in the urine. Which of the
following actions should the nurse take next?
a. Check which medications the client is currently taking.
b. Obtain a clean-catch urine specimen for culture and sensitivity testing.
c. Ask the client about any family history of chronic renal failure.
d. Send a urine specimen to the laboratory to test for ketones and glucose. - correct
answers ANS: A
Normally the urinalysis will show zero to trace amounts of protein, but some medications
may give false-positive readings. The other actions by the nurse may be appropriate, but
checking for medications that may affect the dipstick accuracy should be done first
A creatinine clearance test is ordered for a hospitalized client with possible renal
insufficiency. Which of the following equipment will the nurse need to obtain?
a. Sterile specimen cup
b. Large container for urine
c. Foley catheter and drainage bag
d. Towelettes for perineal cleaning - correct answers ANS: B
,HC2 Module 4 Questions and Answers
2025
Since creatinine clearance testing involves a 24-hour urine specimen, the nurse should
obtain a large container for the urine collection. Catheterization, cleaning of the perineum
with antiseptic towelettes, and a sterile specimen cup are not needed for this test
The nurse is preparing to conduct an annual health and physical examination on a client
who is employed as a hairdresser and has a 10 pack-year history of cigarette smoking.
Which of the following conditions should the nurse plan to teach the client about the
increased risk for based upon the client history?
a. Renal failure
b. Kidney stones
c. Pyelonephritis
d. Bladder cancer - correct answers ANS: D
Exposure to the chemicals involved with working as a hairdresser and in smoking both
increase the risk of bladder cancer, and the nurse should assess whether the client
understands this risk. The client is not at increased risk for renal failure, pyelonephritis, or
kidney stones.
During assessment of a client with decreased renal function, which of the following
medications taken by the client at home is of most concern to the nurse?
a. Ibuprofen
b. Warfarin
c. Folic acid
d. Penicillin - correct answers ANS: A
The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are nephrotoxic and should be avoided
in clients with impaired renal function. The nurse also should ask about reasons the client
is taking the other medications, but the medication of most concern is the ibuprofen.
,HC2 Module 4 Questions and Answers
2025
The nurse is admitting an older-adult client with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Which of the
following actions should be included in the nursing plan of care?
a. Limit fluid intake to no more than 1 500 mL/day.
b. Leave a light on in the bathroom during the night.
c. Pad the client's bed to accommodate overflow incontinence.
d. Ask the client to use a urinal so that all urine can be measured. - correct answers ANS:
B
The client's age and diagnosis indicate a likelihood of nocturia, so leaving the light on in the
bathroom is appropriate. Fluids should be encouraged because dehydration is more
common in older clients. The information in the question does not indicate that
measurement of the client's output is necessary or that the client has overflow
incontinence.
The nurse is assessing a client's urinary system and is unable to palpate either kidney.
Which of the following actions should the nurse take next?
a. Obtain a urine specimen to check for hematuria.
b. Document the information on the assessment form.
c. Ask the client about any history of recent sore throat.
d. Ask the health care provider about scheduling a renal ultrasound. - correct answers
ANS: B
The kidneys are protected by the abdominal organs, ribs, and muscles of the back and may
not be palpable under normal circumstances, so no action except to document the
assessment information is needed. Asking about a recent sore throat, checking for
hematuria, or obtaining a renal ultrasound may be appropriate when assessing for renal
problems for some clients, but there is nothing in the question stem to indicate that they
are appropriate for this client.
Which of the following techniques should the nurse use to assess the flank area of a client
with pyelonephritis for tenderness?
, HC2 Module 4 Questions and Answers
2025
a. Push gently into the two lowest intercostal spaces.
b. Palpate along both sides of the lumbar vertebral column.
c. Position one hand flat at the costovertebral angle (CVA) and strike it with the other fist.
d. Use two fingers to percuss the area between the iliac crest and ribs along the midaxillary
line. - correct answers ANS: C
Checking for flank pain is best performed by percussion of the CVA and asking about pain.
The other techniques would not assess for flank pain.
The nurse is reviewing the result of a client's creatinine clearance test which is 60
mL/minute. Which of the following values is the client's glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in
mL/minute?
a. 30
b. 60
c. 120
d. 240 - correct answers ANS: B
The creatinine clearance approximates the GFR. The other responses are not accurate.
For which of the following purposes does the nurse use auscultation during assessment of
the urinary system?
a. Check for ureteral peristalsis.
b. Assess for bladder distension.
c. Identify renal artery or aortic bruits.
d. Determine the position of the kidneys. - correct answers ANS: C
The presence of a bruit may indicate problems such as renal artery tortuosity or abdominal
aortic aneurysm. Auscultation would not be helpful in assessing for the other listed urinary
tract information.
