TEST BANK COGNITION EXPLORING THE SCIENCE OF THE MIND 7TH EDITION CHAPTERS 1-14 WITH ALL
ANSWERS CORRECT A+
,CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: THE SCIENCE OF THE MIND............................................................ 3
CHAPTER 2 THE NEURAL BASIS FOR COGNITION ............................................. 22
CHAPTER 3 VISUAL PERCEPTION ..................................................................... 50
CHAPTER 4 RECOGNIZING OBJECTS................................................................. 76
CHAPTER 5 PAYING ATTENTION.................................................................... 103
CHAPTER 6 THE ACQUISITION OF MEMORIES AND THE WORKING- MEMORY
SYSTEM 126
CHAPTER 7 INTERCONNECTIONS BETWEEN ACQUISITION AND RE- TRIEVAL . 153
CHAPTER 8 REMEMBERING COMPLEX EVENTS.............................................. 176
CHAPTER 9 CONCEPTS AND GENERIC KNOWLEDGE....................................... 201
CHAPTER 10 LANGUAGE .............................................................................. 220
CHAPTER 11 VISUAL KNOWLEDGE ............................................................... 248
CHAPTER 12 JUDGMENT AND REASONING .................................................. 273
CHAPTER 13 PROBLEM SOLVING AND INTELLIGENCE ................................... 300
CHAPTER 14 CONSCIOUS THOUGHT, UNCONSCIOUS THOUGHT ................... 325
,CHAPTER 1: THE SCIENCE OF THE MIND
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1.1. DESCRIBE THE SCOPE AND GOALS OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY.
1.2. UNDERSTAND THE CASE OF H.M., AND THE MANY WAYS THAT MEMORY INFLUENCES OUR LIVES.
1.3. DESCRIBE THE LIMITATIONS OF INTROSPECTION AS A METHOD FOR SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY.
1.4. COMPARE AND CONTRAST CLASSICAL (WATSONIAN) BEHAVIOURISM AND COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY.
1.5. KANT’S “TRANSCENDENTAL METHOD” IS SOMETIMES CALLED “INFERENCE TO BEST EXPLANATION.”
EXPLAIN
THIS METHOD AND HOW IT WORKS.
1.6. DESCRIBE THE ROLE, IN THE EMERGENCE OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, THAT WAS PLAYED
BY COMPUTER SCIENCE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF “COMPUTER INTELLIGENCE.”
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING TOPICS IS NOT COMMONLY STUDIED WITHIN COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY?
a. ANGER MANAGEMENT
b. DECISION MAKING
,c. MEMORY
d. ATTENTION
ANS:A DIF: EASY REF: THE SCOPE OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY OBJ: 1.1 MSC: UNDERSTANDING
2. COGNITIVE PROCESSES ARE NOT NECESSARY FOR WHICH DAILY ACTIVITY?
a. READING A NEWSPAPER
b. STUDYING FOR A TEST
c. TALKING ON THE PHONE
d. BREATHING
ANS:D DIF: EASY REF: THE SCOPE OF COGNITIVE
PSYCHOLOGY OBJ: 1.1 MSC: APPLYING
3. ALYSSA WANTS TO BE A PSYCHOLOGIST BUT IS UNSURE WHICH TOPIC WITHIN PSYCHOLOGY
MOST INTERESTS HER. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING TOPICS WOULD BE LEAST LIKELY TO LEAD HER
INTO COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY?
a. AMNESIA
b. LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
c. LYME DISEASE
d. PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGIES
ANS:C DIF: EASY REF: THE SCOPE OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY OBJ: 1.1 MSC: APPLYING
4. CONSIDER THE SEQUENCE “BETSY WANTED TO BRING JACOB A PRESENT. SHE SHOOK HER PIGGY
BANK.” MOST PEOPLE, AFTER HEARING THIS SEQUENCE, BELIEVE BETSY WAS CHECKING HER PIGGY
BANK TO SEE IF SHE HAD MONEY TO SPEND ON THE GIFT. THIS INFERENCE ABOUT BETSY’S GOALS
DEPENDS ON THE FACT THAT
a. OUR PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE FILLS IN BACKGROUND INFORMATION WHENEVER WE’RE
UNDERSTANDING AN EVENT
OR CONVERSATION.
,b. READERS ARE LIKELY TO KNOW SOMEONE NAMED JACOB.
c. ENGLISH, UNLIKE OTHER LANGUAGES, REQUIRES SPEAKERS TO MENTION ALL OF THE
PEOPLE INVOLVED IN AN EVENT.
d. THE INDIVIDUAL SENTENCES ARE SHORT.
ANS:A DIF: EASY REF: THE BROAD ROLE FOR MEMORY OBJ: 1.1 MSC: UNDERSTANDING
5. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS IS LEAST LIKELY TO APPLY TO PATIENT H.M.?
a. “HE CANNOT REMEMBER WHAT HE DID EARLIER TODAY, INCLUDING EVENTS THAT TOOK
PLACE JUST AN HOUR AGO.”
b. “HE READ THIS STORY LAST MONTH, BUT HE WAS STILL SURPRISED BY HOW THE STORY TURNED
OUT.”
c. “EVEN THOUGH HE HAS ENCOUNTERED THE NURSE MANY TIMES, HE IS STILL UNABLE TO
RECOGNIZE HER.”
d. “HE REMEMBERED THAT IT WAS ONLY A WEEK AGO THAT HE’D HEARD THE SAD NEWS THAT
HIS UNCLE HAD DIED.”
ANS:D DIF: MODERATE REF: AMNESIA AND MEMORY LOSS OBJ: 1.2 MSC: APPLYING
6. RESEARCH WITH H.M. PROVIDES AN ILLUSTRATION FOR WHICH MAJOR THEME OF THE CHAPTER?
a. INTROSPECTION IS AN IMPORTANT RESEARCH TOOL FOR COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGISTS.
b. COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY CAN HELP US UNDERSTAND A WIDE RANGE OF ACTIVITIES THAT DEPEND
ON
SOMEONE’S ABILITY TO REMEMBER.
c. MEMORY IS NOT VERY IMPORTANT.
d. THE DISRUPTION CAUSED BY BRAIN DAMAGE DEPENDS ON HOW WIDESPREAD THE DAMAGE
IS, AND NOT ON THE SPECIFIC SITES THAT ARE DAMAGED.
ANS: B DIF: MODERATE REF: THE SCOPE OF COGNITIVE
PSYCHOLOGY OBJ: 1.2 MSC: EVALUATING
7. PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM CLINICAL AMNESIA ARE CHARACTERIZED BY
a. MEMORY DYSFUNCTION.
, b. AN INABILITY TO RECOGNIZE PATTERNS.
c. INARTICULATE SPEECH.
d. IMPAIRED LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION.
ANS:A DIF: EASY REF: AMNESIA AND MEMORY LOSS OBJ: 1.2 MSC: REMEMBERING
8. THE TERM “INTROSPECTION” REFERS TO THE
a. PROCESS BY WHICH ONE INDIVIDUAL SEEKS TO INFER THE THOUGHTS OF ANOTHER INDIVIDUAL.
b. PROCEDURE OF EXAMINING THOUGHT PROCESSING BY MONITORING THE BRAIN’S ELECTRICAL
ACTIVITY.
c. PROCESS OF EACH PERSON LOOKING WITHIN, TO OBSERVE HIS OR HER OWN THOUGHTS AND IDEAS.
d. TECHNIQUE OF STUDYING THOUGHT BY INTERPRETING THE SYMBOLS USED IN COMMUNICATION.
ANS:C DIF: EASY REF: THE LIMITS OF INTROSPECTION OBJ: 1.3 MSC: REMEMBERING
9. A PARTICIPANT IS ASKED TO LOOK WITHIN HIMSELF OR HERSELF AND REPORT ON HIS OR
HER OWN MENTAL PROCESSES. THIS METHOD
IS CALLED
a. LOGICAL INFERENCE.
b. RECONSTRUCTION.
c. INTROSPECTION. D.
ANS:C DIF: EASY REF: THE LIMITS OF INTROSPECTION OBJ: 1.3 MSC: REMEMBERING
10. OF THE FOLLOWING, INTROSPECTION IS LEAST USEFUL FOR STUDYING
a. TOPICS THAT ARE STRONGLY COLORED BY EMOTION.
b. MENTAL EVENTS THAT ARE UNCONSCIOUS.
c. PROCESSES THAT INVOLVE CONCEPTUAL KNOWLEDGE.
d. EVENTS THAT TAKE A LONG TIME TO UNFOLD.
ANSWERS CORRECT A+
,CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: THE SCIENCE OF THE MIND............................................................ 3
CHAPTER 2 THE NEURAL BASIS FOR COGNITION ............................................. 22
CHAPTER 3 VISUAL PERCEPTION ..................................................................... 50
CHAPTER 4 RECOGNIZING OBJECTS................................................................. 76
CHAPTER 5 PAYING ATTENTION.................................................................... 103
CHAPTER 6 THE ACQUISITION OF MEMORIES AND THE WORKING- MEMORY
SYSTEM 126
CHAPTER 7 INTERCONNECTIONS BETWEEN ACQUISITION AND RE- TRIEVAL . 153
CHAPTER 8 REMEMBERING COMPLEX EVENTS.............................................. 176
CHAPTER 9 CONCEPTS AND GENERIC KNOWLEDGE....................................... 201
CHAPTER 10 LANGUAGE .............................................................................. 220
CHAPTER 11 VISUAL KNOWLEDGE ............................................................... 248
CHAPTER 12 JUDGMENT AND REASONING .................................................. 273
CHAPTER 13 PROBLEM SOLVING AND INTELLIGENCE ................................... 300
CHAPTER 14 CONSCIOUS THOUGHT, UNCONSCIOUS THOUGHT ................... 325
,CHAPTER 1: THE SCIENCE OF THE MIND
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1.1. DESCRIBE THE SCOPE AND GOALS OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY.
1.2. UNDERSTAND THE CASE OF H.M., AND THE MANY WAYS THAT MEMORY INFLUENCES OUR LIVES.
1.3. DESCRIBE THE LIMITATIONS OF INTROSPECTION AS A METHOD FOR SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY.
1.4. COMPARE AND CONTRAST CLASSICAL (WATSONIAN) BEHAVIOURISM AND COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY.
1.5. KANT’S “TRANSCENDENTAL METHOD” IS SOMETIMES CALLED “INFERENCE TO BEST EXPLANATION.”
EXPLAIN
THIS METHOD AND HOW IT WORKS.
1.6. DESCRIBE THE ROLE, IN THE EMERGENCE OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, THAT WAS PLAYED
BY COMPUTER SCIENCE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF “COMPUTER INTELLIGENCE.”
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING TOPICS IS NOT COMMONLY STUDIED WITHIN COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY?
a. ANGER MANAGEMENT
b. DECISION MAKING
,c. MEMORY
d. ATTENTION
ANS:A DIF: EASY REF: THE SCOPE OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY OBJ: 1.1 MSC: UNDERSTANDING
2. COGNITIVE PROCESSES ARE NOT NECESSARY FOR WHICH DAILY ACTIVITY?
a. READING A NEWSPAPER
b. STUDYING FOR A TEST
c. TALKING ON THE PHONE
d. BREATHING
ANS:D DIF: EASY REF: THE SCOPE OF COGNITIVE
PSYCHOLOGY OBJ: 1.1 MSC: APPLYING
3. ALYSSA WANTS TO BE A PSYCHOLOGIST BUT IS UNSURE WHICH TOPIC WITHIN PSYCHOLOGY
MOST INTERESTS HER. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING TOPICS WOULD BE LEAST LIKELY TO LEAD HER
INTO COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY?
a. AMNESIA
b. LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
c. LYME DISEASE
d. PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGIES
ANS:C DIF: EASY REF: THE SCOPE OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY OBJ: 1.1 MSC: APPLYING
4. CONSIDER THE SEQUENCE “BETSY WANTED TO BRING JACOB A PRESENT. SHE SHOOK HER PIGGY
BANK.” MOST PEOPLE, AFTER HEARING THIS SEQUENCE, BELIEVE BETSY WAS CHECKING HER PIGGY
BANK TO SEE IF SHE HAD MONEY TO SPEND ON THE GIFT. THIS INFERENCE ABOUT BETSY’S GOALS
DEPENDS ON THE FACT THAT
a. OUR PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE FILLS IN BACKGROUND INFORMATION WHENEVER WE’RE
UNDERSTANDING AN EVENT
OR CONVERSATION.
,b. READERS ARE LIKELY TO KNOW SOMEONE NAMED JACOB.
c. ENGLISH, UNLIKE OTHER LANGUAGES, REQUIRES SPEAKERS TO MENTION ALL OF THE
PEOPLE INVOLVED IN AN EVENT.
d. THE INDIVIDUAL SENTENCES ARE SHORT.
ANS:A DIF: EASY REF: THE BROAD ROLE FOR MEMORY OBJ: 1.1 MSC: UNDERSTANDING
5. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS IS LEAST LIKELY TO APPLY TO PATIENT H.M.?
a. “HE CANNOT REMEMBER WHAT HE DID EARLIER TODAY, INCLUDING EVENTS THAT TOOK
PLACE JUST AN HOUR AGO.”
b. “HE READ THIS STORY LAST MONTH, BUT HE WAS STILL SURPRISED BY HOW THE STORY TURNED
OUT.”
c. “EVEN THOUGH HE HAS ENCOUNTERED THE NURSE MANY TIMES, HE IS STILL UNABLE TO
RECOGNIZE HER.”
d. “HE REMEMBERED THAT IT WAS ONLY A WEEK AGO THAT HE’D HEARD THE SAD NEWS THAT
HIS UNCLE HAD DIED.”
ANS:D DIF: MODERATE REF: AMNESIA AND MEMORY LOSS OBJ: 1.2 MSC: APPLYING
6. RESEARCH WITH H.M. PROVIDES AN ILLUSTRATION FOR WHICH MAJOR THEME OF THE CHAPTER?
a. INTROSPECTION IS AN IMPORTANT RESEARCH TOOL FOR COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGISTS.
b. COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY CAN HELP US UNDERSTAND A WIDE RANGE OF ACTIVITIES THAT DEPEND
ON
SOMEONE’S ABILITY TO REMEMBER.
c. MEMORY IS NOT VERY IMPORTANT.
d. THE DISRUPTION CAUSED BY BRAIN DAMAGE DEPENDS ON HOW WIDESPREAD THE DAMAGE
IS, AND NOT ON THE SPECIFIC SITES THAT ARE DAMAGED.
ANS: B DIF: MODERATE REF: THE SCOPE OF COGNITIVE
PSYCHOLOGY OBJ: 1.2 MSC: EVALUATING
7. PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM CLINICAL AMNESIA ARE CHARACTERIZED BY
a. MEMORY DYSFUNCTION.
, b. AN INABILITY TO RECOGNIZE PATTERNS.
c. INARTICULATE SPEECH.
d. IMPAIRED LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION.
ANS:A DIF: EASY REF: AMNESIA AND MEMORY LOSS OBJ: 1.2 MSC: REMEMBERING
8. THE TERM “INTROSPECTION” REFERS TO THE
a. PROCESS BY WHICH ONE INDIVIDUAL SEEKS TO INFER THE THOUGHTS OF ANOTHER INDIVIDUAL.
b. PROCEDURE OF EXAMINING THOUGHT PROCESSING BY MONITORING THE BRAIN’S ELECTRICAL
ACTIVITY.
c. PROCESS OF EACH PERSON LOOKING WITHIN, TO OBSERVE HIS OR HER OWN THOUGHTS AND IDEAS.
d. TECHNIQUE OF STUDYING THOUGHT BY INTERPRETING THE SYMBOLS USED IN COMMUNICATION.
ANS:C DIF: EASY REF: THE LIMITS OF INTROSPECTION OBJ: 1.3 MSC: REMEMBERING
9. A PARTICIPANT IS ASKED TO LOOK WITHIN HIMSELF OR HERSELF AND REPORT ON HIS OR
HER OWN MENTAL PROCESSES. THIS METHOD
IS CALLED
a. LOGICAL INFERENCE.
b. RECONSTRUCTION.
c. INTROSPECTION. D.
ANS:C DIF: EASY REF: THE LIMITS OF INTROSPECTION OBJ: 1.3 MSC: REMEMBERING
10. OF THE FOLLOWING, INTROSPECTION IS LEAST USEFUL FOR STUDYING
a. TOPICS THAT ARE STRONGLY COLORED BY EMOTION.
b. MENTAL EVENTS THAT ARE UNCONSCIOUS.
c. PROCESSES THAT INVOLVE CONCEPTUAL KNOWLEDGE.
d. EVENTS THAT TAKE A LONG TIME TO UNFOLD.
