TEST BANK for Human Learning
8th Edition Ormrod,CHAPTER 1 - 15
, CHAPTER451
PERSPECTIVES45ON45LEARNING
Multiple45Choice45Questions
Human45beings45undoubtedly45learn45more45during45the45course45of45a45life
time45than45any45other45species45on45earth.45The45major45result45of45this45cap
acity45to45learn45is45that:
New45instincts45begin45to45emerge.
Human45thought45becomes45less45logical45with45each45generati
on.45Humans45can45benefit45from45their45experiences.
Humans45are45the45only45species45whose45behavior45cannot45be45analy
zed45in45terms45of45stimuli45and45responses.
Three45of45the45following45are45examples45of45learning.45Which45one45is45not?
Abigail45cries45when45she45steps45on45a45sharp45pebble.
After45many45hours45of45heated45debate,45Brian45begins45to45ad
vocate45political45practices45he45has45previously45opposed.
Cara45suddenly45recognizes45how45the45division45fact45―2445’45445=456
‖45is45related45to45the45multiplication45fact45―645x45445=4524.‖
David45has45been45running45away45from45German45shepherds45ever45si
nce45he45was45bitten45by45a45German45shepherd45two45years45ago.
Reynelda45has45trouble45tracing45a45complex45shape45with45a45pencil45when4
5she45is45in45kindergarten,45but45she45can45do45it45quite45well45by45the45time45she
45is45in45second45grade.45Is45this45an45instance45of45learning?
Yes,45because45her45behavior45has45changed.
No,45because45the45circumstances45are45too45dissimilar.
Maybe,45although45the45change45may45simply45be45due45to45ph
ysiological45maturation.
Maybe,45but45only45if45she45is45being45reinforced45for45tracing45accurately.
2
, Chapter45145–
45Perspectives45on45Learning
Three45vof45vthe45vfollowing45villustrate45vvarious45vways45vthat45vlearning45vmight4 5 v4 5 be
vreflected45vin45va45vperson‘s45vbehavior.45vWhich45vone45vof45vthe45vfollowing45
vchanges45vdoes45vnot45vnecessarily45vreflect45vlearning?
Although45vit‘s45va45vschool45vnight,45vDean45vplays45vvideo45vgames45vun
til45vwell45vpast45vhisvusual45vbedtime.45vAs45vhe45vbecomes45vmore45vtir
ed,45vhe45vfinds45vit45vincreasingly45vdifficult45vto45vconcentrate45von45v
what45vhe‘s45vdoing.
Even45vas45va45vyoung45vchild,45vJerry45vcould45vtell45vyou45vthat45vhi
s45vgrandparents45vimmigrated45vto45vthe45vUnited45vStates45vfrom45vI
reland.45vBut45vafter45va45vconversation45vwith45vhis45vgrandmother,45v
he45vcan45vnow45vdescribe45vthe45vcircumstances45vof45vthe45vfamily‘
s45vimmigration45vin45vconsiderable45vdetail.
Day4 5 vafter4 5 vday,4 5 vMartin4 5 vpractices4 5 vhis4 5 vbasketball4 5 vskills4 5 v4 5 (shooting,
vdribbling,45vetc.)45von45va45vbasketball45vcourt45vat45va45vlocal45vpark.45v
With45veach45vpractice45vsession,45vhis45vmovements45vbecome45vfaster45
vand45vsmoother.
Lewis45voccasionally45vasks45vfor45vhelp45vwhen45vhe45vhas45vdifficulty45vwi
th45vhis45vclasswork,45vbut45vmost45vof45vthe45vtime45vhe45vjust45vstruggles45v
quietly45von45vhis45vown.45vAfter45vhis45vteacher45vassures45vhim45vthat45vask
ing45vfor45vhelp45vis45vnot45va45vsign45vof45vweakness45vor45vinability,45vhe45
vbegins45vasking45vfor45vhelp45vmuch45vmore45vfrequently.
v
research45vexamines45vlearning45vin45vtightly45vcontrolled45vsettings45van
d45v research45vexamines45vlearning45vin45vreal-world45vsettings.
Applied;45vBasic45vB
asic;45vQualitative45v
Qualitative;45vApplie
dvBasic;45vApplied
A45vprinciple45vof45vlearning45vcan45vbest45vbe45vcharacterized45vas:
A45vdescription45vof45vthe45vresults45vof45va45vparticular45vresearch45vstudy
A45vstatement45vthat45vdescribes45vhow45va45vparticular45vfactor45vaffects45vl
earning45The45vmeasurement45vof45vhow45vmuch45vlearning45vhas45voccur
red
vin45vavparticular45vsituation
An45vexplanation45vof45vthe45vunderlying45vprocesses45vthrough45vwhich45vlearning45voccurs
A45vtheory45vof45vlearning45vcan45vbest45vbe45vcharacterized45vas:
A45vdescription45vof45vthe45vresults45vof45va45vparticular45vresearch45vstudy
A45vstatement45vthat45vdescribes45vhow45va45vparticular45vfactor45vaffects45vl
earning45The45vmeasurement45vof45vhow45vmuch45vlearning45vhas45voccur
red
vin45vavparticular45vsituation
3
, Chapter45145–
An45vexplanation45vof45vthe45vunderlying45vprocesses 45vthrough
45Perspectives 45on4545vwhich45vlearning45voccurs
Learning
4
8th Edition Ormrod,CHAPTER 1 - 15
, CHAPTER451
PERSPECTIVES45ON45LEARNING
Multiple45Choice45Questions
Human45beings45undoubtedly45learn45more45during45the45course45of45a45life
time45than45any45other45species45on45earth.45The45major45result45of45this45cap
acity45to45learn45is45that:
New45instincts45begin45to45emerge.
Human45thought45becomes45less45logical45with45each45generati
on.45Humans45can45benefit45from45their45experiences.
Humans45are45the45only45species45whose45behavior45cannot45be45analy
zed45in45terms45of45stimuli45and45responses.
Three45of45the45following45are45examples45of45learning.45Which45one45is45not?
Abigail45cries45when45she45steps45on45a45sharp45pebble.
After45many45hours45of45heated45debate,45Brian45begins45to45ad
vocate45political45practices45he45has45previously45opposed.
Cara45suddenly45recognizes45how45the45division45fact45―2445’45445=456
‖45is45related45to45the45multiplication45fact45―645x45445=4524.‖
David45has45been45running45away45from45German45shepherds45ever45si
nce45he45was45bitten45by45a45German45shepherd45two45years45ago.
Reynelda45has45trouble45tracing45a45complex45shape45with45a45pencil45when4
5she45is45in45kindergarten,45but45she45can45do45it45quite45well45by45the45time45she
45is45in45second45grade.45Is45this45an45instance45of45learning?
Yes,45because45her45behavior45has45changed.
No,45because45the45circumstances45are45too45dissimilar.
Maybe,45although45the45change45may45simply45be45due45to45ph
ysiological45maturation.
Maybe,45but45only45if45she45is45being45reinforced45for45tracing45accurately.
2
, Chapter45145–
45Perspectives45on45Learning
Three45vof45vthe45vfollowing45villustrate45vvarious45vways45vthat45vlearning45vmight4 5 v4 5 be
vreflected45vin45va45vperson‘s45vbehavior.45vWhich45vone45vof45vthe45vfollowing45
vchanges45vdoes45vnot45vnecessarily45vreflect45vlearning?
Although45vit‘s45va45vschool45vnight,45vDean45vplays45vvideo45vgames45vun
til45vwell45vpast45vhisvusual45vbedtime.45vAs45vhe45vbecomes45vmore45vtir
ed,45vhe45vfinds45vit45vincreasingly45vdifficult45vto45vconcentrate45von45v
what45vhe‘s45vdoing.
Even45vas45va45vyoung45vchild,45vJerry45vcould45vtell45vyou45vthat45vhi
s45vgrandparents45vimmigrated45vto45vthe45vUnited45vStates45vfrom45vI
reland.45vBut45vafter45va45vconversation45vwith45vhis45vgrandmother,45v
he45vcan45vnow45vdescribe45vthe45vcircumstances45vof45vthe45vfamily‘
s45vimmigration45vin45vconsiderable45vdetail.
Day4 5 vafter4 5 vday,4 5 vMartin4 5 vpractices4 5 vhis4 5 vbasketball4 5 vskills4 5 v4 5 (shooting,
vdribbling,45vetc.)45von45va45vbasketball45vcourt45vat45va45vlocal45vpark.45v
With45veach45vpractice45vsession,45vhis45vmovements45vbecome45vfaster45
vand45vsmoother.
Lewis45voccasionally45vasks45vfor45vhelp45vwhen45vhe45vhas45vdifficulty45vwi
th45vhis45vclasswork,45vbut45vmost45vof45vthe45vtime45vhe45vjust45vstruggles45v
quietly45von45vhis45vown.45vAfter45vhis45vteacher45vassures45vhim45vthat45vask
ing45vfor45vhelp45vis45vnot45va45vsign45vof45vweakness45vor45vinability,45vhe45
vbegins45vasking45vfor45vhelp45vmuch45vmore45vfrequently.
v
research45vexamines45vlearning45vin45vtightly45vcontrolled45vsettings45van
d45v research45vexamines45vlearning45vin45vreal-world45vsettings.
Applied;45vBasic45vB
asic;45vQualitative45v
Qualitative;45vApplie
dvBasic;45vApplied
A45vprinciple45vof45vlearning45vcan45vbest45vbe45vcharacterized45vas:
A45vdescription45vof45vthe45vresults45vof45va45vparticular45vresearch45vstudy
A45vstatement45vthat45vdescribes45vhow45va45vparticular45vfactor45vaffects45vl
earning45The45vmeasurement45vof45vhow45vmuch45vlearning45vhas45voccur
red
vin45vavparticular45vsituation
An45vexplanation45vof45vthe45vunderlying45vprocesses45vthrough45vwhich45vlearning45voccurs
A45vtheory45vof45vlearning45vcan45vbest45vbe45vcharacterized45vas:
A45vdescription45vof45vthe45vresults45vof45va45vparticular45vresearch45vstudy
A45vstatement45vthat45vdescribes45vhow45va45vparticular45vfactor45vaffects45vl
earning45The45vmeasurement45vof45vhow45vmuch45vlearning45vhas45voccur
red
vin45vavparticular45vsituation
3
, Chapter45145–
An45vexplanation45vof45vthe45vunderlying45vprocesses 45vthrough
45Perspectives 45on4545vwhich45vlearning45voccurs
Learning
4
