Chapter 1: Foundations of Maternity,
Women's Health, and Child Health Nursing
questions and 100% verified answers
2025/2026
Which factor significantly contributed to the shift from home births to hospital births in the early 20th
century?
a. Puerperal sepsis was identified as a risk factor in labor and delivery.
b. Forceps were developed to facilitate difficult births.
c. The importance of early parental-infant contact was identified.
d. Technologic developments became available to physicians - Answer ANS: D
Technologic developments were available to physicians, not lay midwives. So in-hospital births increased
in order to take advantage of these advancements. Puerperal sepsis has been a known problem for
generations. In the late 19th century, Semmelweis discovered how it could be prevented with improved
hygienic practices. The development of forceps is an example of a technology advance made in the early
20th century but is not the only reason birth places moved. Unlike home births, early hospital births
hindered bonding between parents and their infants.
Family-centered maternity care developed in response to
a. demands by physicians for family involvement in childbirth.
b. the Sheppard-Towner Act of 1921.
c. parental requests that infants be allowed to remain with them rather than in a nursery.
d. changes in pharmacologic management of labor. - Answer ANS: C
As research began to identify the benefits of early extended parent-infant contact, parents began to
insist that the infant remain with them. This gradually developed into the practice of rooming-in and
finally to family-centered maternity care. Family-centered care was are quest by parents, not physicians.
The Sheppard-Towner Act of 1921 provided funds for state-managed programs for mothers and
children. The changes in pharmacologic management of labor were not a factor in family-centered
maternity care.
Which setting for childbirth allows the least amount of parent-infant contact?
a. Labor/delivery/recovery/postpartum room
b. Birth center
, c. Traditional hospital birth
d. Home birth - Answer ANS: C
In the traditional hospital setting, the mother may see the infant for only short feeding periods, and the
infant is cared for in a separate nursery. The labor/delivery/recovery/postpartum room setting allows
increased parent-infant contact. Birth centers are set up to allow an increase in parent-infant contact.
Home births allow an increase in parent-infant contact
As a result of changes in health care delivery and funding, a current trend seen in the pediatric setting is
a. increased hospitalization of children.
b. decreased number of children living in poverty.
c. an increase in ambulatory care.
d. decreased use of managed care - Answer ANS: C
One effect of managed care has been that pediatric health care delivery has shifted dramatically from
the acute care setting to the ambulatory setting in order to provide more cost-efficient care. The
number of hospital beds being used has decreased as more care is given in outpatient settings and in
the home. The number of children living in poverty has increased over the past decade. One of the
biggest changes in health care has been the growth of managed care
The Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program provides
a. well-child examinations for infants and children living at the poverty level.
b. immunizations for high-risk infants and children.
c. screening for infants with developmental disorders.
d. supplemental food supplies to low-income pregnant or breastfeeding women - Answer ANS: D
WIC is a federal program that provides supplemental food supplies to low-income women who are
pregnant or breastfeeding and to their children until age 5 years. Medicaid's Early and Periodic
Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment Program provides for well-child examinations and for treatment of
any medical problems diagnosed during such checkups. Children in the WIC program are often referred
for immunizations, but that is not the primary focus of the program. Public Law 99-457 is part of the
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act that provides financial incentives to states to establish
comprehensive early intervention services for infants and toddlers with, or at risk for, developmental
disabilities
In most states, adolescents who are not emancipated minors must have the permission of their parents
before
Women's Health, and Child Health Nursing
questions and 100% verified answers
2025/2026
Which factor significantly contributed to the shift from home births to hospital births in the early 20th
century?
a. Puerperal sepsis was identified as a risk factor in labor and delivery.
b. Forceps were developed to facilitate difficult births.
c. The importance of early parental-infant contact was identified.
d. Technologic developments became available to physicians - Answer ANS: D
Technologic developments were available to physicians, not lay midwives. So in-hospital births increased
in order to take advantage of these advancements. Puerperal sepsis has been a known problem for
generations. In the late 19th century, Semmelweis discovered how it could be prevented with improved
hygienic practices. The development of forceps is an example of a technology advance made in the early
20th century but is not the only reason birth places moved. Unlike home births, early hospital births
hindered bonding between parents and their infants.
Family-centered maternity care developed in response to
a. demands by physicians for family involvement in childbirth.
b. the Sheppard-Towner Act of 1921.
c. parental requests that infants be allowed to remain with them rather than in a nursery.
d. changes in pharmacologic management of labor. - Answer ANS: C
As research began to identify the benefits of early extended parent-infant contact, parents began to
insist that the infant remain with them. This gradually developed into the practice of rooming-in and
finally to family-centered maternity care. Family-centered care was are quest by parents, not physicians.
The Sheppard-Towner Act of 1921 provided funds for state-managed programs for mothers and
children. The changes in pharmacologic management of labor were not a factor in family-centered
maternity care.
Which setting for childbirth allows the least amount of parent-infant contact?
a. Labor/delivery/recovery/postpartum room
b. Birth center
, c. Traditional hospital birth
d. Home birth - Answer ANS: C
In the traditional hospital setting, the mother may see the infant for only short feeding periods, and the
infant is cared for in a separate nursery. The labor/delivery/recovery/postpartum room setting allows
increased parent-infant contact. Birth centers are set up to allow an increase in parent-infant contact.
Home births allow an increase in parent-infant contact
As a result of changes in health care delivery and funding, a current trend seen in the pediatric setting is
a. increased hospitalization of children.
b. decreased number of children living in poverty.
c. an increase in ambulatory care.
d. decreased use of managed care - Answer ANS: C
One effect of managed care has been that pediatric health care delivery has shifted dramatically from
the acute care setting to the ambulatory setting in order to provide more cost-efficient care. The
number of hospital beds being used has decreased as more care is given in outpatient settings and in
the home. The number of children living in poverty has increased over the past decade. One of the
biggest changes in health care has been the growth of managed care
The Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program provides
a. well-child examinations for infants and children living at the poverty level.
b. immunizations for high-risk infants and children.
c. screening for infants with developmental disorders.
d. supplemental food supplies to low-income pregnant or breastfeeding women - Answer ANS: D
WIC is a federal program that provides supplemental food supplies to low-income women who are
pregnant or breastfeeding and to their children until age 5 years. Medicaid's Early and Periodic
Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment Program provides for well-child examinations and for treatment of
any medical problems diagnosed during such checkups. Children in the WIC program are often referred
for immunizations, but that is not the primary focus of the program. Public Law 99-457 is part of the
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act that provides financial incentives to states to establish
comprehensive early intervention services for infants and toddlers with, or at risk for, developmental
disabilities
In most states, adolescents who are not emancipated minors must have the permission of their parents
before
