Test Bank Philosophies andTheories for
Advanced Nursing practice 3rd edition Butts
Chapter 1 – Philosophy of Science: An Introduction
1. Why are natural sciences also referred to as ―pure‖ sciences?
A. They are considered stand-alone bodies of unique knowledge.
B. They are the only sciences to which the scientific method can be applied.
C. They are the original sciences upon which all others are based.
D. They are not affected by subjectivity in the way other sciences are.
Ans: A
2. Which is not an example of an applied science as used in health care today?
A. Social work
B. Psychotherapy
C. Examination of care disparities
D. Pathology
Ans: D
3. Roberta firmly believes that individual experiences are the source of all knowledge in the
world. As a scientist, she acknowledges her role as a participant in the experiments she
performs and does consider herself merely a disconnected observer of phenomenon.
Roberta’s views are most closTeE
lySreTfB
leA
ctN
ivKe SoE
fwLhLiE
chRs.chCoOolMof scientific thought?
A. Natural Science
B. Human Science
C. Applied Science
D. Soft Science
Ans: B
4. What is the ultimate goal of the scientific method?
A. Application of scientific results to a related body of knowledge in order to meet some
type of human need.
B. Examination of the decisions made by a scientist to understand the ways in which
subjectivity was introduced to the experiment.
C. Reproducible experimental results that do not take researcher individuality into account.
D. Improving the situation or process used in the experiment to yield more accurate results
in repeat experiments.
Ans: C
5. Which of the following best describes the aim of natural sciences?
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Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 3rd Edition Butts Test Bank
A. Affirmation of the importance of cultural understanding by uncovering the common
subjective biases of different disciplines.
B. Improvement of the quality of life by understanding what helps people maximize their
functional abilities.
C. Utilization of knowledge by applying it to a specific purpose in order to better a situation
or change viewpoints.
D. Development of knowledge for the sake of developing knowledge, discovering truth, and
controlling outcomes.
Ans: D
6. Gretchen and Peter are graduate students in the same Physics lab. Their supervisor has
asked both of them to perform the same experiment using the same procedure and
equipment. After they’ve both completed their task, the compare their results and discover
that they are nearly identical. Which of the five criteria for science does Gretchen and
Peter’s discovery exemplify?
A. Intersubjective testability
B. Reliability
C. Definiteness and precision
D. Coherence
Ans: A TESTBANKSELLER.COM
7. Which statement does not describe a general characteristic of philosophy?
A. Thinking for the sake of thinking.
B. Utilization of process and outcome.
C. Demarcation of wholeness and holism.
D. Application of epistemology and ontology.
Ans: C
8. Repetitive patterns of behavior dictated by past experiences is an example of which source
of knowledge?
A. Doctrine
B. Common sense
C. Tradition
D. Authority
Ans: C
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Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 3rd Edition Butts Test Bank
9. Francisco is a chemist who rigidly applies the scientific method to all that he does,
whether in the lab or out of it, and strongly believes that all relationships are governed by
cause and effect. He sees little need for subjectivity in any area of his life, believing instead
that the world is an external concept completely independent of individual thoughts or
desires. Which philosophical school best describes Francisco’s outlook on the world?
A. Phenomenology
B. Logical positivism
C. Hermeneutics
D. Post-structuralism
Ans: B
10. Which statement would an adherent of the perceived view most likely make?
A. ―Observation is completely unbiased.‖
B. ―Descriptive law is the gold standard of science.‖
C. ―Individual phenomenon make up the whole that is the universe.‖
D. ―Theories are neither right nor wrong.‖
Ans: D
11. Which philosophy subscribes to the idea that the universe is a whole made of interrelated
parts? TESTBANKSELLER.COM
A. Logical positivism
B. Chaos and Complexity
C. Post-Structuralism
D. Hermeneutics
Ans: B
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Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 3rd Edition Butts Test Bank
Chapter 2 – The Evolution of Nursing Science
1. Historically, anursing apreparation awas areferred ato aas a―training,‖ aand amany anurses
aeducated athrough athe a1970s a still ause athis aterm ato arefer ato atheir aeducation. aWhy ais
athis aterminology aparticularly aproblematic ain alight aof athe aadvances amade ain anursing
ascience ain athe alast a30 ayears?
A. On-the-job aapprenticeships aare ano alonger aas aprevalent aas athey awere aup athrough
athe alate a1970s aand aearly a1980s.
B. It aplaces aemphasis aon anurses’ aabilities ato aperform atasks arather athan areason
athrough aand aunderstand athe apurpose aof atheir aactions.
C. Most amodern anurses apursue aMaster’s alevel aeducation abeyond atheir apractice-
based aBachelor’s aeducation.
D. The alast a30 ayears ahave aseen anursing aeducation amove aaway afrom aphysician-taught
acourses ain ahospitals ato a professor-taught acourses aat auniversities.
Ans: a B
2. During athe a1960s, awhy adid anursing ascholars aheavily aemphasize aa afocus aon athe
atheoretical adevelopment aof a nursing aas a its aown, aindependent a discipline?
A. To asupport adoctoral aeducation afor anurses athat awas adiscipline aspecific
B. To aprove athat athe alogical apositivist aapproach awas aa apoor afit afor athe adiscipline
C. To aencourage aand aenhance athe acontinued adevelopment aof anursing ascience
D.
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To apromote aresearch aby anurses ain aall afields, anot amerely anursing
ascience aAns: a C
3. Which aargument abest asupports athe aidea aof anursing aas aa aprofessional adiscipline
arather athan aan aacademic adiscipline?
A. ―Nursing ais aan aapplied ascience. a Its apractice acomponent aplaces aan aemphasis
aon athe adelivery aof a service a by anurses arather athan athe adevelopment aof aacademic
aknowledge.‖
B. ―Nursing ais aa adiscipline awith aunique asubstance. aIt aborrows avery alittle afrom aother
adisciplines aand, aas aa aresult, ais abeyond athe arealm aof amost aacademic aprograms ain athe
asciences athat aacknowledge aidea asharing aacross adisciplines.‖
C. ―Nursing ais aa aconcept awith aa alengthy aunofficial ahistory. aIndividuals ahave abeen
aproviding anursing acare ato aothers asince athe aCrusades, aand athis aprofessional aprovision aof
aservices apredates aformal aeducation ain athe afield.‖
D. ―Nursing ais aa arelative anewcomer ato aadvanced aeducation. aFor amany ayears, anurses
awere aeducated aor atrained aonly aat aa aBachelor’s alevel, aand aadvanced apractice atherefore
ahas aits aroots ain athe aprofession aitself a rather athan ain aacademia.‖
Ans: a A
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Advanced Nursing practice 3rd edition Butts
Chapter 1 – Philosophy of Science: An Introduction
1. Why are natural sciences also referred to as ―pure‖ sciences?
A. They are considered stand-alone bodies of unique knowledge.
B. They are the only sciences to which the scientific method can be applied.
C. They are the original sciences upon which all others are based.
D. They are not affected by subjectivity in the way other sciences are.
Ans: A
2. Which is not an example of an applied science as used in health care today?
A. Social work
B. Psychotherapy
C. Examination of care disparities
D. Pathology
Ans: D
3. Roberta firmly believes that individual experiences are the source of all knowledge in the
world. As a scientist, she acknowledges her role as a participant in the experiments she
performs and does consider herself merely a disconnected observer of phenomenon.
Roberta’s views are most closTeE
lySreTfB
leA
ctN
ivKe SoE
fwLhLiE
chRs.chCoOolMof scientific thought?
A. Natural Science
B. Human Science
C. Applied Science
D. Soft Science
Ans: B
4. What is the ultimate goal of the scientific method?
A. Application of scientific results to a related body of knowledge in order to meet some
type of human need.
B. Examination of the decisions made by a scientist to understand the ways in which
subjectivity was introduced to the experiment.
C. Reproducible experimental results that do not take researcher individuality into account.
D. Improving the situation or process used in the experiment to yield more accurate results
in repeat experiments.
Ans: C
5. Which of the following best describes the aim of natural sciences?
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Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 3rd Edition Butts Test Bank
A. Affirmation of the importance of cultural understanding by uncovering the common
subjective biases of different disciplines.
B. Improvement of the quality of life by understanding what helps people maximize their
functional abilities.
C. Utilization of knowledge by applying it to a specific purpose in order to better a situation
or change viewpoints.
D. Development of knowledge for the sake of developing knowledge, discovering truth, and
controlling outcomes.
Ans: D
6. Gretchen and Peter are graduate students in the same Physics lab. Their supervisor has
asked both of them to perform the same experiment using the same procedure and
equipment. After they’ve both completed their task, the compare their results and discover
that they are nearly identical. Which of the five criteria for science does Gretchen and
Peter’s discovery exemplify?
A. Intersubjective testability
B. Reliability
C. Definiteness and precision
D. Coherence
Ans: A TESTBANKSELLER.COM
7. Which statement does not describe a general characteristic of philosophy?
A. Thinking for the sake of thinking.
B. Utilization of process and outcome.
C. Demarcation of wholeness and holism.
D. Application of epistemology and ontology.
Ans: C
8. Repetitive patterns of behavior dictated by past experiences is an example of which source
of knowledge?
A. Doctrine
B. Common sense
C. Tradition
D. Authority
Ans: C
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Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 3rd Edition Butts Test Bank
9. Francisco is a chemist who rigidly applies the scientific method to all that he does,
whether in the lab or out of it, and strongly believes that all relationships are governed by
cause and effect. He sees little need for subjectivity in any area of his life, believing instead
that the world is an external concept completely independent of individual thoughts or
desires. Which philosophical school best describes Francisco’s outlook on the world?
A. Phenomenology
B. Logical positivism
C. Hermeneutics
D. Post-structuralism
Ans: B
10. Which statement would an adherent of the perceived view most likely make?
A. ―Observation is completely unbiased.‖
B. ―Descriptive law is the gold standard of science.‖
C. ―Individual phenomenon make up the whole that is the universe.‖
D. ―Theories are neither right nor wrong.‖
Ans: D
11. Which philosophy subscribes to the idea that the universe is a whole made of interrelated
parts? TESTBANKSELLER.COM
A. Logical positivism
B. Chaos and Complexity
C. Post-Structuralism
D. Hermeneutics
Ans: B
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Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 3rd Edition Butts Test Bank
Chapter 2 – The Evolution of Nursing Science
1. Historically, anursing apreparation awas areferred ato aas a―training,‖ aand amany anurses
aeducated athrough athe a1970s a still ause athis aterm ato arefer ato atheir aeducation. aWhy ais
athis aterminology aparticularly aproblematic ain alight aof athe aadvances amade ain anursing
ascience ain athe alast a30 ayears?
A. On-the-job aapprenticeships aare ano alonger aas aprevalent aas athey awere aup athrough
athe alate a1970s aand aearly a1980s.
B. It aplaces aemphasis aon anurses’ aabilities ato aperform atasks arather athan areason
athrough aand aunderstand athe apurpose aof atheir aactions.
C. Most amodern anurses apursue aMaster’s alevel aeducation abeyond atheir apractice-
based aBachelor’s aeducation.
D. The alast a30 ayears ahave aseen anursing aeducation amove aaway afrom aphysician-taught
acourses ain ahospitals ato a professor-taught acourses aat auniversities.
Ans: a B
2. During athe a1960s, awhy adid anursing ascholars aheavily aemphasize aa afocus aon athe
atheoretical adevelopment aof a nursing aas a its aown, aindependent a discipline?
A. To asupport adoctoral aeducation afor anurses athat awas adiscipline aspecific
B. To aprove athat athe alogical apositivist aapproach awas aa apoor afit afor athe adiscipline
C. To aencourage aand aenhance athe acontinued adevelopment aof anursing ascience
D.
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
To apromote aresearch aby anurses ain aall afields, anot amerely anursing
ascience aAns: a C
3. Which aargument abest asupports athe aidea aof anursing aas aa aprofessional adiscipline
arather athan aan aacademic adiscipline?
A. ―Nursing ais aan aapplied ascience. a Its apractice acomponent aplaces aan aemphasis
aon athe adelivery aof a service a by anurses arather athan athe adevelopment aof aacademic
aknowledge.‖
B. ―Nursing ais aa adiscipline awith aunique asubstance. aIt aborrows avery alittle afrom aother
adisciplines aand, aas aa aresult, ais abeyond athe arealm aof amost aacademic aprograms ain athe
asciences athat aacknowledge aidea asharing aacross adisciplines.‖
C. ―Nursing ais aa aconcept awith aa alengthy aunofficial ahistory. aIndividuals ahave abeen
aproviding anursing acare ato aothers asince athe aCrusades, aand athis aprofessional aprovision aof
aservices apredates aformal aeducation ain athe afield.‖
D. ―Nursing ais aa arelative anewcomer ato aadvanced aeducation. aFor amany ayears, anurses
awere aeducated aor atrained aonly aat aa aBachelor’s alevel, aand aadvanced apractice atherefore
ahas aits aroots ain athe aprofession aitself a rather athan ain aacademia.‖
Ans: a A
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